That evolution could take place over a millennia, a couple generations, or even be shown while ecologists watch the species

A change in the genetic composition of a population from one genaration to the next

Individuals with certain traits survive and reproduce at higher rates than others

Study of how organisms interact with each other in there environments, which includes population growth, nutrient cycling, competition, herbivory, and predation

That evolution could take place over a millennia, a couple generations, or even be shown while ecologists watch the species

A change in the genetic composition of a population from one genaration to the next

Individuals with certain traits survive and reproduce at higher rates than others

Study of how organisms interact with each other in there environments, which includes population growth, nutrient cycling, competition, herbivory, and predation

That evolution could take place over a millennia, a couple generations, or even be shown while ecologists watch the species

A change in the genetic composition of a population from one genaration to the next

Individuals with certain traits survive and reproduce at higher rates than others

Study of how organisms interact with each other in there environments, which includes population growth, nutrient cycling, competition, herbivory, and predation

Mutation

Natural Selection

Diversity

Migration

Genetic Drift

Copying errors within an individual's genetic code (DNA)

A systematic difference in the survival and reproductive success of individuals with different genotypes or phenotypes

Process of individuals either leaving or entering a population physically, via movement, could be an individual or a whole group

The change in the genetic composition from generation to generation that happens as a result of sampling error, is a random process

Copying errors within an individual's genetic code (DNA)

A systematic difference in the survival and reproductive success of individuals with different genotypes or phenotypes

Process of individuals either leaving or entering a population physically, via movement, could be an individual or a whole group

The change in the genetic composition from generation to generation that happens as a result of sampling error, is a random process

Copying errors within an individual's genetic code (DNA)

A systematic difference in the survival and reproductive success of individuals with different genotypes or phenotypes

Process of individuals either leaving or entering a population physically, via movement, could be an individual or a whole group

The change in the genetic composition from generation to generation that happens as a result of sampling error, is a random process

Copying errors within an individual's genetic code (DNA)

A systematic difference in the survival and reproductive success of individuals with different genotypes or phenotypes

Process of individuals either leaving or entering a population physically, via movement, could be an individual or a whole group

The change in the genetic composition from generation to generation that happens as a result of sampling error, is a random process

Without any natural predators they can, put their energy that they'd spend on reproduction and put it into growth and defense

Without any natural predators they can put their energy that they'd spend on growth and defense and put it into reproduction

Without any natural predators they can act as the top of the food chain and begin to outcompete other species that fill that niche they are taking over

Without any natural predators they can begin to evolve to their new environment and fill in a niche that was needed due to the extinction of a sperate species years ago

Without any natural predators they can, put their energy that they'd spend on reproduction and put it into growth and defense

Without any natural predators they can put their energy that they'd spend on growth and defense and put it into reproduction

Without any natural predators they can act as the top of the food chain and begin to outcompete other species that fill that niche they are taking over

Without any natural predators they can begin to evolve to their new environment and fill in a niche that was needed due to the extinction of a sperate species years ago

There's variation among individuals

Some variants survive and are able to evolve on an individual scale

At least some of this variation is passed genetically from parents to offspring

Some variants survive and reproduce at higher rates than others

There's no variation among individuals

Earths organisms wouldn't be able to prosper pasts a couple generations without some sort of mutation

Earths organism are descended with modification from past ancestors

The process largely responsible is evolution by natural selection

That there is a line in which species don't go beyond due to the suitability's of the environment

The extent to which a trait varies, either within or between populations

Traits that can be passed down through genes

% portion of individuals in a group that are still alive after a given period of time

Study of allele frequencies in populations

The extent to which a trait varies, either within or between populations

Traits that can be passed down through genes

% portion of individuals in a group that are still alive after a given period of time

Study of allele frequencies in populations

The extent to which a trait varies, either within or between populations

Traits that can be passed down through genes

% portion of individuals in a group that are still alive after a given period of time

Study of allele frequencies in populations

The extent to which a trait varies, either within or between populations

Traits that can be passed down through genes

% portion of individuals in a group that are still alive after a given period of time

Study of allele frequencies in populations

Genetic differences within and between populations as well as how the genetic composition of populations changes over time and how new species come to be

Figuring out how often an event or state occurs within nature

Relative abundance of genotype and the alleles that compromise them, and change from 1 gen to the next

How evolutionary successful an individual is within a certain enviroment

Genetic differences within and between populations as well as how the genetic composition of populations changes over time and how new species come to be

How often an event or state occurs within nature

Relative abundance of genotype and the alleles that compromise them, and change from 1 gen to the next

