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CONTINENTAL DRIFT AND PLATE TECTONICS

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Alfred Wegener is best known for what hypothesis?

a)

seafloor spreading

b)

plate tectonics

c)

continental drift

d)

subduction

2.

Which scientist was credited with first seriously proposing that all continents were joined together as a single landmass?

a)

Harry Hess

b)

Alfred Wegener

c)

Charles Darwin

d)

Albert Einstein

3.

What is the name of the ancient supercontinent that broke apart about 200 million years ago?

a)

Gondwana

b)

Eurasia

c)

Pangaea

d)

Panthalassa

4.

Fossils of the Mesosaurus, a prehistoric freshwater animal, have been found on the continents of South America and Africa. The distribution of these fossils suggest that these areas were once…

a)

made of similar chemical elements

b)

covered by oceanic crust

c)

connected to one another

d)

frozen

5.

If the continents were once joined together, rocks and mountain ranges on the margins of each…

a)

should have similar chemical properties.

b)

should have formed at the same time.

c)

should have formed under the same conditions.

d)

all of the above

6.

What was the principal reason why Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift was rejected?

a)

He could only provide the evidence that the coastlines of continents appeared to fit together.

b)

He could only provide fossil evidence from marine species.

c)

He’s hypothesis lacked evidence of glacial striations on connecting continents.

d)

His hypothesis lacked a geological mechanism to explain how the continents drifted apart.

7.

What does the word Pangaea mean in Latin?

a)

all land

b)

all coastlines

c)

all planets

d)

seven continents

8.

Which of the following is NOT evidence of continental drift?

a)

a. a land bridge once connected different continents

b)

b. similar rock types on different continents

c)

c. similar fossils on different continents

d)

d. similar glacial striations and till on different continents

9.

Which scientist first backed up the hypothesis of continental drift with evidence, but was unable to prove his hypothesis because he could not identify the mechanism behind the drifting of continents?

a)

Harry Hess

b)

Alfred Wegner

c)

Marie Tharp

d)

Alfred Einstein

10.

Approximately when did the supercontinent Pangaea begin to break apart?

a)

about 450,000 years ago

b)

about 200 billion years ago

c)

about 4.5 million years ago

d)

about 200 million years ago

11.

To develop the theory of plate tectonics, scientists first had to accept the idea that…

a)

Earth’s core consists of molten rock.

b)

Some organisms have the ability to cross vast oceans.

c)

Earth’s continents have the ability to move.

d)

Some plants’ seeds can be dispersed by the wind hundreds of thousands of kilometers away.

12.

When did Alfred Wegener first propose his theory of continental drift?

a)

early 1900s

b)

early 1800s

c)

late 1700s

d)

late 1900s

13.

What was Wegener’s role in the development of the theory of plate tectonics?

a)

He identified evidence of paleomagnetism near mid-ocean ridges.

b)

He provided evidence of seafloor spreading.

c)

He identified evidence of intraplate volcanism.

d)

He proposed evidence that the continents have were once joined together in a single landmass.

14.

Which of the following predictions is MOST correct?

a)

The Earth will go flat.

b)

The solar system will arrange itself into perfect alignment.

c)

Another supercontinent will form.

d)

All oceanic crust will disappear.

15.

When Pangaea existed, the South American continent was attached to present-day…

a)

India

b)

Australia

c)

Eurasia

d)

Africa

16.

What is the name of the outermost, ridged layer of the Earth?

a)

lithosphere

b)

asthenosphere

c)

mesosphere

d)

troposphere

17.

Which layer of the Earth is composed of tectonic plates?

a)

mesosphere

b)

lithosphere

c)

asthenosphere

d)

exosphere

18.

What layer of the Earth does the lithosphere float on top of?

a)

mesosphere

b)

outer core

c)

asthenosphere

d)

troposphere

19.

One of the most general conclusions to be drawn from the theory of plate tectonics is that the Earth…

a)

is slowly expanding

b)

is slowly shrinking

c)

is continuously losing heat

d)

is slowly changing its geography

20.

Which scientist was the first to use SONAR to discover and hypothesize the process of seafloor spreading?

a)

Harry Hess

b)

Alfred Wegener

c)

Marie Tharp

d)

Isaac Newton

21.

Where does seafloor spreading take place?

a)

continental rift alleys

b)

hot spots

c)

volcanic island arcs

d)

mid-ocean ridges

22.

Which of the following processes is most likely to cause the movement of Earth’s tectonic plates?

a)

energy produced from volcanic eruptions

b)

magnetic pole reversals

c)

faulting of mountain ranges

d)

convection currents below the lithosphere

23.

