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HML2113 – Week 7 and 8

Total questions: 40

Worksheet time: 3hrs 20mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is a Gram-positive, endospore-forming, obligate anaerobe?

a)

Escherichia coli

b)

Clostridium tetani

c)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

d)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2.

What is the causative agent of tetanus?

a)

Clostridium difficile

b)

Clostridium botulinum

c)

Clostridium tetani

d)

Clostridium perfringens

3.

What symptom is characteristic of tetanus?

a)

Flaccid paralysis

b)

Rash

c)

Lockjaw

d)

Vomiting

4.

Clostridium difficile infection often occurs after:

a)

Surgery

b)

Vaccination

c)

Antibiotic therapy

d)

Travel

5.

What type of paralysis is caused by botulism?

a)

Spastic

b)

Flaccid

c)

Partial

d)

Facial

6.

Which Clostridium species is associated with gas gangrene?

a)

C. botulinum

b)

C. tetani

c)

C. difficile

d)

C. perfringens

7.

What prevents the growth of Clostridium botulinum in sausages?

a)

Salt

b)

Nitrites

c)

Sugar

d)

Alcohol

8.

Which of the following is a method to prevent tetanus?

a)

BCG vaccine

b)

MMR vaccine

c)

DTaP vaccine

d)

Influenza vaccine

9.

What food should infants under 1 year old avoid to prevent botulism?

a)

Milk

b)

Honey

c)

Juice

d)

Bananas

10.

Which test is used to detect lecithinase activity in C. perfringens?

a)

Ziehl-Neelsen test

b)

Nagler test

c)

Catalase test

d)

Coagulase test

11.

What kind of metabolism do Clostridia use?

a)

Aerobic respiration

b)

Fermentative

c)

Phototrophic

d)

Oxidative

12.

Which of the following produces Tetanospasmin?

a)

perfringens

b)

difficile

c)

tetani

d)

botulinum

13.

Which Clostridium species is involved in food poisoning from meat?

a)

C. botulinum

b)

C. tetani

c)

C. perfringens

d)

C. difficile

14.

What is the primary diagnostic method for acid-fast bacilli?

a)

Gram stain

b)

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

c)

Coagulase test

d)

Oxidase test

15.

The waxy cell wall of Mycobacterium contains:

a)

Lipopolysaccharide

b)

Mycolic acid

c)

Peptidoglycan

d)

Teichoic acid

16.

The Mantoux test is used to detect:

a)

Botulism

b)

Tetanus

c)

Tuberculosis

d)

Gangrene

17.

What stain is fluorescent and used for AFB detection?

a)

Gram stain

b)

Malachite green

c)

Auramine stain

d)

Methylene blue

18.

What is the causative agent of leprosy?

a)

M. avium

b)

M. leprae

c)

M. tuberculosis

d)

M. kansasii

19.

Which organism shows serpentine cord formation?

a)

tetani

b)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

c)

S. aureus

d)

E. coli

20.

Which species grows best on Lowenstein-Jensen medium?

a)

botulinum

b)

leprae

c)

tuberculosis

d)

pneumoniae

21.

What is the mode of transmission for M. tuberculosis?

a)

Fecal-oral

b)

Vector-borne

c)

Respiratory droplets

d)

Sexual contact

22.

What is the primary reservoir for M. bovis?

a)

Humans

b)

Soil

c)

Cattle

d)

Birds

23.

What is a characteristic of “Rough, Tough, and Buff” colonies?

a)

S. aureus

b)

M. leprae

c)

M. tuberculosis

d)

C. difficile

24.

In botulism, the toxin blocks the release of:

a)

GABA

b)

Serotonin

c)

Acetylcholine

d)

Histamine

25.

Infant botulism typically occurs due to:

a)

Poor hygiene

b)

Ingestion of spores from honey

c)

Vaccine reaction

d)

C-section

26.

In tuberculosis, granuloma formation is due to:

a)

Bacterial toxins

b)

Macrophage response

c)

Antibody attack

d)

NK cells

27.

Which of the following media is enriched with egg and glycerol?

a)

Blood agar

b)

MacConkey agar

c)

Lowenstein-Jensen medium

d)

Chocolate agar

28.

Miliary TB is best described as:

a)

Eye infection

b)

Systemic spread of TB to multiple organs

c)

Skin form of TB

d)

TB localized in the liver

29.

What is the primary diagnostic method for C. tetani?

a)

Blood culture

b)

Clinical signs

c)

Mantoux test

d)

Chest X-ray

30.

Which organism is linked to nosocomial diarrhea and colitis?

a)

M. leprae

b)

C. difficile

c)

C. perfringens

d)

S. aureus

31.

Which Clostridium species causes tissue necrosis and gas production?

a)

tetani

b)

difficile

c)

perfringens

d)

botulinum

32.

Which test distinguishes MTB from other mycobacteria in BACTEC?

a)

Gram stain

b)

Auramine test

c)

NAP test

d)

ELISA

33.

Mycobacteria are not stained well by Gram stain because of:

a)

Spores

b)

Capsule

c)

Thick waxy cell wall

d)

No peptidoglycan

34.

Which test is a toxin neutralization method used for C. perfringens?

a)

Catalase test

b)

Nagler test

c)

TSI

d)

Oxidase test

35.

The best sample for pulmonary TB diagnosis is:

a)

Blood

b)

Sputum

c)

Urine

d)

Stool

36.

What does the BACTEC culture system detect in TB diagnosis?

a)

Enzyme activity

b)

Radioactive CO₂ production

c)

Gram reaction

d)

Urease levels

37.

What is the role of malachite green in Lowenstein-Jensen medium?

a)

Nutrient

b)

Acid-base indicator

c)

Selective agent against contaminants

d)

Stain

38.

Which mycobacteria group causes infection in immunosuppressed AIDS patients?

a)

MTB complex

b)

M. leprae

c)

MOTT / Avium-intracellulare

d)

M. bovis

39.

Why is M. leprae considered non-cultivable?

a)

Needs high oxygen

b)

Cannot grow on artificial media

c)

Dies in presence of glycerol

d)

Is gram-negative

40.

What does the presence of “caseation” indicate in TB pathology?

a)

Healing phase

b)

Necrosis within granulomas

c)

Blood infection

d)

Resistance to antibiotics

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