How evolutionary successful an individual is within a certain enviroment

Genetic differences within and between populations as well as how the genetic composition of populations changes over time and how new species come to be

How often an event or state occurs within nature

Relative abundance of genotype and the alleles that compromise them, and change from 1 gen to the next

How evolutionary successful an individual is within a certain enviroment

Genetic differences within and between populations as well as how the genetic composition of populations changes over time and how new species come to be

How often an event or state occurs within nature

Relative abundance of genotype and the alleles that compromise them, and change from 1 gen to the next

How evolutionary successful an individual is within a certain enviroment

A trait that is expressed with distinct discontinuous categories

A character with a continuous distribution

All the species within a given area

Study of how organisms function

A trait that is expressed with distinct discontinuous categories

A character with a continuous distribution

All the species within a given area

Study of how organisms function

A trait that is expressed with distinct discontinuous categories

A character with a continuous distribution

All the species within a given area

Study of how organisms function

A trait that is expressed with distinct discontinuous categories

A character with a continuous distribution

All the species within a given area

Study of how organisms function

How organisms obtain energy and nutrients needed to survive, how they transport these resources to where they are needed inside the body, and how they eliminate leftover waste products

A diagram that categorizes ecosystem types according to precipitation and temp

Sunlight

Temp Patterns

Precipitation Patterns

Nutrient Content

pH

Salinity of Soils

Other Species within the community

Water loss through the soil surface

Water loss through water vapor via plants

How organisms obtain energy and nutrients needed to survive, how they transport these resources to where they are needed inside the body, and how they eliminate leftover waste products

A diagram that categorizes ecosystem types according to precipitation and temp

Sunlight

Temp Patterns

Precipitation Patterns

Nutrient Content

pH

Salinity of Soils

Other Species within the community

Water loss through the soil surface

Water loss through water vapor via plants

How organisms obtain energy and nutrients needed to survive, how they transport these resources to where they are needed inside the body, and how they eliminate leftover waste products

A diagram that categorizes ecosystem types according to precipitation and temp

Sunlight

Temp Patterns

Precipitation Patterns

Nutrient Content

pH

Salinity of Soils

Other Species within the community

Water loss through the soil surface

Water loss through water vapor via plants

How organisms obtain energy and nutrients needed to survive, how they transport these resources to where they are needed inside the body, and how they eliminate leftover waste products

A diagram that categorizes ecosystem types according to precipitation and temp

Sunlight

Temp Patterns

Precipitation Patterns

Nutrient Content

pH

Salinity of Soils

Other Species within the community

Water loss through the soil surface

Water loss through water vapor via plants

How organisms obtain energy and nutrients needed to survive, how they transport these resources to where they are needed inside the body, and how they eliminate leftover waste products

A diagram that categorizes ecosystem types according to precipitation and temp

Sunlight

Temp Patterns

Precipitation Patterns

Nutrient Content

pH

Salinity of Soils

Other Species within the community

(Temp and Pricip most important)

Water loss through the soil surface

Water loss through water vapor via plants

Evaporation

• +

• Transpiration

• =

• ______

A diagram that categorizes ecosystem types according to precipitation and temp

Sunlight

Temp Patterns

Precipitation Patterns

Nutrient Content

pH

Salinity of Soils

Other Species within the community

(Temp and Pricip most important)

Water loss through the soil surface

Water loss through water vapor via plants

The total amount of evapotranspiration that occurs if water is not limited

Fit for that locale, and if moved to another, fitness drops drastically

Atmospheric humidity

Wind Speed

Regulation types

Indicates the rate that water actually evapotranspires given the systems available moisture

The total amount of evapotranspiration that occurs if water is not limited

Fit for that locale, and if moved to another, fitness drops drastically

Atmospheric humidity

Wind Speed

Regulation types

Indicates the rate that water actually evapotranspires given the systems available moisture

The total amount of evapotranspiration that occurs if water is not limited

Fit for that locale, and if moved to another, fitness drops drastically

Atmospheric humidity

Wind Speed

Regulation types

Indicates the rate that water actually evapotranspires given the systems available moisture

The total amount of evapotranspiration that occurs if water is not limited

Fit for that locale, and if moved to another, fitness drops drastically

Atmospheric humidity

Wind Speed

Regulation types

Indicates the rate that water actually evapotranspires given the systems available moisture

Statistical error that arises when the subset of a population sampled is not representative of the population as a whole.

