Random Variable

Independent Variable

Uncontrolled Group

Variable Constant

To change the outcome of the experiment

To ensure that only the independent variable affects the dependent variable

To vary the results randomly

To act as the main focus of the experiment

Conducting a controlled experiment

Making an observation

Creating a hypothesis

Analyzing data

A proven fact

A testable prediction

A random guess

An untestable theory

To prove the hypothesis

To develop a good, educated hypothesis

To avoid conducting the experiment

To finalize the results

To test multiple hypotheses at once

To specifically test whether a hypothesis is correct

To avoid testing the hypothesis

To gather random data

The goldfish is hungry.

The new water is warmer than the old water.

The change in behavior is tied to a change in respiration rate.

The goldfish is sick.

By counting the number of times the fish swims.

By measuring the fish's heartbeat.

By counting how many times its operculum flaps open each minute.

By observing the fish's color change.

10°C

15°C

20°C

25°C

3

4

5

6

To determine the size of the fish

To measure the change in respiration rate (ΔRR) for each fish

To find the fastest swimming fish

To calculate the weight of the fish

10°C

15°C

22°C

30°C

-15 breaths/min

-10 breaths/min

0 breaths/min

+15 breaths/min

10°C

15°C

25°C

30°C

It decreases by 15 breaths/min

It remains the same

It increases by 15 breaths/min

It decreases by 10 breaths/min

It increased

It decreased

It remained the same

It fluctuated

It decreased

It remained the same

It increased

It fluctuated

It is the variable that is predicted to change in response to another variable.

It is the variable that the experimenter controls and changes between different groups.

It is the variable that remains constant throughout the experiment.

It is the variable that is not measured in the experiment.

The control group

The independent variable

The constant variable

The experimental error

The change in respiration rate

The size of the goldfish

The changes in water temperature

The amount of food given

The change in respiration rate

The size of the goldfish

The changes in water temperature

The amount of light exposure

Variables that are changed to test a hypothesis

Variables that are kept identical between all groups

Variables that are measured as a result of the experiment

Variables that are ignored during the experiment

Fish species

Size of the fish

Original temperature

Change in respiration rates

They help to change the outcome of the experiment

They ensure that the experiment is biased

They allow the experiment to be repeated with different results

They ensure that the results are due to the variable being tested

To receive the independent variable

To provide a baseline for comparison

To ensure the experiment is unbiased

To control the dependent variable

Fish in 10°C, 15°C, 25°C, and 30°C bowls

Fish in 20°C bowl

Fish in 25°C and 30°C bowls

Fish in 10°C and 15°C bowls

It receives the independent variable

It provides a baseline to see if the independent variable has an effect

It ensures the experiment is conducted twice

It changes the dependent variable

They receive the independent variable.

They do not receive any additional treatment expected to have an effect.

They receive a placebo.

They are different from the experimental groups.

To ensure the experimental setup is working properly.

To introduce a new variable.

To eliminate all variables.

To receive no treatment.

Positive Control Groups do not receive any treatment.

Positive Control Groups receive an additional treatment known to produce an effect.

Positive Control Groups are identical to Negative Control Groups.

Positive Control Groups eliminate the independent variable.

A group that receives a treatment known to produce an effect

A group that receives no treatment or a placebo

A group that receives a higher dose of the treatment

A group that receives a different treatment than the experimental group

A seventh fish

A larger bowl

Caffeine dissolved in the water

A different species of fish

To ensure the experimental setup is functioning correctly

To increase the sample size

To reduce the cost of the experiment

To eliminate all variables

Testable, includes independent & dependent variables, makes a specific prediction

Vague, includes only independent variables, makes no prediction

Testable, includes only dependent variables, makes a general prediction

Not testable, includes independent & dependent variables, makes a specific prediction

When-then

If-then

Because-therefore

Since-until

It is not testable, includes independent variables, and is specific

It is testable, includes independent & dependent variables, and is specific

It is testable, includes only dependent variables, and is not specific

It is not testable, includes independent & dependent variables, and is not specific

To display data visually

To record and organize important data

To identify patterns between variables

To summarize data

To record data

To identify patterns or trends between variables

To perform calculations

To write a report

Bar Graph

Histogram

Scatter Plot

Venn Diagram

To show trends over time

To divide data into categorical groups

To display continuous data

To represent geographical data

Temperature changes

Number of siblings

Distance traveled

Speed of a car

Time intervals

Categories

Continuous data

Geographical locations

Only vertically

Only horizontally

Vertically or horizontally

Diagonally

The average of outcomes

The distribution or frequency of outcomes

The median of outcomes

The mode of outcomes

Discrete variables

Categorical variables

Continuous variables

Binary variables

Number of students in a class

Score on a test

Type of car

Brand of phone

The ranges of data

The color of the bars

The type of data

The title of the graph

Histograms have gaps between bars

Histograms have touching bars

Histograms use different colors for each bar

Histograms have a circular shape

To show the distribution of data points in a summarized way

To display individual data points

To calculate the mean of a data set

To show only the maximum and minimum values

Mean

Mode

Median (Q2)

