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WorksheetsAP AAS Unit 2 Review
Total questions: 120
Worksheet time: 1hrs 18mins
A form of forced and unpaid labor of Natives used by Spanish leaders
conquistadors
mestizos
encomienda system
Middle Passage
This refers to the stage of triangular trade in which slaves were transported to the New World
conquistador
mestizo
encomienda system
Middle Passage
The three sided trade of goods and slaves between Europe, Africa, and the New World
Triangular Trade
Columbian Exchange
The "pen" or "cell" where they kept enslaved Africans when they arrived in the Americas
Prison
Barracoon
Repatriation
Jail
Who were the first inhabitants of Jamaica?
Indians
Europeans
Tainos
Elmina Castle
A fortress in Ghana built by the Portuguese as a trading post in 1482.
A fortress in Ethiopia built by the Portuguese as a trading post in 1482.
A fortress in Senegal built by the Germans as a trading post in 1782.
The home of the British Monarchy in India.
Latinized blacks who were born or raised in Spain, Portugal or these nations' Atlantic or American colonies and who spoke fluent Spanish or Portuguese.
Asiento
Ladinos
Bozales
Hispanics
One of the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean:
Cherokee
The aboriginal inhabitants of the Canary Islands.
Ladinos
Biloboes
Guanches
A group of prisoners, animals or slaves chained together in a line:
Asiento
Boazles
Ladinos
Coffle
What was the term the Spanish used to describe recently imported enslaved Africans?
Asiento
Bozales
Guanchos
Ladinos
Iron hand and leg cuffs used to shackle slaves.
Bilboes
Amistad
Barracoons
Encomienda
A contract or trade agreement created by the Spanish crown was called:
Asiento
Encomienda
Ladinos
Bilboes
Which European country was the first to lead the way in the Transatlantic Slave Trade?
Portugal
Spain
Britain
France
What percentage of kidnapped Africans died on the ships going to the Americas?
10%
20%
30%
50%
Which of the following was a major reason for the flow of the transatlantic slave trade shown on the map?
The economic demands of the plantation system
The construction needs of the railroad
Increased textile manufacturing
Increased western migration
How were the conditions of the slave boats during the Middle Passage?
The lodgings were clean and sanitary for the slaves
The slaves were well fed and clothed
The conditions were dirty and unsanitary for the slaves
All of the above
Owning of human beings as property able to be bought, sold, given, and inherited, is known as.....
Mercantilism
Free trade
Chattel slavery
To keep the African captives alive and healthy, they were forced to...
pray & worship
rest & sleep
dance & jump around
One of the most famous slave ship rebellions occurred on the...
Santa Maria
Amistad
Nina
(1745-1797) African who sold into slavery and brought his way out-kidnapped as a boy from home he was sold into slavery and sold into slavery and sold amongst slave traders many times and lived in England. Wrote a book.
Amistad Rebellion
Revolt
captor
Olaudah Equiano
The middle passage was apart of what trading system
Triangular Trade
African Trade
Square Trade
Gold Mine Trade
The map shows that the most common destination(s) in the Americas for West African slaves was(were)
British North America and the United States.
the Caribbean and Brazil.
Mexico
Peru
In Egypt and Mesopotamia, relief figures were often carved in
terra-cotta
the black-figure style
registers
caldaria
The relief carving shown can be attributed to the Amarna style because it depicts the
veneration of the sun god Aten by the pharaoh and his family
judgment of the pharaoh’s soul before Osiris, the god of the underworld
pharaoh and his wife receiving a law code from the god Shamash
pharaoh’s celebration of the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
The form of the columns in the hypostyle hall was intended to recall the
dense clusters of papyrus reeds on the Nile
statuesque figures of the pharaoh and his family
palm trees that grow near desert oases
celestial rays that emanate from the crown of Amun-Re
The work shown can be identified as an ancient Sumerian sculpture because of which of the following visual characteristics?
Rigid frontality with clasped hands
Truncated body with naturalistic facial features
Ideal male form with wide, staring eyes
Contrapposto pose inscribed with cuneiform
Which of the following statements is true of both the Standard of Ur from the Royal Tombs at Ur and the Palette of King Narmer?
They portray dynastic succession.
They celebrate military victory.
They designate the king as a sun god.
They depict an enemy’s military banner.
