WorksheetsUnit 4 Test Review: Social & Personality Psychology
Total questions: 28
Worksheet time: 14mins
According to cognitive dissonance theory, human beings are motivated to
Respond to an inborn need to pass their genes to the next generation
Maintain an optimal level of arousal
Satisfy basic needs such as hunger before proceeding to higher needs such as self-actualization
Reduced tensions produced by inconsistent thoughts
Daria provides alternative viewpoints for ideas proposed during the student council meeting. The most likely consequence of her critiques is that they will
Encourage the out-group homogeneity effect
Decrease the chance that cognitive dissonance will take place
Prevent groupthink
Lead to greater social facilitation
Which of the following examples best represents altruism?
Booker stops to help someone even though it puts him in danger.
Darby helps his boss in order to get some overtime pay.
Josie forms a study group to hold herself accountable for studying.
Sammy helps a friend move because the friend previously helped Sammy move.
Angry with his professor because of a difficult exam, Martin returns home and takes out his anger on his best friend. Martin’s behavior illustrates
Displacement
Projection
Rationalization
Sublimation
Which theory suggests that external rewards motivate behavior?
Homeostasis
Arousal theory
Incentive theory
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Which example best illustrates the defense mechanism of projection?
When scolded by his parents, a college student reverts to childlike behavior to gain sympathy.
A soccer player who does not have much athletic skill constantly criticizes other athletes’ performances.
After exams were graded and returned, a college student looked at his low grade and decided that the test was unfair and difficult.
After a fight with her boyfriend, a woman yells at her roommate for sitting in her favorite chair.
Lynne was laid off from her job due to difficulties in completing tasks, planning ahead, and following company rules. She is most likely low in which of the following Big Five personality traits?
Emotional stability
Agreeableness
Extraversion
Conscientiousness
Andy is softhearted, good-natured, trusting, helpful, forgiving, gullible, and straightforward. Based on these characteristics, he is most likely to score high on which of the Big Five trait measures?
Extraversion
Openness to experience
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Chuck asked Jane out on a date and he offered her two possible options—to see a movie or to go ice skating. Jane felt a bit stressed about making the decision because she liked both activities. Which of the following conflicts was Jane experiencing?
Avoidance-avoidance
Approach-avoidance
Approach-approach
Interpersonal
Which of the following is the most plausible reason why individuals from collectivist cultures might be less likely than those from individualistic cultures to seek conventional psychotherapy treatment for psychological disorders?
People from collectivist cultures may be more likely to experience learned helplessness.
People from collectivist cultures are more motivated to research all treatment options.
People from collectivist cultures may feel less comfortable with communicating their personal thoughts and needs.
The focus on the self in collectivist cultures makes people in those cultures more likely to handle emotional distress on their own.
Which of the following scenarios best represents conformity?
Chris’s teacher tells the students not to use their cell phones during class, so Chris does not use his cell phone during class.
Beth becomes a vegetarian when she starts college because all of her new friends are vegetarian.
Even though most members of a group do not find lions interesting, they decide to do a project on lions because they want to keep harmony.
Tuti enters a chicken-wing eating contest, and with onlookers cheering her on, eats more chicken at once than she ever has.
The failure of bystanders to give victims of automobile accidents needed assistance is sometimes explained as an instance of
group polarization
deindividuation
situational attribution
diffusion of responsibility
What concept describes why Haben is so certain about her friends’ college plans?
Confirmation bias
Overconfidence
Groupthink
Deindividuation
According to the facial feedback hypothesis, what may have influenced Mark’s mood?
The flight was so full that Mark did not have time to reflect on events that were troubling him.
Because it is his job to be courteous to customers, Mark smiled at passengers frequently.
Mark helped several passengers who then told his supervisor how nice he was.
Mark is good friends with some of the other flight attendants, and they cheered him up during the flight.
According to the psychodynamic perspective, which of the following processes best explains why people use defense mechanisms?
To protect the ego from anxiety
To enhance social relationships
To improve cognitive functioning
To increase self-esteem
A professor assigns a group project for class and notices that the students do not put in as much work as they do when they work individually. Which of the following phenomena can best explain the professor’s observation?
Groupthink
Group polarization
Social loafing
Social facilitation
Of the following students, who is most clearly demonstrating an internal attribution?
Jane, who says she failed a test because her teacher hates her.
Martin, who says he earned a spot on the football team through his hard work.
Lyle, who says his team won the quiz bowl tournament because they got lucky.
Tyler, who says he lost the vote for class president because the election was rigged.
When Jeremy hears that his neighbor’s house has been robbed, he argues that the neighbor deserved it because he leaves his expensive electronics out where people can see them. Jeremy’s belief is best explained by which of the following cognitive biases?
The fundamental attribution error
The just-world hypothesis
Out-group homogeneity bias
The availability heuristic
Ken fell off a float during a parade and was knocked unconscious. At first, observers were hesitant to help and looked around at each other until one of the parade workers called for help. Then, people came forward to help Ken. This scenario reflects which of the following concepts?
Out-group homogeneity bias
Groupthink
The bystander effect
Group polarization
When parents refuse to accept several psychologists' diagnosis of a child's mental illness, they are using which of the following defense mechanisms?
Denial
Displacement
Projection
Rationalization
Zeeshan read online that many adults have trouble with adult friendships because of unconscious feelings about childhood traumas they experienced. The belief that human behavior is the result of unconscious drives and conflicts represents which of the following theoretical perspectives?
Behavioral
Cognitive
Humanistic
Psychoanalytic
Which of the following theories suggests that a person who is hungry has a state of tension that motivates them to eat?
Drive theory
Incentive theory
Arousal theory
Expectancy theory
The notion of self-actualization is most closely associated with which of the following approaches to explaining personality?
Sociocultural
Behavioral
Humanistic
Psychodynamic
People were asked to sign a petition in support of a political candidate. Later, those who signed the petition were asked to donate money to the candidate, and many of them did. This phenomenon is best characterized as
social facilitation
the self-serving bias
the foot-in-the-door technique
the door-in-the-face technique
A stereotype is defined as which of the following?
An adjustment of one’s behavior in response to peer pressure
A belief that one’s own culture is superior to all others
A generalization about a social group
A negative action taken against someone who is a member of a social group
The view that human emotions are universal has been supported by studies of
facial expressions
body language
linguistic structures
biological symmetry
While watching a children's movie with her mother, Lily tells her mother that she can't wait for the evil witch to be punished at the end because of how badly she treated the princess. Lily's mother asks her how she knows the evil witch will be punished in the end of the movie and Lily replies, "Because that's what happens to bad people." Which of the following concepts is demonstrated by Lily's response?
Ethnocentrism
Fundamental Attribution Error
Just-world phenomenon
In-group bias
When Minh and Aaron are on the same team playing doubles tennis, Minh credits herself for their successes and blames Aaron for their losses. Which of the following best explains Minh's thinking?
Reaction formation
A pessimistic explanatory style
The fundamental attribution error
Self-serving bias
