Korsakoff’s syndrome causes damage to which brain regions?

What is one function of the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC)?

Damage to the primary visual cortex results in:

Personality changes after a prefrontal lobotomy are due to disrupted connections between the PFC and:

Damage to the inferotemporal cortex would most likely cause:

The medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) relays what type of information?

Following bilateral hippocampus removal, H.M. experienced:

Damage to the basolateral amygdala disrupts which pathway and impairs emotional processing?

Broad damage to the primary motor cortex typically results in:

The septal area connects with which structure to regulate spatial learning and aggressive behavior?

Astereognosia is the inability to:

NMDA receptors in the hippocampus are essential for:

The VPM of the thalamus sends what type of information to the somatosensory cortex?

The prefrontal cortex regulates emotion and impulsivity through projections to all of the following EXCEPT:

A 56-year-old man is undergoing epilepsy surgery that targets the CA3 region of his hippocampus. Postoperatively, he struggles with memory recall and shows signs of disrupted hippocampal communication. Which pathway was most likely affected by the procedure?

A patient presents with severe memory loss, including difficulty recalling recent events and an inability to learn new information. Imaging reveals damage to the mammillary bodies and anterior thalamic nucleus. Which condition does this presentation most likely indicate?

A patient with a history of aggressive outbursts is found to have a tumor in the anterior cingulate cortex. What other physiological effect might this tumor cause, based on this region’s known roles?

A patient reports that they are unable to recognize familiar faces, including their own reflection. However, they can describe the features of the face. Damage to which region is most likely responsible for this symptom?

A patient with recent damage to the primary visual cortex cannot see anything in the left half of their visual field in either eye. Which condition best describes this deficit?

After a traumatic injury, a patient begins to exhibit irrational behavior, impulsivity, and emotional instability. Which of the following disruptions is most likely contributing to their symptoms?

A patient is unable to identify common objects by touch when placed in the left hand, despite normal tactile sensation. Where is the lesion likely located?

A researcher is studying a patient with a history of bilateral hippocampal removal. Which of the following is most likely to be observed during memory testing?

A child with facial sensory deficits and loss of taste is found to have a lesion in a thalamic nucleus. Which nucleus is most likely damaged?

Following a head injury, a patient exhibits a flat affect and has difficulty recognizing emotional expressions in others. Imaging reveals damage to the basolateral amygdala. What pathway is most likely disrupted?

The Schaffer collateral pathway transmits signals between which hippocampal regions?

Which structure receives dopaminergic input from the ventral tegmental area (VTA)?

Which of the following is NOT typically associated with symptoms of prefrontal cortex damage?

Which structure relays auditory information from the inferior colliculus to the cortex?

What role do NMDA receptors play in synaptic plasticity?

What visual deficit is caused by a lesion restricted to one quadrant of the primary visual cortex?

Which structure sends projections to both the amygdala and the hypothalamus to regulate emotion?

What condition is characterized by the inability to form new memories but intact long-term memory?

Which structure is most associated with integrating emotional value to sensory input?

What is the primary sensory input received by the VPM of the thalamus?

Which of the following would most likely follow damage to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?

What result would damage to the periaqueductal gray (PAG) have on behavior?

Which of the following is the key relay nucleus for facial somatosensation in the thalamus?