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SAM-ES-4TH QUARTER

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 1hrs 7mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The name for the average sun-to-earth distance is
a)
A Year
b)
A Light Year
c)
An Astronomical Unit
d)
A Parsec
2.
Which astronomer of antiquity measured the size of the earth?
a)
Aristarchus
b)
Ptolemy
c)
Copernicus
d)
Eratosthenes
3.
Which astronomer of antiquity made elaborate models of an earth-centered universe?
a)
Copernicus
b)
Aristarchus
c)
Ptolemy
d)
Tycho Brahe
4.
Which astronomer of antiquity first applied a telescope to astronomical observation?
a)
Ptolemy
b)
Galileo Galilei
c)
Tycho Brahe
d)
Copernicus
5.
Ancient Greeks believed, the earth to be the centr of the universe. What do we call this model?
a)
Ptolemic System
b)
Geocentric Universe
c)
Heliocentric Universe
d)
Copernican Model
6.
Who first suggested that earth rotated on its axis?
a)
Tycho Brahe
b)
Aristarchus
c)
Aristotle
d)
Copernicus
7.
Ancient astronomers used 'epicycles' to explain...?
a)
Retrograde Motion
b)
Constellation Movement
c)
Moon's Phases
d)
Planetary Transits
8.
Tycho Brahe's biggest contribution to astronomy was...?
a)
Accurate Observations of the stars and planets
b)
His telescopic observations
c)
Heliocentric Universe
d)
His Silver Nose
9.
Astronomer Johannes Kepler...
a)
Published Almagest
b)
Invented the first Radio Telescope
c)
Suggested elliptical orbits for the planets
d)
Was made head astronomer for the Church
10.
Ancient astronomers believed the earth did not move because...?
a)
No parallax was observed in stars.
b)
It could explain all planetary motions.
c)
Other models could not explain retrograde motion.
d)
Because it was a First Principle.
11.
Examine the Diagram of the Solar System below. Which of the following astronomers held and promoted this view of the solar system? 
a)
Aristarchus
b)
Ptolemy & Tycho Brahe
c)
Copernicus
d)
Johannes Kepler & Tycho Brahe
12.
What is the following diagram developed by Ptolemy attempting to explain?
a)
How the relative distance of the earth can be determined
b)
Heliocentric model
c)
Geocentric model with stellar parallax
d)
Geocentric model with the retrograde motion of Mars
13.
Which of the following words shows the similarity between Aristarchus and Copernicus?
a)
Geocentric
b)
Heliocentric
c)
Retrograde
d)
Epicycle
14.

Who were the first to determine that the earth, the sun, the moon and the planets all revolved around a central fire, the revolution of the earth around the fire took 24 hours...

a)

The Romans

b)

The Greeks

c)

The Aztecs

d)

The Egyptians

15.

WE UNDERSTAND BY THE CONCEPT OF ASTRONOMY THAT THIS IS:

a)

A BRANCH OF HISTORY THAT SHOWS US THE STARS

b)

A SCIENCE THAT IS IN SPACE WILL UNDERSTAND THE ASTROS

c)

THE SCIENCE THAT STUDIES THE STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF THE STARS, THEIR LOCATION AND THE LAWS OF THEIR MOVEMENTS

d)

A BRANCH OF MATHEMATICS THAT HELP US DETERMINE THE DISTANCE OF THE ASTROS

16.
What did Galileo NOT see?
a)
Mountains on the earth's moon.
b)
Uranus's moons Titania and Oberon.
c)
Jupiter's 4 largest moons.
d)
The phases of Venus.
17.

What view of the universe did Galileo hold?

a)

concentric

b)

geocentric

c)

heliocentric

d)

Ptolemaic

18.

Who banned the writings of Copernicus?

a)

the president

b)

the king

c)

the emperor

d)

the Church

19.

Who determined the size of the Earth using shadows?

a)

Galileo

b)

Ptolemy

c)

Aristotle

d)

Eratosthenes

20.

What did Galileo discover that proved the heliocentric model?

a)

the moons of Jupiter

b)

the rings of Saturn

c)

the phases of Venus

d)

the stars of the zodiac

21.

In the Ptolemaic system, what is the name for a circle centered on an imaginary point at a large distance from Earth?

a)

epicycle

b)

ships disappear from the bottom up as they sail toward the deferent

c)

orbit

d)

ellipse

22.

