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Worksheets

Unit 2 Review

Total questions: 190

Worksheet time: 3hrs 35mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What functional group is shown?

a)

amino

b)

hydroxyl

c)

carboxyl

d)

sulfhydryl

2.

What functional group is shown?

a)

hydroxyl

b)

carboxyl

c)

methyl

d)

carbonyl

3.

What functional group is shown?

a)

carboxyl

b)

carbonyl

c)

hydroxyl

d)

amino

4.

What functional group is shown?

a)

carbonyl

b)

hydroxyl

c)

carboxyl

d)

amino

5.
a)

sulfhydryl

b)

hydroxyl

c)

amino

d)

phosphate

6.

What functional group is shown?

a)

carboxyl

b)

phosphate

c)

hydroxyl

d)

amino

7.

What functional group is shown?

a)

hydroxyl

b)

amino

c)

carboxyl

d)

sulfhydryl

8.

hydroxyl group

a)
b)
c)
9.

methyl group

a)
b)
c)
10.

carbonyl group

a)
b)
c)
11.

carboxyl group

a)
b)
c)
12.

amino group

a)
b)
c)
13.

phosphate group

a)
b)
c)
14.

sulfhydryl group

a)
b)
c)
15.

Which category of macromolecule could this be?

Most specific answer is correct.

a)

Triacylglycerol

b)

Protein

c)

Steroid

d)

lipid

16.

What category of macromolecule are these? (Hint: Look at the ratio of C:H:O

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic acids

17.

This molecule is a:

(most specific answer is correct).

a)

Steroid

b)

Lipid

c)

Protein

d)

Carbohydrate

18.

Each functional group is attached to an amino acid. If the functional group on the right was switched with an amino group, would the bond between the 2 still form?

a)

Yes, because there is no difference in charges between any functional groups.

b)

No, the amino group is negatively charged like the oxygen

c)

Yes, the amino group's hydrogen will likely form a similar hydrogen bond.

d)

No answer can be given with the information provided.

19.

What properties would you expect this amino acid to possess?

a)

Nonpolar hydrophobic

b)

Nonpolar hydrophilic

c)

Polar/acidic

d)

Polar/basic

20.

What characteristics would you expect this amino acid to have?

a)

Polar/Hydrophobic

b)

Polar/Hydrophilic

c)

Nonpolar/Hydrophobic

d)

Acidic/Polar

21.

What (specifically) type of bond is shown in blue? (Between the C-N)

a)

Peptide bond

b)

Glycosidic linkage

c)

Covalent bond

d)

Hydrogen bond

22.

Which of the following is TRUE of UNsaturated fats?

a)

They are more common in animals than plants

b)

They have double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids

c)

They generally solidify at room temperature

d)

They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms.

23.

The enzyme amylase can break the glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are in (alpha) form. Which of the following could amylase break down?

a)

Glycogen, starch, and amylopectin

b)

Glycogen and cellulose

c)

Cellulose and Chitin

d)

Starch, chitin and cellulose

24.

Which of the following categories includes all the others on the list?

a)

Monosaccharide

b)

Carbohydrate

c)

Polysaccharide

d)

Starch

25.

Given what you know about the electronegativity of oxygen, predict which of the molecules shown in the figure below would be the stronger acid.

a)

Molecule A

b)

Molecule B

26.

Which action could produce a carbonyl group?

a)

the replacement of the hydroxyl of a carboxyl group with

hydrogen

b)

the addition of a thiol to a hydroxyl

c)

the addition of a hydroxyl to a phosphate

d)

the replacement of the nitrogen of an amine with oxygen

e)

the addition of a sulfhydryl to a carboxyl

27.

Which structural groups does this molecule contain? (check all that apply)

a)

Hydroxyl group

b)

Amino group (amide)

c)

Carboxyl

d)

Carbonyl

e)

Sulfhydryl

28.

Choose the term that best describes the relationship between the 2 sugar molecules

a)

Structural Isomers

b)

Geometric isomers

c)

Enantiomers

d)

Isotopes

29.

What macromolecule is pictured here?

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Nucleic Acid

c)

Protein

d)

Lipid

30.

What is the monomer of this macromolecule?

a)

lipid

b)

nucleic acid

c)

carbohydrate

d)

protein

e)

fatty acid

31.

What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?

a)

fatty acid

b)

amino acid

c)

monosaccharide

d)

nucleotide

32.

What is this a picture of?

a)

monomer: monosaccharide

b)

monomer: amino acid

c)

polymer: carbohydrate

d)

polymer: protein

33.