In the geographical region, the evolution in form from earlier tombs to the architectural complex shown most likely resulted from a desire to
emulate the monumental tombs of foreign rulers
innovate by using new materials to ease the process of creating such buildings
provide space for an army to protect the ruler in the afterlife
heighten the symbolic association with the Sun
The work was made in
Egypt
Assyria
Persia
Mycenae
The work shown can be attributed to which of the following ancient Mediterranean cultures?
Egyptian
Neo-Assyrian
Greek
Etruscan
The inscribed text outlines
rituals in preparation for the afterlife
laws governing crime and punishment
historical accounts of military triumphs
ceremonial prayers to the gods
The visual organization of the work is meant to suggest a
solemn procession as part of a civic ceremony
sequence of successive events in an important narrative
contrast between orderly control and chaotic drama
strict hierarchy between the relative importance of the figures
In its original function, the work is most similar to the
Palette of King Narmer
Great Pyramids (Menkaura, Khafre, Khufu) and Great Sphinx
Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall
sculpture of Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters
The work serves to legitimize the
invasion of neighboring city-states
king's right to rule
institution of monotheism
authority of the priests
The work is
Sumerian
Babylonian
Akkadian
Assyrian
The work employs
hierarchical scale
continuous narrative
one-point perspective
aniconic representation
In the work shown, features of different animals were combined for the purpose of creating
a symbolic representation of a kingdom that was made through uniting separate realms
an imposing mythical creature that was meant to safeguard the entrance to a royal complex
the personification of a multifaceted deity to be placed inside the shrine of a temple complex
the symbolic portrait of a king as protector and defender of stability in the realm
What was the role of enslaved Africans in the resistance against forced relocation during the Second Seminole War?
They resisted alongside Indigenous groups like the Seminoles
They helped in the negotiation of treaties
They provided food and supplies to the U.S. military
They were leaders in the American Colonization Society
Why did some African Americans reject the term "African" in the early 19th century?
It was linked to the American Colonization Society’s goal of repatriating African Americans to Africa
It was too closely associated with slavery
It suggested that African Americans were not true citizens of the U.S.
It was seen as a term for enslaved people only
What was the significance of the 1740 South Carolina Slave Code?
It encouraged enslaved people to join the abolitionist movement
It allowed enslaved Africans to own property
It restricted the rights and movements of enslaved Africans, following the Stono Rebellion
It declared enslaved people free if they escaped to the North
How did the American Colonization Society affect African American identity?
It promoted the idea of African Americans staying in the U.S. and fighting for equality
It pushed for the establishment of independent Black states within the U.S.
It attempted to send free African Americans to Africa, encouraging them to adopt African identity
It rejected any notion of African American identity by associating them solely with Africa
What role did maroons play in African American resistance during the 18th and 19th centuries?
They fought alongside the U.S. military against Indigenous groups
They formed independent communities and resisted slavery through uprisings and escapes
They worked as spies for slaveholders
They advocated for gradual emancipation through legal means
What was the primary effect of partus sequitur ventrem on the system of slavery in the U.S.?
It ensured enslaved people would receive rights as citizens of the U.S.
It determined that the status of a child followed that of the mother, perpetuating slavery
It allowed enslaved people to inherit property from their owners
It provided a legal basis for the emancipation of enslaved people
What impact did the Stono Rebellion of 1739 have on laws in the southern colonies?
It led to the immediate abolition of slavery in South Carolina
It prompted harsher laws, such as the South Carolina Slave Code, to control enslaved people
It resulted in the establishment of the first free Black town in the U.S.
It inspired the creation of the Underground Railroad
Why did African Americans in the 19th century increasingly identify as "American" rather than "African"?
They felt that African identity was a threat to their freedom in the U.S.
They saw themselves as fully integrated into American society despite the oppression they faced
They rejected African cultural practices in favor of European customs
They wanted to support the American Colonization Society's plan to move to Africa
How did the practice of enslaving African Americans by Indigenous nations impact African American identity?
It helped African Americans integrate into Indigenous communities by adopting Indigenous traditions
It created divisions within African American communities, as some rejected Indigenous ties
It encouraged African Americans to adopt European cultural norms
It had no impact on African American identity
What was the significance of the Arkansas Petition for Freedmen’s Rights of 1869?
