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DNA, DNA Replication, Protein Synthesis, & Mutations

Total questions: 40

Worksheet time: 39mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
2.
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
3.

What is the enzyme that unwinds and unzips the DNA to prepare for replication?

a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
4.
Why is DNA important?
a)

it has proteins that code for genes

b)
it's in everything
c)

it has genes that code for proteins which result in traits

d)
because we eat it every day for energy
5.
Why is it crucial that living things are able to replicate their DNA?
a)
Each cell must have its own DNA
b)
Less copies of DNA are needed when a new cell is created
c)
A cell needs multiple copies of DNA
d)
Only muscle cells need DNA 
6.
Before cells can divide, what must be copied?
a)
mitochondria
b)
cytoplasm
c)
DNA
d)
Cell Wall
7.

What is the shape of DNA?

a)

Double helix

b)

Triple helix

c)

Flat, bilayer

d)

Three-pronged rigid ladder

8.

Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand:
ATG TGA CAG

a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
9.

Which organelle is the location where protein is made?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Nucleotide

10.

What is the transfer of genetic info from DNA to RNA called?

a)

translation

b)

transcription

c)

initiation

d)

elongation

11.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
12.

Transcription is the first step in protein synthesis. What happens during transcription?

a)

gene gets copied into mRNA

b)

sections of mRNA get cut out

c)

ribosome assembles amino acids into a chain

d)

chain of amino acids folds into specific shape

13.

Translation is the second step in protein synthesis. What happens during translation?

a)

gene gets copied into mRNA

b)

sections of mRNA get cut out

c)

ribosome assembles amino acids into a chain

d)

chain of amino acids folds into specific shape

14.
How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA ACT CCA
a)
4
b)
2
c)
6
d)
12
15.

What amino acid is coded for by the codon ACA?

a)

Ile

b)

Thr

c)

Asn

d)

Lys

16.

What is the term for a three-base mRNA sequence that codes for an amino acid?

a)
base
b)
codon
c)
amine
d)
serine
17.

Which of the following is involved in translation?

a)

amino acids

b)

ribosomes

c)

mRNA

d)

all of these

18.

RNA has what base that is instead of thymine?

a)

guanine

b)

adenine

c)

thymine

d)

uracil

19.

Where is mRNA created?

a)

nucleus

b)

cytoplasm

c)

mitochondria

d)

ER

20.
What are the four bases found in DNA?
a)

Adenine

b)

Thymine

c)

Guanine

d)

Uracil

e)

Cytosine

21.
What kind of sugar is found in DNA?
a)
Glucose
b)
Fructose
c)
Sucrose
d)
Deoxyribose
22.

What mRNA strand would be created using the DNA strand TAC GTA TAT?

a)

TAC GTA TAT

b)

UAC GUA UAU

c)

GCU ACG GCG

d)

AUG CAU AUA

23.
What are the three types of mutation? 
a)
Insertion, Deletion, Subsitution
b)
Deletion, Newstion, Subsitution 
c)
Newstion, Deletion, Insertion 
d)
Insertion, Newstion, Substitution 
24.
What mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Frameshift 
25.
Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
silent
d)
transverse
26.
Identify the DELETION mutation from the following DNA sequence: 
ATG CCA AAT
a)
ATG TCA AAT
b)
ATG CCT AAA T
c)

ATC CAA AT

d)
ATG CCA AAT
27.

Decode the Codon:

AUA CGG GAA UAG

a)

ILE ARG ASP STOP

b)

TYR ALA LEU ILE

c)

LEU SER ASP GLY

d)

ILE ARG GLU STOP

28.

Which type of substitution codes for a stop codon?

a)
Missense
b)
Nonsense
c)
Silent
d)
Deletion
29.

If you are missing or have an extra base at the end of your mutated DNA, what type of mutation occurred?

a)

Nonsense

b)
Frameshift
c)

Missense

d)

Silent

30.

What type of mutation occurs when a substitution is made in which no amino acids change?

a)
Missense
b)
Nonsense
c)
Silent
d)

Frameshift

31.
Which of the following is an example of a harmful mutation? 
a)
Developing cancer
b)
Makes the organism faster
c)
Makes the organism a predator 
d)
Develops sharp claws
32.

What does DNA stand for?

a)

deosyribednucleus acid

b)

deoxymebonucleic acid

c)

deoxyribonucleic acid

d)

ribonucleic acid

33.
Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?
a)
They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
b)
They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
c)
They often delete things that organisms need.
d)
Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.
34.

What would happen to the mRNA sequence CCG if A (Adenine) was substituted for the third base G (Guanine)?

a)

The amino acid would change to STOP

b)

The amino acid would change to Serine

c)

There would be no change in the amino acid sequence

d)

The protein would be smaller

35.

Which amino acid sequence would result from the following codon sequence? Use the Codon Chart provided.

AUG-CCA-GUA-GGG-UAA

a)

MET-HIS-ALA-GLY-STOP

b)

MET-PRO-GLY-VAL-STOP

c)

MET-PRO-VAL-GLY-STOP

d)

MET-THR-SER-ASP-STOP

36.
What happens in an insertion mutation?
a)
An extra base is added to the DNA sequence
b)
A base is substituted for another
c)
The DNA sequence remains unchanged
d)
A base is deleted from the sequence
37.

What kind of mutations exist?

a)

neutral mutations

b)

all of these

c)

beneficial mutations

d)

harmful mutations

38.

What is a mutation?

a)

A temporary change in the sequence of the DNA inside a cell

b)

A permanent change in the sequence of the DNA inside a cell

c)

A virus that attacks the DNA inside a cell

d)

Bacteria that attack the DNA inside a cell

39.

What is an example of a neutral mutation?

a)

None of these

b)

a disease

c)

a change in eye color

d)

lactose intolerance

40.

Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder that affects hemoglobin. In the gene that codes for hemoglobin, the normal codon sequence GAG becomes GUG. As a result, the amino acid glutamine is replaced with valine. What type of mutation causes sickle cell disease?

a)

Substitution

b)

Frameshift

c)

Deletion

d)

Inversion

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