The Babylonians are credited with developing which of the following?

a)

logic

b)

astrology

c)

algebra

d)

astronomy

23.
Uses mirrors and lenses to focus light rays to make images of objects in space.  
a)
optical telescopes (reflector/refractors)
b)
space probes
c)
radio telescopes
d)
spectroscopes
24.
Receives radio waves emitted from objects in space to produce images
a)
reflector telescope
b)
refractor telescope
c)
radio telescope
d)
spectroscope
25.
Collects light from distant stars and separates that light into bands of different colors
a)
reflector telescope
b)
refractor telescope
c)
radio telescope
d)
spectroscope
26.
Uses visible light to identify information about stars
a)
reflector telescope
b)
refractor telescope
c)
radio telescope
d)
spectroscope
27.
Collects data from places outside of Earth's orbit that would be too dangerous for humans
a)
satellies
b)
space probes
c)
other telescopes
d)
spectroscope
28.
Which of the following is affected by the Earth's atmosphere?
a)
satellies
b)
radio telescopes
c)
space observatories
d)
spectroscope
29.
Telescopes orbit the Earth on these devices so the atmosphere doesn't affect them
a)
refractor telescopes
b)
reflector telescopes
c)
satellites 
d)
space probes
30.
What types of telescopes use radio waves?
a)
refractor telescope
b)
reflector telescope
c)
satellies
d)
radio telescopes
31.
Which parts of the electromagnetic spectrum can be used by telescopes? 
a)
Radio waves
b)
Visible light
c)
Radio and visible light
d)
All parts can be used
32.
The Hubble Telescope is an example of a
a)
space probe
b)
reflector telescope
c)
space observatory 
d)
other telescope
33.
The telescopes that receive long wavelengths from space. 
a)
Space probes
b)
Space satellites
c)
Space landers
d)
Radio 
34.
The best thing about radio telescopes is: 
a)
They can receive data any time of day and in any weather
b)
They can receive very high frequency signals
c)
They receive gamma rays
d)
They can intercept signals between planets 
35.

What is the primary factor that determines the evolution and lifetime of a star?

a)

Its luminosity

b)

Its distance from Earth

c)

Its mass

d)

Its chemical composition

36.

Which phase of stellar evolution is characterized by a star fusing hydrogen into helium in its core?

a)

Red giant

b)

White dwarf

c)

Main sequence

d)

Protostar

37.

What element is primarily produced in the core of a red giant star?

a)

Helium

b)

Carbon

c)

Oxygen

d)

Iron

38.

What type of star is left behind after a supernova explosion if the core remnant is between 1.4 and 3 solar masses?

a)

White dwarf

b)

Neutron star

c)

Black hole

d)

Red dwarf

39.

Which of the following stages comes immediately after the main sequence phase for a sun-like star?

a)

White dwarf

b)

Red giant

c)

Supernova

d)

Neutron star

40.

Which of the following stars is most likely to end its life as a black hole?

a)

A 0.5 solar mass red dwarf

b)

A 1 solar mass sun-like star

c)

A 3 solar mass white dwarf

d)

A 25 solar mass blue supergiant

41.

Stars on the main sequence fuse hydrogen into helium in their cores.

a)

True

b)

False

42.

Supernova explosions always occur when a high-mass star uses up fuel at its core.

a)

True

b)

False

43.

When a Red Giant runs out of fuel, it become a:

a)

Supernova

b)

Nebula

c)

White Dwarf

d)

Main Sequence Star

44.

A blue star has a temperature between:

a)

20,000K - 30,000K

b)

10,000K - 11,000K

c)

20K - 30K

d)

3,000K - 4,000K

45.

What is the force that keeps a main sequence star

from blowing apart?

a)

radiation pressure

b)

electron degeneration pressure

c)

the strong force

d)

magnetism

e)

gravitation

46.

The brightness of a star as seen from Earth is

a)

apparent brightness.

b)

absolute brightness.

c)

parallax.

d)

reflected brightness.

47.

Felix examined several photos of stars. To compare their temperatures, he looked at the colors of the stars. He organized the photos in order from coolest to hottest. Which of these answers shows the correct order?

a)

red, yellow, white, blue

b)

white, blue, yellow, red

c)

yellow, white, blue, red

d)

blue, yellow, white, red

48.

Which of the following statements best relates a star’s color to its surface temperature?

a)

blue stars have a relatively low temperature

b)

red stars have a relatively high temperature

c)

blue-white stars have a relatively low temperature

d)

yellow stars have a relatively low temperature

49.
An object whose gravity is so strong that nothing can escape.
a)
Planetary Nebula
b)
Supernova
c)
Neutron Star
d)
Black Hole
50.