It requested that the U.S. government allow African Americans to return to Africa
It asked Congress to ensure land and citizenship for African Americans in Indigenous territories
It called for the abolition of the Fugitive Slave Act
It advocated for the immediate emancipation of all enslaved people in the South
What did the term “Ladino” refer to in the context of the transatlantic slave trade?
A specific group of enslaved Africans who refused to integrate into American society
Africans who were familiar with both African and European cultures, often acting as intermediaries
A language spoken by African Americans in the Caribbean
Why did African Americans embrace terms like "Colored" and "Negro" in the early 19th century?
They wanted to highlight their African roots
They sought a common identity as a group, distinct from European Americans
They were pressured by European Americans to accept these labels
They used these terms as a form of resistance against the American Colonization Society
How did African American naming practices serve as a form of resistance?
By rejecting European names, they asserted their independence and cultural pride
They adopted European names to blend into mainstream society
They used names that reflected their desire to return to Africa
They only used names that came from the Bible
What was the purpose of spirituals among enslaved Africans?
To promote European religious practices
To entertain enslaved people during work hours
To convey hope, preserve African traditions, and sometimes communicate plans for escape
To spread political messages to enslavers
How did African Americans view the use of the term “African” by the 1820s?
They embraced it as a unifying identity
They rejected it because it was linked to the American Colonization Society’s efforts to send African Americans to Africa
They accepted it as a symbol of strength and unity
They used it as a way to challenge European American dominance
Why did the concept of "double consciousness" become central to African American identity?
It described the internal conflict of being both African and European at the same time
It promoted the idea of assimilation into European American culture
It allowed African Americans to ignore the racial struggles they faced
It led to the rejection of African heritage in favor of American identity
What was the impact of the American Colonization Society’s plan on African American identity?
It encouraged African Americans to embrace a dual identity as both African and American
It promoted the idea of African Americans leaving the U.S. for Africa to create new colonies
What role did enslaved Africans play in the resistance against their captors on slave ships?
They quietly accepted their fate
They staged revolts, jumped overboard, or engaged in hunger strikes
They tried to blend in with European captains to avoid punishment
They assisted the crew by working aboard the ship
Why did the adoption of slave codes by Indigenous nations like the Cherokee and Choctaw impact African American identity?
It helped African Americans integrate into Indigenous communities
It reinforced the idea that African Americans could be enslaved by anyone, regardless of race
It led to the acceptance of African American leaders within Indigenous communities
It created alliances between African Americans and Indigenous nations
How did African American leaders in the 19th century use the term “American” to claim their rights?
They rejected the term 'African American' because it was too European
They argued that, like white Americans, they were born in the U.S. and should have equal rights
They embraced the term “American” to unite with Indigenous nations
They wanted to distance themselves from African culture to assimilate into European American society
What was the primary purpose of the Stono Rebellion of 1739?
To fight against the British military
To escape slavery and seek freedom in Spanish Florida
To protest the Emancipation Proclamation
To demand better working conditions for enslaved people
Which law made slavery hereditary and reinforced racial slavery in the U.S.?
The Fugitive Slave Act
Partus sequitur ventrem
The Dred Scott Decision
The Missouri Compromise
Why was the term "colored" widely used by African Americans in the 19th century?
It reflected pride in African heritage
It was the only accepted legal term for free Black people
It was used to distinguish African Americans from Indigenous peoples and whites
It was promoted by abolitionists for unity
How did African American spirituals function as a form of resistance?
They openly criticized slavery to white audiences
They provided coded messages about escape routes and survival
They were used to entertain enslavers
They promoted European religious ideals
What was the significance of Fort Mose in African American history?
It was a free Black settlement that resisted colonial oppression
It was the site of a major slave rebellion
It was the first Black-majority town in the U.S.
It was a meeting place for abolitionists
Which of the following best describes the cultural practices of enslaved Africans in the U.S.?
They abandoned all African traditions to integrate into European American culture
They created new cultural forms that blended African, European, and Indigenous traditions
They strictly maintained African traditions without adopting anything from Europeans
They only used European languages and customs
How did the concept of race evolve in the American colonies?
It became tied to social status, with laws defining who was enslaved based on skin color
It was originally based on economic class, not skin color
It was purely based on nationality and origin
It was not a factor in colonial society until the 19th century
What was the role of maroon communities in the 18th century?