A particular kind of genetic drift, it is change in the frequencies of alleles that occurs by chance when a few individuals leave a population and establish a new one

Difference between energy a plant stores as sugar during photosynthesis and the energy that a plant burns during respiration

States that biological growth will be limited by the nutrients that is depleted first as organisms grow and reproduce

Statistical error that arises when the subset of a population sampled is not representative of the population as a whole.

A particular kind of genetic drift, it is change in the frequencies of alleles that occurs by chance when a few individuals leave a population and establish a new one

Difference between energy a plant stores as sugar during photosynthesis and the energy that a plant burns during respiration

States that biological growth will be limited by the nutrients that is depleted first as organisms grow and reproduce

Statistical error that arises when the subset of a population sampled is not representative of the population as a whole.

A particular kind of genetic drift, it is change in the frequencies of alleles that occurs by chance when a few individuals leave a population and establish a new one

Difference between energy a plant stores as sugar during photosynthesis and the energy that a plant burns during respiration

States that biological growth will be limited by the nutrients that is depleted first as organisms grow and reproduce

Statistical error that arises when the subset of a population sampled is not representative of the population as a whole.

A particular kind of genetic drift, it is change in the frequencies of alleles that occurs by chance when a few individuals leave a population and establish a new one

Difference between energy a plant stores as sugar during photosynthesis and the energy that a plant burns during respiration

States that biological growth will be limited by the nutrients that is depleted first as organisms grow and reproduce

The range of values of an environmental parameter (Temp, pH, etc.), over which an organism can survive

Range Shift

Acclimate

Pops adapting via evolving

Change in morphology/physiology of an organism

Can happen in an organisms lifetime

A genetically-determined trait that increases an individuals fitness

Happens over multiple Generations

The range of values of an environmental parameter (Temp, pH, etc.), over which an organism can survive

Range Shift

Acclimate

Pops adapting via evolving

Change in morphology/physiology of an organism

Can happen in an organisms lifetime

A genetically-determined trait that increases an individuals fitness

Happens over multiple Generations

The range of values of an environmental parameter (Temp, pH, etc.), over which an organism can survive

Range Shift

Acclimate

Pops adapting via evolving

Change in morphology/physiology of an organism

Can happen in an organisms lifetime

A genetically-determined trait that increases an individuals fitness

Happens over multiple Generations

The range of values of an environmental parameter (Temp, pH, etc.), over which an organism can survive

Range Shift

Acclimate

Pops adapting via evolving

Change in morphology/physiology of an organism

Can happen in an organisms lifetime

A genetically-determined trait that increases an individuals fitness

Happens over multiple Generations

The amount of work that a species could do within an environment

The amount of work that a species actually does within an environment

Change in morphology/physiology of an organism that can't be reversed

Self-regulation, species varying degree of how it's maintained

Tracks the state of a system by comparing it's inputs and outputs, measured in fluxes

The amount of work that a species could do within an environment

The amount of work that a species actually does within an environment

Change in morphology/physiology of an organism that can't be reversed

Self-regulation, species varying degree of how it's maintained

Tracks the state of a system by comparing it's inputs and outputs, measured in fluxes

The amount of work that a species could do within an environment

The amount of work that a species actually does within an environment

Change in morphology/physiology of an organism that can't be reversed

Self-regulation, species varying degree of how it's maintained

Tracks the state of a system by comparing it's inputs and outputs, measured in fluxes

The amount of work that a species could do within an environment

The amount of work that a species actually does within an environment

Change in morphology/physiology of an organism that can't be reversed

Self-regulation, species varying degree of how it's maintained

Tracks the state of a system by comparing it's inputs and outputs, measured in fluxes

The amount of work that a species could do within an environment

The amount of work that a species actually does within an environment

Change in morphology/physiology of an organism that can't be reversed

Self-regulation, species varying degree of how it's maintained

Tracks the state of a system by comparing it's inputs and outputs, measured in fluxes

A graph that shows enzyme activity

A substance that lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction, but is not itself consumed in the reaction

Inputs-Outputs

If ____ = 0 the organism is maintaining homeostasis, if _____ > 0 organism is gaining water and if ____ < 0 the organism is losing water

Water produced when carbs (sugar), proteins, or fats are broken down by an organism

A graph that shows enzyme activity

A substance that lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction, but is not itself consumed in the reaction

Inputs-Outputs

If ____ = 0 the organism is maintaining homeostasis, if _____ > 0 organism is gaining water and if ____ < 0 the organism is losing water

Water produced when carbs (sugar), proteins, or fats are broken down by an organism

A graph that shows enzyme activity

A substance that lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction, but is not itself consumed in the reaction