What is the name of the special type of bond found ONLY in proteins?

a)

hydrogen

b)

phosphate

c)

peptide

d)

ionic

34.

The three parts of a nucleotide are.....

a)

phosphate, amino acid, hydrogen

b)

sugar, phosphate, N base

c)

CHONPS

d)

hydroxyl, phosphate and amine

35.

The process of breaking down polymers into monomers is called....

a)

metabolism

b)

chemical reaction

c)

dehyradation synthesis

d)

condensation

e)

hydrolysis

36.

What is the name(s) of the functional group?

a)

ketone, hydroxyl

b)

carboxyl

c)

carbonyl

d)

amine

37.

What is the name of this functional group?

a)

carbonyl

b)

ketone

c)

aldehyde

d)

carboxyl

38.

How many monomers are shown here?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

e)

5

39.

Which of the following is the correct pair of biomolecules and their monomers?

a)

Carbohydrate: Fatty Acids

b)

Protein: Amino acid

c)

Lipid: Nucleotide

d)

Nucleic Acid: DNA

40.

Olivia, Ava, and Maya are studying for their biology exam. They come across a picture of a biomolecule in their textbook. Olivia thinks it's a Protein, Ava thinks it's a Nucleic Acid, and Maya thinks it's a Lipid. However, the textbook says it's a Carbohydrate. Which biomolecule is shown in the picture according to the textbook?

a)

Protein

b)

Nucleic Acid

c)

Lipid

d)

Carbohydrate

41.

Hemoglobin protein contains 2 polypeptides. If there is a mutation in DNA that substitutes an amino acid to produce sickle cell anemia hemoglobin, what level(s) of protein structure are affected?

a)

all - primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

b)

primary, secondary, tertiary

c)

secondary and tertiary only

d)

secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

42.

Why does organic chemistry focus on the study of carbon containing compounds?

a)

Carbon is the most abundant element on Earth

b)

Carbon is the easiest element to study

c)

Carbon is backbone of the 4 categories of biomolecules and is found in all living things.

d)

Carbon makes up the largest percentage of living organisms mass

43.

Which elements are found in carbohydrates?

a)

C, H, O

b)

C, H, O, N

c)

C, H, O, P

d)

C, H, O, N, P

44.

Which elements are found in lipids?

a)

C, H, O

b)

C, H, O, N

c)

C, H, O, P

d)

C, H, O, N., P

45.

Which elements are found in proteins?

a)

C, H, O

b)

C, H, O, N

c)

C, H, O, P

d)

C, H, O, N, P

46.

Which elements are found in nucleic acids?

a)

C, H, O

b)

C, H, O, N

c)

C, H, O, P

d)

C, H, O, N, P

47.

What are the structural difference between DNA and RNA?

a)

DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded

b)

DNA contains thymine, RNA contains uracil

c)

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, RNA contains ribose sugar

d)

All of the above

48.

What type of bond holds amino acids together?

a)

Glycosidic bond

b)

Ester bond

c)

Peptide bond

d)

Phosphodiester bond

49.

What type of bonds link monomers in biological polymers?

a)

Ionic bonds

b)

Metallic bonds

c)

Hydrogen bonds

d)

Covalent bonds

50.

In a DNA molecule, what type of bond binds adenine and thymine together?

a)

Peptide bonds

b)

Hydrogen bonds

c)

Covalent bonds

d)

Disulfide bridges

51.

What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

a)

They store genetic information.

b)

Movement and catalyzing chemical reactions

c)

They are the main source of cellular energy.

d)

Insulation and energy storage

52.

How do monomers combine into polymers?

a)

A molecule of water is added to the monomers forming a new hydrogen bond

b)

A molecule of water is removed between the two monomers, and a covalent bond is formed

c)

They form hydrogen bonds between their polar functional groups.

d)

One monomer takes electrons from the other and they form an ionic bond

53.

How do organisms breakdown polymers into monomers?

a)

By digesting them with powerful enzymes

b)

Through the process of reverse osmosis

c)

By removing water from the polymer, which makes the chain dry and brittle

d)

By adding a molecule of water between the monomers separating them

54.

What did the Miller-Urey experiment discover?

a)

That life on Earth started from simple cells

b)

The organisms pass their genetics down to the next generation of organisms in predictable patterns

c)

That DNA was a double helix molecule

d)

That amino acids can form from non-biological chemical reactions

55.

What is the strongest type of bond found in a protein?

a)

Peptide bond

b)

Disulfide bridge

c)

Van der Waals interactions

d)

Hydrogen bond

56.

What are the DNA base pairing rules?

a)

A - C ; T - U

b)

A - T ; G - C

c)

A - G ; T - C

d)

A - U; G - C

57.