They created alliances with the U.S. military against Indigenous nations
They served as a form of resistance by escaping slavery and establishing independent communities
They were religious centers for enslaved African Americans
They supported the efforts of the American Colonization Society
What impact did the Haitian Revolution have on enslaved people in the U.S.?
It had no impact on enslaved Africans in the U.S.
It inspired enslaved people to resist and fueled fears of rebellion among slaveholders
How did African Americans use naming as a form of resistance during slavery?
They used their European names to blend into white society
They rejected names assigned by their enslavers and adopted names of their own choosing
They only used their first names to keep their identities hidden
They embraced names based on European aristocratic titles
What was the significance of the Arkansas Petition for Freedmen’s Rights of 1869?
It sought to grant African Americans equal rights and land in the U.S.
It called for the relocation of African Americans to Africa
It requested that African Americans in Indigenous nations receive rights and land
It demanded the immediate end to slavery in U.S. territories
Why did many African Americans reject the term "African" in the 19th century?
It was associated with their forced migration to the U.S.
It was seen as a reminder of the American Colonization Society’s efforts to send them back to Africa
It was tied to the idea of racial inferiority
It was considered a foreign term that didn’t reflect their American identity
What was the purpose of slave codes in colonial America?
To encourage enslaved people to fight for freedom
To maintain control over enslaved people by regulating their lives and movement
To offer enslaved people legal protection and rights
To help enslaved people earn wages for their labor
What was the role of Black interpreters and Atlantic Creoles in early U.S. history?
They helped enslaved people escape to freedom
They acted as intermediaries between Europeans, Africans, and Indigenous peoples
They worked as enslaved people on plantations
They were leaders in the abolitionist movement
What was the primary effect of the Dred Scott decision in 1857?
It granted citizenship to all African Americans
It declared that enslaved African Americans could not be U.S. citizens
It abolished slavery in the U.S.
It made all free African Americans subject to the same laws as enslaved people
How did the adoption of the term "Negro" affect African Americans in the early 20th century?
How did African Americans in the 19th century use religious practices like spirituals as a form of resistance?
It was rejected as a term of oppression
It was embraced as a term of empowerment and unity
It was used only by enslaved people
It led to African Americans being denied equal rights
Why did African Americans in the 19th century use religious practices like spirituals as a form of resistance?
They wanted to convert Europeans to Christianity
They wanted to entertain enslavers
They preserved African cultural practices and conveyed messages of hope and rebellion
They sought to create a unified Christian society
How did the U.S. government’s policies regarding Indigenous removal impact enslaved African Americans?
It freed enslaved African Americans who were living in Indigenous territories
It caused enslaved African Americans to be forcibly relocated with their enslavers during the Trail of Tears
It led to the establishment of free Black communities in the West
It had no impact on African Americans living in the U.S.
What role did African Americans play in the Seminole Wars?
They fought for the U.S. government against Indigenous groups
They allied with the Seminoles to resist U.S. relocation policies
They provided food and supplies to the U.S. military
They served as spies for the U.S. government
Why did African Americans in the 19th century identify as 'Afric-American' rather than 'African'?
They wanted to assert their citizenship as Americans, not Africans
They were encouraged by the American Colonization Society to identify as Africans
They rejected their African heritage entirely
They wanted to avoid any connection to slavery
“Throughout its history, Central Asia has provided the ancient civilized empires on its borders with new Shahs, Sultans, or Sons of Heaven. These periodic invasions by the nomads of the steppe, whose khans ascended the thrones of Changan, Luoyang, Kaifeng, or Beijing*, of Isfahan or Tabriz**, Delhi or Constantinople, became one of the geographic laws of history. But there was another, opposing law which brought about the slow absorption of the invaders by the ancient civilized lands. The civilizations of China and Persia, though conquered, would in the long run vanquish their conquerors, intoxicating them with the pleasures of settled life, lulling them to sleep, and assimilating them culturally. Often, only fifty years after a conquest, the culturally Sinicized or Persianized former barbarian would be the first to stand guard over his adopted civilization and protect it against fresh nomadic onslaughts.”
*capital cities of various Chinese dynasties
**capital cities of various Persian dynasties
René Grousset, French historian of Central Asia, The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia, 1939
Which of the following demonstrates the assimilation of nomadic conquerors into conquered societies during the period circa 1250–1450 ?