Inputs-Outputs

If ____ = 0 the organism is maintaining homeostasis, if _____ > 0 organism is gaining water and if ____ < 0 the organism is losing water

Water produced when carbs (sugar), proteins, or fats are broken down by an organism

A graph that shows enzyme activity

A substance that lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction, but is not itself consumed in the reaction

Inputs-Outputs

If ____ = 0 the organism is maintaining homeostasis, if _____ > 0 organism is gaining water and if ____ < 0 the organism is losing water

Water produced when carbs (sugar), proteins, or fats are broken down by an organism

Inputs

Ingestion

Metabolic Water

Osmotic Exchange

Inputs

Secretion

Evaporative Loss

Osmotic Exchange

Outputs

Ingestion

Metabolic Water

Osmotic Exchange

Outputs

Secretion

Evaporative Loss

Osmotic Exchange

Nitrogenous Wastes:

Produced when Amino Acids that form proteins are broken down in an animals liver

Metabolic Byproducts

Excess Salts

Sugar

Lipids (Fats)

Toxins

Undigested Food

Rely on kidneys to concentrate urea and salt discharged in urine

Similar kidneys but expel uric acid with feces

Use gills + kidneys to maintain salt balance and to remove nitrogenous waste, usually discharged as ammonia

Produce highly concentrated urine and very dry feces, due to the scarcity of freshwater

Produce urine with a higher salt concentration that that of what they ingest (Unless ur a S . O)

Rely on kidneys to concentrate urea and salt discharged in urine

Similar kidneys but expel uric acid with feces

Use gills + kidneys to maintain salt balance and to remove nitrogenous waste, usually discharged as ammonia

Produce highly concentrated urine and very dry feces, due to the scarcity of freshwater

Produce urine with a higher salt concentration that that of what they ingest (Unless ur a S . O)

Rely on kidneys to concentrate urea and salt discharged in urine

Similar kidneys but expel uric acid with feces

Use gills + kidneys to maintain salt balance and to remove nitrogenous waste, usually discharged as ammonia

Produce highly concentrated urine and very dry feces, due to the scarcity of freshwater

Produce urine with a higher salt concentration that that of what they ingest (Unless ur a S . O)

Rely on kidneys to concentrate urea and salt discharged in urine

Similar kidneys to mammals but expel uric acid with feces

Use gills + kidneys to maintain salt balance and to remove nitrogenous waste, usually discharged as ammonia

Produce highly concentrated urine and very dry feces, due to the scarcity of freshwater

Produce urine with a higher salt concentration that that of what they ingest (Unless ur a S . O)

Rely on kidneys to concentrate urea and salt discharged in urine

Similar kidneys to mammals but expel uric acid with feces

Use gills + kidneys to maintain salt balance and to remove nitrogenous waste, usually discharged as ammonia

Produce highly concentrated urine and very dry feces, due to the scarcity of freshwater

Produce urine with a higher salt concentration that that of what they ingest (Unless ur a S . O)

Rate at which an organism accumulates/loses heat

Inputs-Outputs

_____ = 0 homeostasis, ______ > 0 warming, _____ < 0 cooling

An organism whose body temp fluctuates (Most terrestrial invert)

An organism that maintains a relatively stable, constant body temp (Polar marine Fish and most inverts)

An organism whose body temp is primarily determined by internally-generated metabolic heat (Most land birds and mammals)

Rate at which an organism accumulates/loses heat

Inputs-Outputs

_____ = 0 homeostasis, ______ > 0 warming, _____ < 0 cooling

An organism whose body temp fluctuates (Most terrestrial invert)

An organism that maintains a relatively stable, constant body temp (Polar marine Fish and most inverts)

An organism whose body temp is primarily determined by internally-generated metabolic heat (Most land birds and mammals)

Rate at which an organism accumulates/loses heat

Inputs-Outputs

_____ = 0 homeostasis, ______ > 0 warming, _____ < 0 cooling

An organism whose body temp fluctuates (Most terrestrial invert)

An organism that maintains a relatively stable, constant body temp (Polar marine Fish and most inverts)

An organism whose body temp is primarily determined by internally-generated metabolic heat (Most land birds and mammals)

An organism whose body temp is primarily determined by heat from it's environment (Amphibians and Reptiles)

Rate at which an organism accumulates/loses heat

Inputs-Outputs

_____ = 0 homeostasis, ______ > 0 warming, _____ < 0 cooling

An organism whose body temp fluctuates (Most terrestrial invert)

An organism that maintains a relatively stable, constant body temp (Polar marine Fish and most inverts)

