The total cost of multiple items combined.

The cost for one item or measurement that allows it to be easily compared to other similar products to evaluate which is a better deal.

The price of an item after discounts and promotions are applied.

The average price of items in a specific category.

A technique used to encourage users to share personal information.

A dark pattern where the option to decline an offer is worded to shame the user into compliance.

A method of marketing that relies on positive reinforcement.

A strategy to enhance user experience by simplifying choices.

The tendency to ignore the opinions of authority figures.

The tendency to attribute greater accuracy to the opinion of an authority figure (unrelated to its content) and be more influenced by that opinion.

The tendency to rely solely on personal experience rather than expert advice.

The tendency to question the validity of all opinions regardless of the source.

Additional charges added on to the cost of a good or service that a consumer may not necessarily be aware of at the time of purchase.

Discounts offered to consumers at the point of sale.

Fees that are clearly stated before the purchase is made.

Charges that are refunded after the purchase is completed.

A marketing strategy that encourages users to share products with friends.

A dark pattern in which a product asks for your email or social media permissions and then sends messages to all of your contacts pretending to be you.

A method of sending unsolicited messages to random users online.

A technique used to gain followers on social media by spamming posts.

A global network of community-based groups that encourages giving (or recycling) consumer goods and services instead of buying them.

A commercial initiative aimed at promoting consumerism and shopping.

A government program that provides financial assistance for purchasing goods.

A social media campaign focused on advertising new products.

A marketing strategy that offers discounts on products.

A dark pattern where checkboxes for product, service, or shipping upgrades are ticked off by default, causing the user to pay higher-than-advertised prices.

A method of improving user experience by simplifying choices.

A technique used to enhance product visibility on e-commerce platforms.

A type of scam in which personal information is requested, typically through an illegitimate email.

A legitimate request for personal information from a trusted source.

A method of securing personal information through encryption.

A type of online shopping fraud involving fake websites.

A type of scam involving fake online relationships to extract money.

A legitimate online dating service.

A method of promoting romantic novels online.

A type of investment scam targeting couples.

A method where a website adds an item to your basket without your consent, often using an opt-out option.

A promotional strategy where users are encouraged to add more items to their basket for discounts.

A technique to enhance user experience by suggesting items based on previous purchases.

A feature that allows users to save items for later without adding them to the basket.

Ads that are hidden as other kinds of content or navigation in order to get you to click on them.

Ads that are clearly labeled and easy to identify.

Ads that are only shown on social media platforms.

Ads that are displayed in pop-up windows.

The tendency to judge in favor of people and symbols we like.

The tendency to favor information that confirms our existing beliefs.

The tendency to overestimate the likelihood of rare events.

The tendency to prefer immediate rewards over long-term benefits.

Factors such as authority, liking, or scarcity that have an effect on the way we make decisions.

Techniques used to manipulate others' emotions and thoughts.

Strategies for improving personal productivity and time management.

Methods for enhancing communication skills in professional settings.

A legitimate business model focused on product sales.

An illicit business model where profits are based on the investor's ability to recruit other individuals who are enrolled to make payments to their recruiters.

A government-regulated investment strategy.

A non-profit organization that helps individuals find jobs.

The process of comparing various factors for a product or service before making a purchasing decision.

A method of purchasing items without any prior research.

A technique used to buy products in bulk at a discount.

A strategy for impulse buying without consideration of alternatives.

The tendency to return in kind what another has done for us.

The inclination to favor those who are similar to us.

The habit of avoiding conflict in social situations.

The preference for immediate rewards over delayed gratification.

A technique used by retailers to enhance customer experience.

A dark pattern in which a retailer makes it hard for you to compare the price of an item with that of another similar item so you cannot make an informed decision.

A strategy to promote price transparency among competitors.

A method to encourage bulk buying by displaying higher prices for single items.

A marketing strategy that offers a low price to attract customers, then upsells them to a higher price.

A dark pattern that makes you think you are taking a specific action, but a different, undesirable action takes place instead.

A technique used to enhance customer loyalty through rewards programs.

A method of advertising that focuses on emotional appeal rather than factual information.

An amount of money that you pay regularly to receive a service or product.

A one-time payment for a product or service.

A fee charged for late payments on a bill.

A discount offered for bulk purchases.