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WorksheetsLIFE 102 ERS #4
Total questions: 26
Worksheet time: 19mins
Which enzyme is responsible for “uncoiling” the DNA to prevent supercoiling?
Helicase
DNA Polymerase I
Topoisomerase
Ligase
If a mutation was to render DNA ligase nonfunctional, which of the following effects would you expect?
Inability to turn Okazaki fragments into a functional DNA strand
Inability to synthesize new DNA strands
Supercoiling of DNA helix leading to strand damage
Inability to break hydrogen bonds to begin replication
The promoter region and termination sequence are used in translation, NOT transcription.
True
False
Chargaff’s rules state that:
%A = % T
%C = %G
%A = %C
%G = %T
%A = %G
%C = %T
The central dogma describes the process of going from _______ to _________ via ________
mRNA, DNA, translation
DNA, mRNA, transcription
Amino acids, mRNA, translation
Template strand, coding strand, replication
Which of the following most correctly describes translation?
Translation occurs ONLY in the nucleus
Translation is facilitated by ribosomes and takes place in the cytoplasm
Translation results in mRNA
Translation is facilitated by the ER and occurs in the nucleus
T or F: A virus is an infectious cell that can replicate within a host cell
True
False
What is a bacteriophage?
A type of white blood cell that destroys bacteria
A virus that infects and replicates within bacteria
A protein produced by bacteria to defend against viruses
A specialized organelle found in bacterial cells
The _____ step in Transcription reads unwound DNA to build mRNA
Termination
Initiation
Prolongation
Which strand is used as a base for making an RNA sequence?
Coding strand
Elongation strand
Template Strand
Termination Strand
tRNA molecules each carry a specific __________ and _________.
Codon, amino acid
Anticodon, amino acid
mRNA, amino acid
mRNA, anticodon
What does it mean for the genetic code to be “redundant”?
More than one anticodon codes for the same amino acid.
More than one codon can code for the same protein.
More than one codon can code for the same amino acid.
More than one amino acid can be coded for by the same codon.
____ mutations have no effect on amino acid produced by a codon.
Nonsense
Missense
Silent
Frameshift
Which of the following produces a frameshift mutation?
An insertion or deletion of 1 nucleotide
Changing an amino acid codon into a stop codon
Replacing one nucleotide with another (eg C -> G)
The full moon
The Lysogenic cycle is when _____ is incorporated into the host cell's chromosomes.
Bacteriophage
Prophage
mRNA
Adenoviruses
The Lysogenic cycle results in cell death, while the Lytic cycle does not
True
False
The lagging strand is synthesized by DNA polymerase 3:
Continuously, 5' - 3'
Discontinuously, 5' - 3'
Continuously, 3' - 5'
Only once ligase has stitched up the leading strand
During post-transcriptional modification, _______ are removed while _____ stay in the mRNA strand.
Polymerases; helicases
Exons; introns
Introns; exons
Cytosines; adenines
The ____________ is added to the 3' end of mRNA to preserve gene content once the strand leaves the nucleus.
3' cap
5' cap
Poly-A tail
EVIL SHADOW SKULL
To make a bunch of copies of a single gene, scientists use:
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
Plasmids
Gel electrophoresis
DNA sequencing
Any gene from any organism can be transferred into another organism using biotechnology.
True
False
Viruses are specific to particular ____ and _____ (but they can mutate and evolve!)
Species, receptors
Environments, phenotypes
Times, places
Organisms, cells
Retroviruses 'hijack' cell machinery, allowing their genetic information to flow from
DNA -> RNA
RNA -> DNA
protein -> RNA
protein -> DNA
A prion is:
A misfolded protein that gets stuck in the brain
A retrovirus
A misfolded protein capable of causing other proteins to misfold that same way
A virus
Viruses have all of the following EXCEPT:
DNA or RNA
A protein coat or a nuclear envelope
Ribosomes
AAGCTTACG --> ATAGCTTACG
This demonstrates which type of mutation?
Frameshift
deletion
point
missense