The rulers of the Mali Empire converting to Islam through the influence of North African merchants and missionaries
The rulers of the Yuan dynasty adopting Chinese court culture and methods of rule
Trading states in Southeast Asia such as the Khmer and Srivijaya empires adopting syncretic Hindu-Buddhist practices
Chinese, Persian, and Indian artisans expanding their output because of a rising demand for luxury goods in Afro-Eurasia
Which of the following developments in the period circa 1250–1450 represents a situation that did not lead to conquerors assimilating into the cultures of the conquered societies?
Invading armies establishing and maintaining a separate community, as illustrated by the European crusader kingdoms in the Middle East
Merchants establishing diasporic communities and introducing their own traditions into the indigenous cultures, as illustrated by South Asian Muslim merchants spreading Islam to the islands of Southeast Asia
Settled societies successfully resisting nomadic encroachments, as illustrated by the Mamluks of Egypt defeating the Mongols or Muscovy expelling the Golden Horde from Russia
Conquering states fragmenting into several units because of political and social friction, as illustrated by the breakup of the Mongol Empire into individual khanates
“[Between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries] . . . Muslim maritime traders from Egypt sought goods coming from China and Southeast Asia [and] purchased these items on India’s southwestern coast. . . . Sea voyages between Egypt and India were still dangerous and still involved long voyages, as well as long stays in harbors where they waited, sometimes for several months, for the winds to shift direction. . . .
To protect themselves, Muslim merchants organized karim, convoyed merchant fleets. The rulers of Egypt began providing an armed escort for the fleets and succeeded in making the trade between the Red Sea and India a government-protected, regularly accomplished endeavor.
The karim merchants were organized in large family firms with substantial assets and clients in markets all over the trading networks. In the Indian Ocean trade, Muslim traders not only dealt with other Muslims, but also Hindus, Zoroastrians, Christians, and Jews. Traders of various religious backgrounds boarded the same ships or stayed in the same caravanserai. In Egypt, many Jewish traders actually operated their businesses within the framework of Muslim business networks.”
Xinru Liu and Lynda Norene Shaffer, historians, Connections across Eurasia, published in 2007
Based on the pattern of trade described in the third paragraph, the Egyptian karim merchants were most likely directly involved in which of the following broader developments in the Indian Ocean in the period circa 1200–1450 ?
The establishment of diasporic merchant communities
The transfer of European scientific knowledge to South Asia
The creation of new monotheistic religions
The introduction of new financial innovations such as paper money
“[Between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries] . . . Muslim maritime traders from Egypt sought goods coming from China and Southeast Asia [and] purchased these items on India’s southwestern coast. . . . Sea voyages between Egypt and India were still dangerous and still involved long voyages, as well as long stays in harbors where they waited, sometimes for several months, for the winds to shift direction. . . .
To protect themselves, Muslim merchants organized karim, convoyed merchant fleets. The rulers of Egypt began providing an armed escort for the fleets and succeeded in making the trade between the Red Sea and India a government-protected, regularly accomplished endeavor.
The karim merchants were organized in large family firms with substantial assets and clients in markets all over the trading networks. In the Indian Ocean trade, Muslim traders not only dealt with other Muslims, but also Hindus, Zoroastrians, Christians, and Jews. Traders of various religious backgrounds boarded the same ships or stayed in the same caravanserai. In Egypt, many Jewish traders actually operated their businesses within the framework of Muslim business networks.”
Xinru Liu and Lynda Norene Shaffer, historians, Connections across Eurasia, published in 2007
The pattern of trade described in the passage was most characteristic of which of the following types of goods in the period 1200–1450 ?
Daily food staples such as bread or milk
Bulk commodities such as grain or coal
Luxury goods such as spices or porcelain
Livestock such as pigs or cattle
The spread of Islam into sub-Saharan West Africa in the period circa 1200–1450 was mostly a result of the conversion of the rulers of which of the following states?
Mamluk Egypt
The Mongol khanates
The Ming dynasty
The Mali Empire
In the period circa 1200–1450, which of the following most directly enabled merchants to bring salt and other bulk products to markets in sub-Saharan Africa?