Stars give off heat and light in a process called ___________.

a)

nuclear fusion

b)

supernova

c)

luminosity

d)

spectroscopy

51.

Two stars have the same apparent magnitude as seen from Earth’s surface. Star A is 33 light years away. Star B is 346 light years away. Which of the following statements is true?

a)

Star B is larger than star A.

b)

Star B is more luminous than star A.

c)

The stars have the same absolute magnitude.

d)

Star A has a smaller absolute magnitude.

52.

What characteristic of stars is measured by luminosity?

a)

brightness

b)

size

c)

temperature

d)

distance from Earth

53.

The color of a star depends on its

a)

size.

b)

temperature.

c)

shape.

d)

magnitude.

54.

The brightness of a star in the sky depends on its luminosity and

a)

distance.

b)

size.

c)

color.

d)

gases.

55.

A giant body of hot gases that is held together by gravity and produces its own light is

a)

a planet.

b)

a nebula.

c)

a star.

d)

a comet.

56.

Which color would an extremely hot star be?

a)

orange

b)

yellow

c)

red

d)

blue

57.
Apparent (magnitude) brightness is affected by a star's distance from Earth.
a)
False
b)
True
58.
Which property of a star is the brightness of a star at a standard distance?
a)
Apparent (magnitude) brightness
b)
Absolute (magnitude) brightness
c)
Luminosity
d)
Size of the star
59.
Star R and S both have the same luminosity of 100, if Star S is 10 ly farther from Earth which star has the highest apparent magnitude?
a)
Star R
b)
Star S
c)
Both Star S and R
60.
Star Z and W both have the same luminosity of 100 lux, if Star Z is 10 ly closer to Earth which star has the highest apparent magnitude?
a)
Star W
b)
Star Z
c)
Both Star Z and W
61.
What measurement do we use to measure distances to a star?
a)
Light Day
b)
Light Year
c)
AU
d)
Kilometer
62.

Galaxies are colossal collections of stars, gas & dust held together by _____.

a)

space/time

b)

gravity

c)

black holes

d)

dark matter

63.

The area of the galaxy that has the most dense stars surrounding a supermassive black hole.

a)

Halo region

b)

galactic bulge

c)

galactic disk

d)

spiral density arms

64.

The area where faint, old stars exists that surrounds the disk & bulge.

a)

Halo region

b)

galactic bulge

c)

galactic disk

d)

spiral density regions

65.

Our Sun and solar system are located

a)

near the edge of the Milky Way.

b)

about 2/3 from the center of the Milky Way.

c)

near the middle of the Milky Way.

d)

near the galactic bulge.

66.

The ancient Greeks named the Milky Way after comparing it to

a)

a Greek god.

b)

the candy bar.

c)

a milky white river.

d)

an ancient galaxy that existed a long time ago.

67.

The Milky Way measures ____ light years in length.

a)

26,000

b)

1 million

c)

1000

d)

100 thousand

68.

The Milky Way galaxy is thought to be a(n)

a)

spiral galaxy

b)

barred spiral galaxy.

c)

elliptical galaxy.

d)

irregular galaxy.

69.

Our Sun and solar system lies within the ____ arm of the Milky Way galaxy.

a)

Cygnus

b)

Perseus

c)

Sagittarius

d)

Orion

70.

Astronomers use the period-luminosity of variable stars to help

a)

determine the age of our galaxy.

b)

determine galactic distances.

c)

determine the size of our galaxy.

d)

discover supernovae.

71.

These type of clusters with variable stars orbit the Milky Way and other galaxies.

a)

open clusters

b)

closed clusters

c)

globular clusters

d)

stellar associations

72.

What did we use to find the distance of objects very far away?

a)

OB stars

b)

supernovas

c)

Cepheid variables

73.
What kind of galaxy is this?
a)
Peculiar
b)
Active Galaxy: Quasar
c)
Spiral
d)
Elliptical 
74.
What kind of galaxy is this?
a)
Ring
b)
Irregular
c)
Spiral
d)
Elliptical 
75.
What kind of galaxy is this?
a)
Barred Spiral
b)
Irregular
c)
Spiral
d)
Elliptical 
76.
What does the Big Bang theory suggest?
a)
The universe was just there
b)
The Milky Way is the only solar system
c)
The universe is continually expanding
d)
The universe started as a point and is moving towards each other
77.