An organism whose body temp is primarily determined by internally-generated metabolic heat (Most land birds and mammals)

An organism whose body temp is primarily determined by heat from it's environment (Amphibians and Reptiles)

Rate at which an organism accumulates/loses heat

Inputs-Outputs

_____ = 0 homeostasis, ______ > 0 warming, _____ < 0 cooling

An organism whose body temp fluctuates (Most terrestrial invert)

An organism that maintains a relatively stable, constant body temp (Polar marine Fish and most inverts)

An organism whose body temp is primarily determined by internally-generated metabolic heat (Most land birds and mammals)

An organism whose body temp is primarily determined by heat from it's environment (Amphibians and Reptiles)

Inputs

Absorbed Solar Radiation

Metabolic Heat

Absorbed Thermal Heat

Conduction

Convection

Inputs

Emitted Thermal Radiation

Conduction

Convection

Evaporative Cooling

Outputs

Absorbed Solar radiation

Metabolic Heat

Absorbed Thermal Heat

Conduction

Convection

Outputs

Emitted Thermal Radiation

Conduction

Convection

Evaporative Cooling

The ratio of energy radiated from the surface of an object to that radiated from a black body

Two or more object trying to maintain the same temp

(Slowed down by Blubber and layers)

Heat transferred by moving fluids like air/water

Exchange heat between hot and cold fluids flowing in opposite directions

<-- Cool Venous Blood

Warm Artery Blood -->

<-- Cool Venous Blood

The ratio of energy radiated from the surface of an object to that radiated from a black body

Two or more object trying to maintain the same temp

(Slowed down by Blubber and layers)

Heat transferred by moving fluids like air/water

Exchange heat between hot and cold fluids flowing in opposite directions

<-- Cool Venous Blood

Warm Artery Blood -->

<-- Cool Venous Blood

The ratio of energy radiated from the surface of an object to that radiated from a black body

Two or more object trying to maintain the same temp

(Slowed down by Blubber and layers)

Heat transferred by moving fluids like air/water

Exchange heat between hot and cold fluids flowing in opposite directions

<-- Cool Venous Blood

Warm Artery Blood -->

<-- Cool Venous Blood

The ratio of energy radiated from the surface of an object to that radiated from a black body

Two or more object trying to maintain the same temp

(Slowed down by Blubber and layers)

Heat transferred by moving fluids like air/water

Exchange heat between hot and cold fluids flowing in opposite directions

<-- Cool Venous Blood

Warm Artery Blood -->

<-- Cool Venous Blood

Heat released or absorbed when chemicals change phase from solid -> liquid / liquid ->gas

Heat lost from a system when the heat is used to convert liquid water to water vapor

Evaporation of water from the interior surface of a leaf and subsequent diffusion of water vapor through an open stoma into the surrounding atmosphere

The ratio of the amount of water vapor actually present in the air to the maximum amount of water vapor the air could hold at a given temp

Heat released or absorbed when chemicals change phase from solid -> liquid / liquid ->gas

Heat lost from a system when the heat is used to convert liquid water to water vapor

Evaporation of water from the interior surface of a leaf and subsequent diffusion of water vapor through an open stoma into the surrounding atmosphere

The ratio of the amount of water vapor actually present in the air to the maximum amount of water vapor the air could hold at a given temp

Heat released or absorbed when chemicals change phase from solid -> liquid / liquid ->gas

Heat lost from a system when the heat is used to convert liquid water to water vapor

Evaporation of water from the interior surface of a leaf and subsequent diffusion of water vapor through an open stoma into the surrounding atmosphere

The ratio of the amount of water vapor actually present in the air to the maximum amount of water vapor the air could hold at a given temp

Heat released or absorbed when chemicals change phase from solid -> liquid / liquid ->gas

Heat lost from a system when the heat is used to convert liquid water to water vapor

Evaporation of water from the interior surface of a leaf and subsequent diffusion of water vapor through an open stoma into the surrounding atmosphere

The ratio of the amount of water vapor actually present in the air to the maximum amount of water vapor the air could hold at a given temp

Supplying water directly needed for photosynthesis

Providing water that can be lost to the air as carbon dioxide is acquired

Evaporative cooling during hot weather

Transporting nutrients from roots to all other tissues

Water gained through respiration is then transpired and used to collect carbon dioxide

Formation of air bubbles in the xylem of a plant due to too much water tension during transpiration

More compact soils increase _____

More salty water increase _____

The mass of water vapor per unit mass of air

Slows Transpiration

Increases transpiration, before around 20% where it stops and an air bubble forms to stop the flow