The diffusion of new maritime technologies such as the lateen sail
The adoption of innovative practices in overland trading, such as the use of camel caravans and saddles
The transfer of East Asian technologies to western Afro-Eurasia during the period of Pax Mongolica
The shared use of the Arabic language and common practice of Islam by both North African and sub-Saharan merchant communities
“On several occasions, Ghazan Khan* went to the observatory at Maragha** and watched the Muslim, Christian, and Chinese astronomers make their observations. He looked at all the operations and instruments, studied them, and asked about their procedures, which he understood in spite of their difficulty. He also ordered the construction of a dome in order to investigate the Sun’s motion and he spoke out with his astronomers about it. All of them said that although they had never seen such an instrument, it was reasonable and sensible.
He gave orders for the construction of an observatory next to his tomb in Tabriz in Persia. He explained how to construct the observatory with such clarity that local wise men marveled at his intelligence, because such work had not been done in any era. Those wise men said that constructing the observatory would be extremely difficult. He guided them, whereupon they commenced building it and they finished it following his instructions. Those wise men and all the engineers agreed that nobody had done such a thing before nor had imagined doing it.”
*ruler of the Mongol Ilkhanate, whose territories included most of the Muslim Middle East; reigned 1295–1304
**an astronomical observatory in present-day Azerbaijan, established by a grant from the first Ilkhanid ruler in the mid-thirteenth century
Rashid al-Din Hamdani, Persian Muslim historian and government minister in Ghazan Khan’s court, excerpt from a universal history commissioned by Ghazan Khan, completed circa 1316
Which of the following best describes the author’s purpose in the passage?
To provide detailed descriptions of the instruments used at the Maragha and Tabriz observatories
To evaluate the importance of the astronomical discoveries made by Ilkhanid scientists
To portray his patron as a generous supporter of the sciences and a man of unusual intelligence
To criticize Ghazan for his vanity and remind him to focus on religious and spiritual pursuits
“On several occasions, Ghazan Khan* went to the observatory at Maragha** and watched the Muslim, Christian, and Chinese astronomers make their observations. He looked at all the operations and instruments, studied them, and asked about their procedures, which he understood in spite of their difficulty. He also ordered the construction of a dome in order to investigate the Sun’s motion and he spoke out with his astronomers about it. All of them said that although they had never seen such an instrument, it was reasonable and sensible.
He gave orders for the construction of an observatory next to his tomb in Tabriz in Persia. He explained how to construct the observatory with such clarity that local wise men marveled at his intelligence, because such work had not been done in any era. Those wise men said that constructing the observatory would be extremely difficult. He guided them, whereupon they commenced building it and they finished it following his instructions. Those wise men and all the engineers agreed that nobody had done such a thing before nor had imagined doing it.”
*ruler of the Mongol Ilkhanate, whose territories included most of the Muslim Middle East; reigned 1295–1304
**an astronomical observatory in present-day Azerbaijan, established by a grant from the first Ilkhanid ruler in the mid-thirteenth century
Rashid al-Din Hamdani, Persian Muslim historian and government minister in Ghazan Khan’s court, excerpt from a universal history commissioned by Ghazan Khan, completed circa 1316
Which of the following best describes the historical situation in Eurasia at the time the passage was written?
Frequent warfare limited the opportunities for cultural, scientific, and artistic innovation.
Political upheaval and reorganization increased cultural and scientific exchanges across regions
Revived long-distance trade spread pathogens and infections to regions that had not been previously affected by them.
The invention and spread of new weapons and military tactics radically transformed the global balance of power.
“On several occasions, Ghazan Khan* went to the observatory at Maragha** and watched the Muslim, Christian, and Chinese astronomers make their observations. He looked at all the operations and instruments, studied them, and asked about their procedures, which he understood in spite of their difficulty. He also ordered the construction of a dome in order to investigate the Sun’s motion and he spoke out with his astronomers about it. All of them said that although they had never seen such an instrument, it was reasonable and sensible.
He gave orders for the construction of an observatory next to his tomb in Tabriz in Persia. He explained how to construct the observatory with such clarity that local wise men marveled at his intelligence, because such work had not been done in any era. Those wise men said that constructing the observatory would be extremely difficult. He guided them, whereupon they commenced building it and they finished it following his instructions. Those wise men and all the engineers agreed that nobody had done such a thing before nor had imagined doing it.”
