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Intro into Molecular Biology

Total questions: 15

Worksheet time: 11mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which structural feature is present in prokaryotic cells

but absent in eukaryotic cells?

a)

Peptidoglycan cell wall

b)

Cell membrane

c)

Ribosomes

d)

mitochondria

2.

Which of the following is a major difference between

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells regarding DNA organisation?

a)

Prokaryotic DNA is found in the nucleus while eukaryotic DNA is in the cytoplasm

b)

Prokaryotic DNA is linear while eukaryotic DNA is circular

c)

Prokaryotic DNA contains introns while eukaryotic DNA does not

d)

Prokaryotic DNA lacks histones while eukaryotic DNA is associated with histones

3.

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

a)

DNA → RNA → Protein → DNA

b)

RNA → DNA → Protein

c)

DNA → RNA → Protein

d)

Protein → RNA → DNA

4.

What is the primary STRUCTURAL difference between DNA and RNA?

a)

DNA contains adenine while RNA contains guanine

b)

DNA contains 2'-deoxyribose (lacking an OH group at the 2' position), while RNA contains ribose.

c)

DNA is double-stranded while RNA is always single-stranded

d)

DNA uses the codon AUG to initiate translation while RNA uses GUG

5.

Which of the following is a characteristic of RNA but NOT DNA?

a)

Presence of thymine

b)

Double-stranded structure

c)

Presence of uracil

d)

Phosphate backbone

6.

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

a)

Ligase

b)

DNA Polymerase

c)

Helicase

d)

Primase

7.

Which of the following best describes the function of mRNA?

a)

Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

b)

Catalyses peptide bond formation during translation

c)

Transports amino acids to the ribosome

d)

Forms part of the ribosomal structure

8.

What is a codon?

a)

A type of tRNA molecule.

b)

A three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that codes for an amino acid.

c)

 A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein.

d)

A sequence of amino acids in a protein.

9.

In Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), which process mimics/represents DNA replication?

a)

Protein synthesis

b)

Enzymatic amplification of specific DNA segments

c)

Transcription of DNA into RNA

d)

RNA splicing

10.

Which technique is used to detect and measure RNA expression levels?

a)

Southern blotting

b)

Immunoprecipitation

c)

Western blotting

d)

Northern blotting

11.

What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?

a)

It catalyzes the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template

b)

It adds RNA primers to initiate DNA replication

c)

It joins Okazaki fragments during DNA replication

d)

It removes introns from pre-mRNA

12.

Which of the following describes the function of a promoter?

a)

a sequence of RNA nucleotides that starts transcription.

b)

a protein that unwinds DNA

c)

an enzyme that synthesizes protiens.

d)

A sequence of DNA nucleotides that initiates transcription of a gene.

13.

What is the function of a ribosome?

a)

Protein synthesis

b)

Lipid metabolism

c)

DNA replication

d)

Carbohydrate breakdown

14.

Which of the following correctly describes the primary structure of a protein?

a)

The three-dimensional arrangement of the entire polypeptide chain

b)

Regular patterns of folding like alpha helices and beta sheets

c)

The linear sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

d)

The aggregation or joining of multiple polypeptide subunits

15.

What type of bonds primarily stabilise the secondary structure of proteins?

a)

Hydrogen bonds

b)

Peptide bonds

c)

Disulfide bridges

d)

Ionic bonds