How will altering a protein's primary structure affect its final structure?

a)

An altered primary structure changes every level of structure above it, most likely rendering the protein non-functional

b)

Primary structure does not influence the structure of the protein

c)

The secondary structure will be altered as will but the other levels will remain the same

58.

What biomolecules contain nitrogen?

a)

Proteins and Nucleic acids

b)

Carbohydrates and Lipids

c)

Nucleic acids and Carbohydrates

d)

Lipids and Proteins

59.

What is the primary structure of a protein?

a)

The interaction of multiple polypeptide chains

b)

Folding caused by environmental interactions with the R-groups of the amino acids

c)

The sequence of amino acids

d)

Hydrogen bonds forming between the carbon skeletons of the amino acids

60.

What is the secondary structure of a protein?

a)

The sequence of amino acids

b)

Folding caused by environmental interactions with the R-groups of amino acids

c)

Hydrogen bonds forming between carbon skeletons, creating alpha helixes and beta pleats

d)

Combining of multiple polypeptide chains to form 1 protein

61.

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

a)

The sequence of amino acids

b)

Folding caused by hydrogen bonds forming between the carbon skeletons

c)

Multiple polypeptides combining to form one protein

d)

Folding caused by environmental interactions with the amino acid R-groups

62.

What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

a)

The sequence of amino acids

b)

When multiple polypeptide chains combine to form one protein

c)

Hydrogen bonds forming between the carbon skeletons of amino acids

d)

Environmental interactions with the R-groups of amino acids

63.

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

a)

Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.

b)

Dehydration reactions eliminate water from lipid membranes, and hydrolysis makes lipid membranes water permeable

c)

Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis.

d)

Dehydration reactions ionize water molecules and add hydroxyl groups to polymers; hydrolysis reactions release hydroxyl groups from polymers

64.

What is the function of a carbohydrate?

(Why do I need this before a workout?)

a)

Quick or short term energy

b)

Movement

c)

Stores genetic information

d)

Long term or stored energy

65.
What type of carbohydrate is this?
a)
polysaccharide
b)
disaccharide
c)
monosaccharide
d)
it isn't a carbohydrate
66.

Nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides. What is the structure of a nucleotide?

a)
b)
c)
d)
67.

Thermal energy generated by the metabolism in these types of organisms maintains homeostatic body temperature

a)

ectothermic

b)

endothermic

c)

photosynthetic

d)

autotrophic

68.

Which list most accurately includes the elements found in nucleic acids?

a)

carbon, hydrogen

b)

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

c)

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and phosphorous

d)

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorous

69.

The monomers that make up enzymes are

a)

monosaccharides

b)

disaccharides

c)

fatty acids

d)

amino acids

70.

Cellulose and starch differ because

a)

starch is a polysaccharide and cellulose is a monosaccharide

b)

Cellulose is a polysaccharide and starch is a monosaccharide

c)

Cellulose is a polysaccharide and starch is a polysaccharide but they each have different types of bonds

d)

Cellulose is used to store food while starch is used for structure in the plant

71.

Which of the following is a false statement regarding DNA?

a)

Each chromosome has one very long DNA molecule with hundreds of thousands of genes.

b)

Every cell is enclosed by a membrane.

c)

Every cell uses DNA as its genetic information.

d)

All forms of life are composed of cells that have a membrane-enclosed nucleus.

72.
What is the molecule illustrated in the figure below?
a)
a trans polyunsaturated triacylglyceride
b)
a steroid similar to cholesterol
c)
a saturated fatty acid
d)
an unsaturated fatty acid
73.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

a)

Saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature; unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature

b)

Saturated fats are cannot pack together closely because of their bent structure; unsaturated fats can pack together because they are flat

c)

Saturated fats come from plants and fish; unsaturated fats are from animals (except fish)

d)

Saturated fats are considered “healthy” fats; unsaturated fats may contribute to cardiovascular disease

74.
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
a)
central vacuole
b)
chloroplast
c)
wall made of cellulose
d)
mitochondrion
75.
Which of the following is major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?
a)
evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes.
b)
the need for sufficient surface area to support the cell's metabolic needs.
c)
limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases
d)
the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
76.
A biologist ground up some plant leaf cells and then centrifuged the mixture to fractionate the organelles. Organelles in one of the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, whereas organelles in the lighter fraction could produce ATP in the dark. The heavier and lighter fractions are most likely to contain, respectively,
a)
mitochondria and chloroplasts.
b)
peroxisomes and chloroplasts.
c)
chloroplasts and peroxisomes.
d)
chloroplasts and mitochondria.
77.
Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?
a)
glycogen
b)
cellulose
c)
proteins
d)
lipids
78.
All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except
a)
a plasma membrane
b)
DNA
c)
an endoplasmic reticulum
d)
ribosomes
79.