*ruler of the Mongol Ilkhanate, whose territories included most of the Muslim Middle East; reigned 1295–1304
**an astronomical observatory in present-day Azerbaijan, established by a grant from the first Ilkhanid ruler in the mid-thirteenth century
Rashid al-Din Hamdani, Persian Muslim historian and government minister in Ghazan Khan’s court, excerpt from a universal history commissioned by Ghazan Khan, completed circa 1316
Which of the following best describes the historical circumstances of Rashid al-Din’s career?
His career illustrates the destructive impact of the Mongol conquests on many established urban centers.
His career illustrates the possibilities for diffusion and intermingling of cultures brought about by the Mongol conquests.
His career illustrates the Mongols’ success in preserving their nomadic and tribal culture despite the growing diversity of their subjects.
His career illustrates the importance of traveler accounts written by foreign visitors to the Mongol court
Based on the information in the table, the Black Death outbreak of the bubonic plague struck Essex County in which of the following periods?
Before 1320
Between 1320 and 1350
Between 1350 and 1400
After 1400
Which of the following societies engaged in extensive maritime trade well beyond their borders in the fifteenth century?
Mesoamericans in the Pacific Ocean
Bantu peoples in the Indian Ocean
Chinese in the Indian Ocean
Russians in the Pacific Ocean
Angkor Wat in Southeast Asia built circa 1100 C.E., shown above, reflects which of the following world historical processes?
Increased domination of East Asia and Southeast Asia by Arab powers
The increase in the number of Chinese merchant communities in the Indian Ocean region
The introduction of Islam across most of Asia
Increased cross-cultural interactions in the Indian Ocean region
The Mongol conquests of much of Eurasia in the thirteenth century tended to encourage trade along the Silk Roads primarily by
opening large new markets for both European and East Asian goods in Central Asia
increasing the demand for military supplies needed by the Mongol armies that occupied various regions
decreasing the risk of bandit attacks and reducing the number of local rulers collecting tribute from trade caravans
discouraging seaborne trade along the Indian Ocean routes that competed with the Silk Roads
The changes in the distribution of cities in the period 1200 to 1400 C.E. best support which of the following conclusions?
The Mongol conquests had a more disruptive impact on the Middle East and Central Asia than they had on East Asia.
The emergence of the Ottoman Empire significantly increased the percentage of major urban centers in Europe.
The adoption of Champa rice during the Song dynasty significantly increased the share of China’s urban population.
The outbreaks of bubonic plague greatly reduced urban populations across Eurasia.
Commerce was a key mode of exchange between which of the following pairs of political entities?
The Mayan Empire and the Song dynasty
Ghana and the Mongol Empire
The Crusader states and the Fatimid caliphate
Venice and the Aztec Empire
Béla IV’s statement in the fourth paragraph that the Hungarian people “cannot cease to be amazed” by the actions of the papacy most directly refers to the papacy’s failure to aid the Hungarians while
sending missionaries to China
supporting Christian conquests in the Iberian Peninsula
initiating European military campaigns in the Middle East
encouraging maritime exploration in the Indian Ocean
Historians who argue that there was substantial global integration by the end of the thirteenth century would most likely cite which of the following as evidence to support their claims?
The political unification of large territories under imperial rule in the Mediterranean and East Asia
The widening and deepening of exchange networks linking Afro-Eurasia after the Mongol conquests
The spread of global capitalism from Europe to Africa and Southeast Asia
The creation of a new Atlantic trade system based on plantation economies in the Caribbean and the Americas
The expansion of communication and trade networks in Afro-Eurasia from 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E. resulted in the spread of which of the following from South Asia?
Military weaponry, such as iron-tipped spears and chariots
Technological and scientific concepts, such as the decimal and zero
Irrigation technologies, such as ceramic pipes
Textile manufacturing processes, such as the spinning jenny
A historian researching the effects of the Crusades on the diffusion of technology would probably find which of the following sources most useful?
European crusaders’ accounts of Islamic religious practices
Muslim accounts of European royal marriages
Monks’ translations of Arabic mathematics texts brought from conquered territories
Birth records from villages along the routes used by the Crusaders
Which of the following contributed to the Chinese government’s decision to stop voyages of exploration in the Indian Ocean in the early fifteenth century?
Armed resistance from Arab navies
Lack of sufficient Chinese goods for trade
The destruction of the Chinese fleet by typhoons
Government concern with domestic problems and frontier security
Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the travel depicted in the illustration?