Range

To compare data sets

To find the average of a data set

To list all data points

To calculate standard deviation

Calculate the mean of the data set

Determine the five-number summary

Find the mode of the data set

Draw the whiskers

The largest value

The middle value

The smallest value

The average value

It is the smallest value

It is the largest value

It is the mean of the two middle numbers

It is the first number in the set

The median of the entire data set

The median of the numbers to the left of the median

The maximum value in the data set

The median of the numbers to the right of the median

The minimum value in the data set

The median of the entire data set

The median of the numbers to the right of the median

The average of the data set

To show the overall relationship between two variables

To display categorical data

To connect data points with lines

To show the frequency of data points

On the y-axis

On the x-axis

On both axes

On neither axis

To connect all data points

To show a trend between two variables

To highlight the highest data point

To separate data into categories

Curved line

Linear line

Dashed line

Exponential line

A colorful background

A descriptive title

A 3D effect

A legend with symbols

To make the graph look complex

To include units if applicable

To add more colors

To make it 3D

A dotted line

A proper line of best fit

A zigzag line

A curved line

They must be scaled the same

They do not have to be scaled the same

They should be in different colors

They should be labeled with letters

To display trends over time

To compare categorical groups proportionally

To show geographical data

To illustrate linear relationships

As a whole number

As a fraction or percentage of the total

As a decimal

As a ratio

To show the relationship between two categorical variables

To track changes over time

To display data in a circular format

To compare parts of a whole

The variable being measured

The time

The overall relationship

The number of categories

To show an overall relationship

To see individual changes from point to point

To display data in a bar format

To represent categorical data

To connect all the data points

To find the average of the data points

To show the trend of the data

To highlight the highest data point

It should pass through all the data points

It should have an equal number of points above and below

It should only pass through the highest point

It should be parallel to the x-axis

It should remain a solid line

It should become a dotted line

It should curve upwards

It should be erased

To create new scientific theories

To analyze experimental data and measure support for hypotheses

To replace scientific experiments

To eliminate the need for data collection

The exact value of a population parameter

How much data from a sample group deviates from the actual population

The total number of samples in an experiment

The average value of a sample group

To determine the tallest student in the class

To see how well the sample group represents the average height of the actual population

To find the exact height of every junior at BHS

To compare the height of juniors with seniors

The data accurately represents the entire population.

There is little variation in the data collected from the sample group.

The data does not very accurately represent the entire population.

The sample size is very large.

There is a lot of variation in the data.

The data does not represent the entire population.

There is little variation in the data.

The sample size is very small.

$$\bar{x} = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i$$

$$\bar{x} = \frac{n}{\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i}$$

$$\bar{x} = \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i$$

$$\bar{x} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i}{n-1}$$

$$s = \sqrt{\frac{\sum (x_i - \bar{x})^2}{n-1}}$$

$$s = \frac{\sum (x_i - \bar{x})^2}{n}$$

$$s = \frac{\sum (x_i - \bar{x})}{n-1}$$

$$s = \sqrt{\frac{\sum (x_i - \bar{x})^2}{n}}$$

Sample mean

Sample size

Standard deviation

Degrees of freedom

$$SE_{\bar{x}} = \frac{s}{\sqrt{n}}$$

$$SE_{\bar{x}} = \frac{\sqrt{n}}{s}$$

$$SE_{\bar{x}} = \frac{s}{n}$$

$$SE_{\bar{x}} = \frac{n}{s}$$

$$\chi^2 = \sum \frac{(o - e)^2}{e}$$

$$\chi^2 = \sum \frac{(o + e)^2}{e}$$

$$\chi^2 = \sum \frac{(o - e)^2}{o}$$

$$\chi^2 = \sum \frac{(o + e)^2}{o}$$

The data must be collected from a large sample size.

The data must be statistically significant.

The data must be collected over a long period.

The data must be from a controlled experiment.

The averages of the two groups should overlap.

The averages of the two groups should not overlap.

The averages should be equal.

The averages should be less than the standard error.

To show the mean value of the data.

To indicate the range of data.

To provide a visual representation of variability.

To highlight the maximum and minimum values.

50% certainty of the data's accuracy.

75% certainty of the data's accuracy.

95% certainty that the difference is real and not due to chance.

100% certainty of the data's accuracy.

20 cm

30 cm

27 cm

21 cm

2

2.5

1.5

0.5

By adding and subtracting 2 from the average

By adding and subtracting 4 from the average

By adding and subtracting 1 from the average

By adding and subtracting 3 from the average

18 and 22

16 and 24

15 and 25

17 and 23