What is the closest galaxy to our galaxy?

a)

Milky Way

b)

Andromeda

c)

CX900

d)

Nebular

78.

The vast spherical cloud of old stars surrounding the Milky Way is called ___

a)

the crown of light

b)

the aurora

c)

the corona

d)

the halo

79.

What do you call a group of stars that appears to form a pattern?

a)

Galaxy

b)

Solar System

c)

Constellation

d)

Asteroid Belt

80.
Calculated the size of the Milky Way galaxy and the general location of its center. He also explained that nebulae are located inside the Milky Way, not outside.
a)
Harlow Shapely
b)
Edwin Hubble
c)
William Herschel
d)
George Gamow
81.

What type of radiation in the universe is believed to the residue of the early universe?

a)

cosmic background microwave

b)

infrared rays

c)

radio waves

d)

ultraviolet waves

82.

What force prevents individual galaxies from increasing in size despite the continuous expansion

of the universe?

a)

black hole

b)

dark matter

c)

gravity

d)

redshift

83.

What is the estimated age of the universe?

a)

13.5 billion

b)

13.7 billion

c)

15.8 billion

d)

18.3 billion

84.

Where does the universe originate according to the big bang theory?

a)

cosmic explosion

b)

light elements

c)

nucleosynthesis

d)

singularity

85.

What happens to the brightness of a galaxy that is moving towards the Earth?

a)

increase

b)

decrease

c)

increase in light year

d)

shifted in spectrum

86.

What is a theory?

a)

an educated guess

b)

scientific opinion

c)

validated conclusion

d)

well tested observation

87.

What does the big bang theory explain?

a)

redshift phenomenon

b)

relationship of distance and velocity

c)

the origin of heavenly bodies

d)

the origin of the universe

88.

Who observed galaxies moving away from us?

a)

Hubble

b)

Lemaitre

c)

Penzias

d)

Wilson

89.

What is the central idea of the big bang theory?

a)

All matter in the universe started

at a single point of origin.

b)

As the universe continues to

expand, it will eventually

collapse.

c)

When two or more galaxies

collide, a big bang occurs.

d)

The current universe is at its

original location of the cosmic

explosion.

90.

What evidence support the big bang theory?

a)

The universe is expanding.

b)

The universe is getting smaller.

c)

The universe is NOT moving.

d)

The universe has several cosmic

explosions.

91.

How does the abundance of hydrogen and helium support the Big Bang Theory.

a)

Hydrogen and helium are elements on the Periodic Table

b)

Hydrogen and helium are in the same ratio throughout the universe.

c)

Hydrogen and helium have many current uses today

92.

Which of the following is NOT evidence of the Big Bang Theory?

a)

most galaxies are red-shifted

b)

Comic Microwave Background radiation is everywhere

c)

the universe is gaining matter

d)

the elemental composition of the universe is uniform

93.

Who discovered Cosmic Microwave Background radiation?

a)

Edwin Hubble

b)

Arno Penzias

c)

Robert Wilson

d)

Albert Einstein

94.

How long did it take from the onset of the Big Bang to the formation of an atom (Hydrogen) ?

a)

Less than 1 second

b)

10 seconds

c)

3 minutes

d)

500 million years

95.

What best describes the doppler effect?

a)

An apparent change in frequency of a wave due to the relative motion between a wave source and an observer

b)

When sound changes pitch

c)

When light changes color

d)

An apparent change in the amplitude of a wave due to the relative motion between a wave source and an observer.

96.
What do the color changes on the CMBR map represent?
a)
Density & Temperature Changes
b)
Light & Distance Changes
c)
Both Density & Temperature and Light & Distance Changes
d)
Neither Density & Temperature and Light & Distance Changes
97.
Galaxies that are redshifted are:
a)
actually blue.
b)
really far away.
c)
invisible.
d)
moving away from us.
98.

The Cosmic Background Radiation is:

a)

the remaining energy from the big bang.

b)

incredibly hot.

c)

visible to the human eye.

d)

only located in certain places in the universe.

99.
If a star is being observed from Earth and it's light has shifted towards the blue side of the electromagnetic spectrum it would be...
a)
Moving towards the Earth
b)
Moving away from the Earth
c)
This is a trick question that cannot be answered
d)
It isn't a star, it is a very large blueberry.
100.

The doppler effect is the change in the frequency of waves emitted by a moving object. When the waves being emitted by the object are LIGHT waves, the change in frequency results in a change in __________.

a)

Brightness

b)

Heat

c)

Pitch

d)

Color

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