Formation of air bubbles in the xylem of a plant due to too much water tension during transpiration

More compact soils increase _____

More salty water increase _____

The mass of water vapor per unit mass of air

Slows Transpiration

Increases transpiration, before around 20% where it stops and an air bubble forms to stop the flow

Formation of air bubbles in the xylem of a plant due to too much water tension during transpiration

More compact soils increase _____

More salty water increase _____

The mass of water vapor per unit mass of air

Slows Transpiration

Increases transpiration, before around 20% where it stops and an air bubble forms to stop the flow

Formation of air bubbles in the xylem of a plant due to too much water tension during transpiration

More compact soils increase _____

More salty water increase _____

The mass of water vapor per unit mass of air

Slows Transpiration

Increases transpiration, before around 20% where it stops and an air bubble forms to stop the flow

Specialized anatomy of plants relying on C4 photosynthesis

A layer of specialized cells wrapped around the veins of the leaves of C4 plants

Crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis is one of three common photosynthetic pathways

Occurs when excess nutrients, commonly nitrogen and phosphorus (Most limited nutrient) are added to an aquatic system

Specialized anatomy of plants relying on C4 photosynthesis

A layer of specialized cells wrapped around the veins of the leaves of C4 plants

Crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis is one of three common photosynthetic pathways

Occurs when excess nutrients, commonly nitrogen and phosphorus (Most limited nutrient) are added to an aquatic system

Specialized anatomy of plants relying on C4 photosynthesis

Allows plants to concentrate carbon dioxide without losing much water, and thus it is most common dry environments

The most energy efficient pathway in cooler environments, 90% of plants are

Occurs when excess nutrients, commonly nitrogen and phosphorus (Most limited nutrient) are added to an aquatic system

Allows plants to concentrate carbon dioxide without losing a lot of water and thus us the most common in hot environments, 3% of a plants

Specialized anatomy of plants relying on C4 photosynthesis

Allows plants to concentrate carbon dioxide without losing much water, and thus it is most common dry environments

The most energy efficient pathway in cooler environments, 90% of plants

Occurs when excess nutrients, commonly nitrogen and phosphorus (Most limited nutrient) are added to an aquatic system

Allows plants to concentrate carbon dioxide without losing a lot of water and thus us the most common in hot environments, 3% of a plants

Specialized anatomy of plants relying on C4 photosynthesis

Allows plants to concentrate carbon dioxide without losing much water, and thus it is most common dry environments

The most energy efficient pathway in cooler environments, 90% of plants

Occurs when excess nutrients, commonly nitrogen and phosphorus (Most limited nutrient) are added to an aquatic system

Allows plants to concentrate carbon dioxide without losing a lot of water and thus us the most common in hot environments, 3% of a plants

Specialized anatomy of plants relying on C4 photosynthesis

A layer of specialized cells wrapped around the veins of the leaves of C4 plants

Crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis is one of three common photosynthetic pathways

Occurs when excess nutrients, commonly nitrogen and phosphorus (Most limited nutrient) are added to an aquatic system

65 dams removed in 2022

Reconnecting 430+ upstream river miles across 20 states

Dams are immediately deconstructed that way the water can reconnect with one another and nutrients are immediately passed around

Top States: Ohio (11), Pennsylvania (10), Virginia (6)

Huge Klamath River restoration to begin this fall and finish in 2024 (4 dams to be
removed)

When water bodies receive large inputs of nutrients stimulating excessive primary production

Creation of new biomass synthesis from inorganic molecules

Creation of new biomass from existing organic matter

Form of autotropism where an inorganic compounds is oxidized to produce energy

A phenomenon of large Salt Water bodies forming layers

When water bodies receive large inputs of nutrients stimulating excessive primary production

Creation of new biomass synthesis from inorganic molecules

Creation of new biomass from existing organic matter

Form of autotropism where an inorganic compounds is oxidized to produce energy

A phenomenon of large Salt Water bodies forming layers

When water bodies receive large inputs of nutrients stimulating excessive primary production

Creation of new biomass synthesis from inorganic molecules

Creation of new biomass from existing organic matter

Form of autotropism where an inorganic compounds is oxidized to produce energy

A phenomenon of large Salt Water bodies forming layers

When water bodies receive large inputs of nutrients stimulating excessive primary production

Creation of new biomass synthesis from inorganic molecules

Creation of new biomass from existing organic matter

Form of autotropism where an inorganic compounds is oxidized to produce energy

A phenomenon of large Salt Water bodies forming layers

When water bodies receive large inputs of nutrients stimulating excessive primary production