Where do convection currents take place?

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

outer core

d)

inner core

24.

What type of plate boundary exists at a mid-ocean ridge?

a)

convergent plate boundary

b)

divergent plate boundary

c)

subduction plate boundary

d)

transform plate boundary

25.

What type of plate boundary are subduction zones associated with?

a)

convergent plate boundary

b)

divergent plate boundary

c)

volcanic plate boundary

d)

transform plate boundary

26.

What type of boundary exists at the San Andreas Fault?

a)

convergent plate boundary

b)

divergent plate boundary

c)

volcanic plate boundary

d)

transform plate boundary

27.

What type of tectonic plate boundary involves a collision between two plates?

a)

convergent plate boundary

b)

divergent plate boundary

c)

subduction plate boundary

d)

transform plate boundary

28.

What type of tectonic plate boundary involves two plates moving away from one another in opposite directions?

a)

convergent plate boundary

b)

divergent plate boundary

c)

volcanic plate boundary

d)

transform plate boundary

29.

What type of tectonic plate boundary involves two plates sliding and grinding past one another horizontally without destroying any crust?

a)

convergent plate boundary

b)

divergent plate boundary

c)

subduction plate boundary

d)

transform plate boundary

30.

At a transform plate boundary…

a)

new lithosphere is formed

b)

lithosphere is neither destroyed nor produced

c)

lithosphere is subducted and destroyed

d)

new continental crust is formed

31.

Which type of plate boundary is MOST associated with earthquakes?

a)

transform plate boundary

b)

divergent plate boundary

c)

rigid plate boundary

d)

convergent plate boundary

32.

Which of the following is NOT evidence of seafloor spreading?

a)

magnetic pole reversals

b)

age of rocks on ocean floor

c)

mantle plumes in hot spots

d)

molten material at mid-ocean ridges

33.

Which of the following does NOT occur at convergent plate boundaries?

a)

volcanic island arcs

b)

continental volcanic mountain arcs

c)

ocean trenches

d)

rift valleys

34.

Which of the following is caused by continental divergent plate boundaries?

a)

volcanic island arcs

b)

rift valleys

c)

continental mountains

d)

deep ocean trenches

35.

Volcanic arcs are associated with…

a)

divergent boundaries

b)

convergent boundaries

c)

transform boundaries

d)

all of the above

36.

Which of the following increases with distance from a mid-ocean ridge?

a)

depth of seafloor

b)

thickness of oceanic lithosphere

c)

age of oceanic lithosphere

d)

all of the above

37.

What are hot spots caused by?

a)

mantle plumes

b)

earthquakes

c)

continental volcanic mountain arcs

d)

seafloor spreading

38.

What can be created at a convergent boundary between a continental crust and another continental crust?

a)

volcanic island arc

b)

continental mountain range

c)

continental volcanic mountain arc

d)

rift valley

39.

Which type of crust is the densest?

a)

continental crust

b)

oceanic crust

c)

asthenospheric crust

d)

mesospheric crust

40.

Which type of crust is the thickest?

a)

continental crust

b)

oceanic crust

c)

asthenospheric crust

d)

mesospheric crust

41.

What type of rock mainly makes up continental crust?

a)

basalt

b)

obsidian

c)

granite

d)

pumice

42.

What type of rock mainly makes up oceanic crust?

a)

basalt

b)

quartz

c)

granite

d)

obsidian

43.

Which type of crust generally subducts under the other?

a)

continental crust

b)

volcanic crust

c)

transform crust

d)

oceanic crust

44.

What is the name of the deepest trench on Earth?

a)

Puerto Rico Trench

b)

Mariana Trench

c)

Great Australian Trench

d)

Red Sea Trench

45.

The rate of plate movement can best be measured in…

a)

millimeters per year

b)

centimeters per year

c)

meters per year

d)

micrometers per year

46.

Which of the following is a destructive plate boundary?

a)

transform plate boundary

b)

convergent plate boundary

c)

subduction plate boundary

d)

divergent plate boundary

47.

Observe Figure 1 (above). Which diagram(s) shows a transform plate boundary?

a)

Diagram A

b)

Diagram B

c)

Diagram C

d)

All of the above

48.

Observe Figure 1 (above). Which diagram(s) shows a divergent plate boundary?

a)

Diagram A

b)

Diagram B

c)

Diagram C

d)

All of the above

49.

