A close relationship between two species in which each species provides a benefit.

A relationship where one species benefits while the other is harmed.

A relationship where both species are unaffected by each other.

A relationship where one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.

Permanently frozen soil a few inches below the active soil in tundra biomes.

Soil that is always wet and never freezes.

A type of soil found in desert regions.

Soil that is rich in organic matter and supports dense forests.

A type of fish found in tropical waters.

A limestone island in the sea built by coral animals.

A large underwater volcano.

A type of seaweed that grows in shallow waters.

The variety of species of plants and animals in an ecosystem.

The total number of individuals in a population.

The genetic variation within a species.

The distribution of species across different habitats.

A type of freshwater lake

An aquatic ecosystem where freshwater from rivers mixes with salt water from oceans forming a nutrient trap.

A coastal area where saltwater meets freshwater but does not mix

A deep ocean trench that supports marine life

A biome dominated by tall trees (deciduous and conifers).

A flat area covered with grass and few trees.

A region characterized by extreme temperatures and little precipitation.

A habitat primarily consisting of small shrubs and bushes.

The change in a community in which no ecosystem previously existed.

The gradual process of change in an existing ecosystem.

The immediate response of an ecosystem to a disturbance.

The introduction of new species to an established ecosystem.

The non-living components of an ecosystem.

The living and once living parts of an ecosystem including all of the plants and animals.

The physical environment in which organisms live.

The chemical substances that affect living organisms.

The living components of an ecosystem, such as plants and animals.

The non-living parts of the ecosystem including air, water, rocks, sand, light, and temperature.

The interactions between living organisms in an ecosystem.

The processes that occur within the biosphere.

Area of land covered by water most of the year.

A type of forest that is always dry.

A desert region with little vegetation.

An area of land that is permanently frozen.

Maximum population size an environment can support for a long period of time.

The total number of species in a given area.

The rate at which a population grows over time.

The ability of an environment to recover from disturbances.

Biome that receives very little rainfall per year and has sparse vegetation.

A region characterized by high humidity and dense forests.

An area with abundant water bodies and rich wildlife.

A biome with moderate rainfall and diverse plant life.

A relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of another organism.

A mutual relationship where both organisms benefit.

A relationship where organisms compete for the same resources.

A relationship where organisms live independently without affecting each other.

Species that are native to the ecosystem.

Species that migrate or are introduced into an ecosystem.

Species that are endangered and protected by law.

Species that are only found in one specific location.

A large region characterized by a specific type of climate and certain types of plants and animal communities.

A small area with a unique weather pattern.

A type of animal that lives in a specific habitat.

A geographical area defined by its population density.

A biome characterized by dense forests and high precipitation.

A biome without trees where little vegetation grows in frozen soil; receives very little precipitation.

A desert biome with extreme temperatures and minimal vegetation.

A tropical biome with high biodiversity and abundant rainfall.

All of the organisms living in an area together with their physical environment.

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

The physical environment in which organisms live, including climate and soil.

A community of different species interacting with each other.

The initial stage of ecological succession.

A temporary community that forms after a disturbance.

The final stable community that forms if the land is left undisturbed.

A community that is constantly changing and evolving.

The process of creating a new ecosystem from scratch.

The disturbance of an existing ecosystem.

The gradual change in species composition over time.

The immediate recovery of an ecosystem after a disturbance.