Creation of new biomass synthesis from inorganic molecules

Creation of new biomass from existing organic matter

Form of autotropism where an inorganic compounds is oxidized to produce energy

A phenomenon of large Salt Water bodies forming layers

Organic molecules synthesized by living organisms

Nutrients required in large amounts for an organism to grow

Cyclic movement of a nutrient between the organic and inorganic populations of an ecosystem

Organic molecules synthesized by living organisms

Nutrients required in large amounts for an organism to grow

Cyclic movement of a nutrient between the organic and inorganic populations of an ecosystem

Organic molecules synthesized by living organisms

Nutrients required in large amounts for an organism to grow

Cyclic movement of a nutrient between the organic and inorganic populations of an ecosystem

Proteins - Made of Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur

Carbohydrates - Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

Lipids - Made of Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, and Phosphorous

Nucleic Acids - Made of Hydrogen, Carbon Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Phosphorous

Fiber - Made of Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous

Carbon

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Phosphorous

Sodium

Chlorine

Sulfur

Oxygen

Boron

Copper

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

Animal based Carbon

Plant Carbon

Soil Carbon

Oceanic Carbon

Photosynthesis

Plant Respiration

Decomposition

Soil Respiration

Litterfall

Nutrients required only in small amounts for an organism to grow

Study of Lakes

A single definable point of pollution, ex. sewer pipe

The difference between the total flux of nutrients into a system and the total flux out

Storage rate = Total flux in - Total flux out

Nutrients required only in small amounts for an organism to grow

Study of Lakes

A single definable point of pollution, ex. sewer pipe

The difference between the total flux of nutrients into a system and the total flux out

Storage rate = Total flux in - Total flux out

Nutrients required only in small amounts for an organism to grow

Study of Lakes

A single definable point of pollution, ex. sewer pipe

The difference between the total flux of nutrients into a system and the total flux out

Storage rate = Total flux in - Total flux out

Nutrients required only in small amounts for an organism to grow

Study of Lakes

A single definable point of pollution, ex. sewer pipe

The difference between the total flux of nutrients into a system and the total flux out

Storage rate = Total flux in - Total flux out

The average length of time an entire such as water molecule or nitrogen atom resides in a pool

Difference between GPP and respiration

Rate at which new organic matter is synthesized by autotrophs

Bioavailable nutrients, sometime called mineral nutrients over chemical species that can readily be take and used by plants and microbes

The average length of time an entire such as water molecule or nitrogen atom resides in a pool

Difference between GPP and respiration

Rate at which new organic matter is synthesized by autotrophs

Bioavailable nutrients, sometime called mineral nutrients over chemical species that can readily be take and used by plants and microbes

The average length of time an entire such as water molecule or nitrogen atom resides in a pool

Difference between GPP and respiration

Rate at which new organic matter is synthesized by autotrophs

Bioavailable nutrients, sometime called mineral nutrients over chemical species that can readily be take and used by plants and microbes