Observe Figure 1 (above). Which diagram(s) shows a subduction?

a)

Diagram A

b)

Diagram B

c)

Diagram C

d)

All of the above

50.

Observe Figure 1 (above). Which diagram(s) shows a convergent plate boundary?

a)

Diagram A

b)

Diagram B

c)

Diagram C

d)

All of the above

51.

In which diagram(s) can an earthquake occur?

a)

Diagram A

b)

Diagram B

c)

Diagram C

d)

All of the above

52.

In which diagram(s) is a volcano most likely to occur?

a)

Diagram A

b)

Diagram B

c)

Diagram C

d)

All of the above

53.

In which diagram is a rift valley most likely to occur?

a)

Diagram A

b)

Diagram B

c)

Diagram C

d)

None of the above

54.

In which diagram is an ocean trench most likely to occur?

a)

Diagram A

b)

Diagram B

c)

Diagram C

d)

None of the above

55.

In which diagram is a mid-ocean ridge most likely to occur?

a)

Diagram A

b)

Diagram B

c)

Diagram C

d)

None of the above

56.

In which diagram is hot spot most likely to occur?

a)

Diagram A

b)

Diagram B

c)

Diagram C

d)

None of the above

57.

_______ states that continents can drift apart from one another and have done so in the past.

a)

Continental drift

b)

Plate tectonics

c)

Seafloor spreading

d)

Pangaea

58.

_______ is the theory that the Earth’s lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that float and move above the asthenosphere.

a)

Plate tectonics

b)

Continental drift

c)

Subduction zones

d)

Seafloor spreading

59.

Wegner’s _______ of continental drift suggested that there was once one single supercontinent on Earth.

a)

hypothesis

b)

theory

c)

concept

d)

idea

60.

By studying _______ , Wegener found evidence for dramatic climate changes to support his ideas.

a)

glacial deposits

b)

fossil records

c)

tree rings

d)

sedimentary layers

61.

The main objection to Wegener’s hypothesis was he could not describe a _______ capable of moving the continents.

a)

mechanism

b)

evidence

c)

phenomenon

d)

theory

62.

When Wegner first introduced continental drift, many scientists believed that there were _______ connecting the continents.

a)

land bridges

b)

oceanic ridges

c)

volcanic arches

d)

submerged valleys

63.

Continental crust is composed of _______ rock.

a)

granite

b)

basalt

c)

rhyolite

d)

andesite

64.

The continents were once joined to form a single supercontinent called _______.

a)

Pangaea

b)

Gondwana

c)

Laurasia

d)

Euramerica

65.

Oceanic crust is composed of _______ rock.

a)

basalt

b)

granite

c)

gabbro

d)

peridotite

66.

Oceanic plates are _______ than continental plates.

a)

denser

b)

thicker

c)

lighter

d)

younger

67.

The youngest material of the ocean floor is found at _______.

a)

mid-ocean ridges

b)

continental margins

c)

subduction zones

d)

ocean trenches

68.

While studying the ocean floor, scientists found _______ bands of magnetism.

a)

alternating

b)

uniform

c)

continuous

d)

steady

69.

The boundary between two plates that are moving apart is a _______ boundary.

a)

divergent

b)

convergent

c)

transform

d)

collisional

70.

Mountain ranges are caused by a _______ boundary between two continental plates.

a)

convergent

b)

divergent

c)

transform

d)

rift

71.

The San Andreas Fault is located at a _______ boundary.

a)

transform

b)

convergent

c)

divergent

d)

compressional

72.

The process of _______ creates new oceanic lithosphere as older materials are pulled away.

a)

seafloor spreading

b)

continental drift

c)

subduction

d)

volcanism

73.

The largest mid-ocean ridge is located in the _______ ocean.

a)

Atlantic

b)

Indian

c)

Pacific

d)

Arctic

74.

The divergence of two continental crusts may result in a _______.

a)

rift valley

b)

transform fault

c)

subduction zone

d)

volcanic island arc

75.

_______ in the mantle moves tectonic plates.

a)

Convection

b)

Subduction

c)

Slab pull

d)

Rifting

76.

Alfred Wegener was NOT the first to suggest that continents once had been connected in one supercontinent, however, he was the first to present extensive evidence that they once were.

a)

True

b)

False

77.

Earth has always had seven continents.

a)

True

b)

False

78.

Alfred Wegener proved the theory of continental drift on the basis of his evidence.

a)

True

b)

False

79.

Tropical climates once existed in the past on continents which are now located in polar areas.

a)

True

b)

False

80.

Supercontinents will never again form in the Earth’s future.

a)

True

b)

False