To convert peoples of other faiths to Islam
To create diasporic merchant communities
To recruit soldiers for the Caliphate
To bind diverse communities to a common tradition
The Little Ice Age, which lasted from 1300 to 1850 C.E., likely had the strongest effect on which of the following?
The fall of the Aztec civilization
The Protestant Reformation
The severity of the Black Death
The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople
Which of the following was a significant effect of the Polynesian migrations in the Pacific in the period from 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E.?
A
The creation of an extensive trade network connecting Pacific islands to the Asian mainland
The transfer of domesticated plant and animal species to new islands in the Pacific
The development of distinctive Polynesian maritime technologies quickly adopted by Chinese and European explorers
The establishment of an ethnically unified Polynesian state spanning several island groups
Trade spurred the introduction of both Islam and Hinduism to what is now called
Japan
Brazil
Pakistan
Indonesia
Which of the following is a way enslaved Africans resisted slavery?
Working slowly or sabotaging equipment
Supporting the slave system
Volunteering for extra work
Obeying all orders without question
Match the quote: "I hope the slave trade will be abolished." Fill in the blank with the correct author.
Olaudah Equiano
Thomas Jefferson
Frederick Douglass
William Wilberforce
Put these in order: Stono Rebellion, Haitian Revolution begins, Maroon Treaty signed. (Write the correct chronological order)
Stono Rebellion, Maroon Treaty signed, Haitian Revolution begins.
Stono Rebellion, Haitian Revolution begins, Maroon Treaty signed.
Maroon Treaty signed, Stono Rebellion, Haitian Revolution begins.
Haitian Revolution begins, Stono Rebellion, Maroon Treaty signed.
A portrait of Toussaint Louverture symbolizes:
resistance against oppression
economic prosperity
scientific advancement
religious devotion
Summarize the Stono Rebellion in 3 sentences.
The Stono Rebellion was a slave uprising in 1739 in South Carolina, where enslaved people sought freedom by marching south. The rebellion was quickly suppressed by the colonial militia. It led to stricter slave laws in the colonies.
The Stono Rebellion was a peaceful protest by colonists against British taxes in 1773. It resulted in the repeal of the Stamp Act. The event is celebrated as a turning point in American independence.
The Stono Rebellion was a Native American uprising in 1622 against English settlers in Virginia. It resulted in the destruction of several settlements. The rebellion ended with a peace treaty.
The Stono Rebellion was a labor strike by factory workers in 1892 demanding better wages. It led to the formation of labor unions. The strike was successful in achieving its goals.
Maroon communities played what role in resisting slavery?
They supported slave owners
They helped enforce slavery
They resisted slavery and provided refuge for escaped slaves
They had no impact on slavery
Name 3 leaders of enslaved resistance movements.
Toussaint Louverture, Nat Turner, Harriet Tubman
George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln
Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, Rosa Parks
Nelson Mandela, Desmond Tutu, Steve Biko
The Haitian Revolution was significant to the Atlantic World because it:
led to the first successful slave revolt and the establishment of the first Black republic.
resulted in the expansion of the British Empire in the Caribbean.
caused the decline of the transatlantic slave trade immediately.
was the main reason for the American Civil War.
What European powers were challenged by maroon communities?
Spain and Portugal
France and Germany
Italy and Greece
Russia and Sweden
Religious practices helped maintain African culture among the enslaved by:
Encouraging the adoption of European customs
Preserving traditional beliefs and rituals
Discouraging community gatherings
Promoting only individual worship
The Middle Passage was significant because:
It was the route taken by European explorers to Asia.
It was the transatlantic journey that forcibly transported enslaved Africans to the Americas.
It was a trade route for spices and silk between Europe and India.
It was the migration path of early Native Americans.
One method of passive resistance enslaved Africans used was:
Running away
Working slowly
Organizing revolts
Learning to read
What impact did the Stono Rebellion have on colonial laws?
It led to stricter slave codes.
It resulted in the abolition of slavery.
It caused the colonies to grant more rights to slaves.
It had no effect on colonial laws.
Enslaved Africans preserved traditions under slavery by:
adopting new languages only
abandoning all cultural practices
maintaining music, stories, and customs
refusing to interact with others
One way African resistance influenced future liberation movements was:
It inspired later movements to fight for independence.
It led to the immediate end of colonial rule.
It discouraged other regions from seeking freedom.
It resulted in permanent peace in Africa.