Rocks

Dinitrogen Gas

Rocks

Dinitrogen Gas

Rate at which bacteria converts NH4+ -> NO3-

Rate at which bacteria converts NO3- ->N2

N2 -> NH4+, used by organic organisms to build biomolecules

NO3- from terrestrial water

NH4+ + OH- -> NH3

Rate at which bacteria converts NH4+ -> NO3-

Rate at which bacteria converts NO3- ->N2

N2 -> NH4+, used by organic organisms to build biomolecules

NO3- from terrestrial water

NH4+ + OH- -> NH3

Rate at which bacteria converts NH4+ -> NO3-

Rate at which bacteria converts NO3- ->N2

N2 -> NH4+, used by organic organisms to build biomolecules

NO3- from terrestrial water

NH4+ + OH- -> NH3

Rate at which bacteria converts NH4+ -> NO3-

Rate at which bacteria converts NO3- ->N2

N2 -> NH4+, used by organic organisms to build biomolecules

NO3- from terrestrial water

NH4+ + OH- -> NH3

Rate at which bacteria converts NH4+ -> NO3-

Rate at which bacteria converts NO3- ->N2

N2 -> NH4+, used by organic organisms to build biomolecules

NO3- from terrestrial water

NH4+ + OH- -> NH3

Most important source of NH4+ in most ecosystems

Breaks N2 triple bonds

Humans NH4+ and NO3-

Most important source of NH4+ in most ecosystems

Breaks N2 triple bonds

Humans NH4+ and NO3-

Most important source of NH4+ in most ecosystems

Breaks N2 triple bonds

Humans NH4+ and NO3-

Rainfall that's more acidic (Lower pH) than normal, NO + SO2

Area drained by a particular stream or river bounded by a hydrologic system

Study of water on earth and in the atmosphere

Differences between certain focal inputs and streams outputs for a nutrient

Retention Rate = Focal inputs - Stream outputs

% of a nutrient input that an ecosystem retains

Rainfall that's more acidic (Lower pH) than normal, NO + SO2

Area drained by a particular stream or river bounded by a hydrologic system

Study of water on earth and in the atmosphere

Differences between certain focal inputs and streams outputs for a nutrient

Retention Rate = Focal inputs - Stream outputs

% of a nutrient input that an ecosystem retains

Rainfall that's more acidic (Lower pH) than normal, NO + SO2

Area drained by a particular stream or river bounded by a hydrologic system

Study of water on earth and in the atmosphere

Differences between certain focal inputs and streams outputs for a nutrient

Retention Rate = Focal inputs - Stream outputs

% of a nutrient input that an ecosystem retains

Rainfall that's more acidic (Lower pH) than normal, NO + SO2

Area drained by a particular stream or river bounded by a hydrologic system

Study of water on earth and in the atmosphere

Differences between certain focal inputs and streams outputs for a nutrient

_______ = Focal inputs - Stream outputs

% of a nutrient input that an ecosystem retains

Rainfall that's more acidic (Lower pH) than normal, NO + SO2

Area drained by a particular stream or river bounded by a hydrologic system

Study of water on earth and in the atmosphere

Differences between certain focal inputs and streams outputs for a nutrient

_______ = Focal inputs - Stream outputs

% of a nutrient input that an ecosystem retains

Gravitational movement of water into soil

Receive inputs or nutrients from another ecosystem

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere

Undergoes an initial change which then produces an output which then becomes a subsequent input operating in the same direction as the initial change

Undergoes an initial change which then produces an output which then becomes a subsequent input operating in the opposite direction as the initial change

Gravitational movement of water into soil

Receive inputs or nutrients from another ecosystem

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere

Undergoes an initial change which then produces an output which then becomes a subsequent input operating in the same direction as the initial change

Undergoes an initial change which then produces an output which then becomes a subsequent input operating in the opposite direction as the initial change

Gravitational movement of water into soil

Receive inputs or nutrients from another ecosystem

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere

Undergoes an initial change which then produces an output which then becomes a subsequent input operating in the same direction as the initial change

Undergoes an initial change which then produces an output which then becomes a subsequent input operating in the opposite direction as the initial change

Gravitational movement of water into soil

Receive inputs or nutrients from another ecosystem

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere

Undergoes an initial change which then produces an output which then becomes a subsequent input operating in the same direction as the initial change

Undergoes an initial change which then produces an output which then becomes a subsequent input operating in the opposite direction as the initial change

Gravitational movement of water into soil

Receive inputs or nutrients from another ecosystem

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere

Undergoes an initial change which then produces an output which then becomes a subsequent input operating in the same direction as the initial change

Undergoes an initial change which then produces an output which then becomes a subsequent input operating in the opposite direction as the initial change

Movement of chemical, element, nutrients, between earths biotic, and it's geological, or inorganic pools, are closed cycles

Nutrient Cycling within the earths atmosphere

Encompasses rocks, sediments, underlying the terrestrial and oceanic subsystems

Compromised of land surfaces, Fresh Water ecosystems, and all organisms within

Encompasses earths oceans and all organisms living within

Movement of chemical, element, nutrients, between earths biotic, and it's geological, or inorganic pools, are closed cycles

Nutrient Cycling within the earths atmosphere

Encompasses rocks, sediments, underlying the terrestrial and oceanic subsystems

Compromised of land surfaces, Fresh Water ecosystems, and all organisms within

Encompasses earths oceans and all organisms living within

Geological Subsystem

Oceanic Subsystem

Atmospheric Subsystem

Nutrients are able to be moved in and out

Nutrients aren't able to move in or out

Geological Subsystem

Oceanic Subsystem

Atmospheric Subsystem

Nutrients are able to be moved in and out

Nutrients aren't able to move in or out

Geological Subsystem

Oceanic Subsystem

Atmospheric Subsystem

Nutrients are able to be moved in and out

Nutrients aren't able to move in or out

Geological Subsystem

Oceanic Subsystem

Atmospheric Subsystem

Nutrients are able to be moved in and out

Nutrients aren't able to move in or out

Geological Subsystem

Oceanic Subsystem

Atmospheric Subsystem

Nutrients are able to be moved in and out

Nutrients aren't able to move in or out