In eukaryotic cells, which organelle generates energy for the cell?

a)

golgi apparatus

b)

mitochondria

c)

chloroplast

d)

vacuole

e)

rough endoplasmic reticulum

80.

In eukaryotic cells, which part stores genetic information?

a)

nucleolus

b)

nucleus

c)

vacuole

d)

nucleoid region

81.

Which of the following are true about the rough endoplasmic reticulum? (check all that apply)

a)

Found prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

b)

Embedded with ribosomes

c)

Modify and transport proteins

d)

Synthesis lipids

e)

Detoxifies the cell

82.

Which of the following are true about the cell membrane? (check all that apply)

a)

Found prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

b)

Controls what enters the cell

c)

Controls what leaves the cell

d)

Made of phospholipids

e)

Serves as an impermeable barrier

83.

In plant cells, what organelle is used to store nutrients and water?

a)

lysosome

b)

vacuole

c)

chloroplast

d)

golgi apparatus

84.

In plant cells, what organelle gives the cell structure and protects the cell?

a)

cell membrane

b)

vacuole

c)

golgi apparatus

d)

cell wall

85.

In plant cells, where does photosynthesis occur?

a)

chloroplast

b)

vacuole

c)

nucleolus

d)

cell wall

86.

In eukaryotic cells, which organelle is a specialized vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes that can break down old cell parts and food.

a)

vacuole

b)

mitochondria

c)

golgi apparatus

d)

nucleolus

e)

lysosome

87.

In eukaryotic cells, what structure is made up of uncoiled and uncondensed DNA and proteins.

a)

chromosome

b)

nucleus

c)

nucleolus

d)

chromatin

e)

cytoskeleton

88.

In eukaryotic cells, what organelle produces the building blocks of ribosomes?

a)

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

b)

nucleus

c)

nucleolus

d)

cytoskeleton

e)

rough endoplasmic reticulum

89.
A protein that is destined for the membrane would be made 
a)
on a ribosome that is in the cytoplasm
b)
within a lysosome
c)
on a ribosome attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum 
d)
within the Golgi body
90.
A protein that will be modified with carbohydrates will pass through 
a)
the lysosome and the rough ER
b)
the rough ER and the Golgi body
c)
the rough ER and smooth ER
d)
the Golgi body and the smooth ER
91.

A researcher observes a cell from a adrenal gland under an electron mictoscope. Adrenal glands produce several type of steroid hormones. What should the researcher expect to see in the cell?

a)

a high number of mitochondria

b)

large prominent rough ER

c)

large prominent smooth ER

d)

a high number of centrioles

92.

In a slide from an intestinal lining, the histologist finds both bacteria and intestinal cells. Which of the following would be accurate?

a)

the histologist would notice a dark nucleus in the intestinal cell and the bacteria cell

b)

the histologist would only notice a nucleus in the intestinal cell

c)

Neither the intestinal cell nor the bacteria would have a nucleus

d)

both of them have a nucleus but the bacteria have only one chromosome

93.

Fluoresently labeled amino acids are used in an experiment in pancreas cells which secrete protein hormones. Which of the following correctly places the organelles using the amino acids in the right order?

a)

mitochondria , Rough ER, ribosomes, nucleus, smooth ER

b)

ribosomes, Rough ER, vesicle, Golgi body, outside the cell

c)

smooth ER , ribosomes, mitochondria, outside the cell

d)

ribosomes, smooth ER, lysosomes, outside the cell

94.

Which of the following cells would most likely have the greatest concentration of densely packed rough endoplasmic reticulum?

a)

An amoeba engulfing small ciliates

b)

A bioluminescent bacterial cell

c)

A pancreatic cell engaged in the production of digestive enzymes

d)

A functional cell at maturity functioning in transporting hormones

95.

All of the following are evidence of endosymbiosis EXCEPT

a)

mitochondria and chloroplast ribosomes are similar to bacterial ribosomes

b)

mitochondria and chloroplast have double membranes

c)

mitochondria and chloroplast are similar in size to bacteria

d)

mitochondria and chloroplast have a nucleus

96.

Which kind of cell is prokaryotic, may or may not have a cell wall, and has no membrane bound organelles?

a)

Animal

b)

Bacteria

c)

Fungi

d)

Plant

97.

Major component of the lipid bilayer cell membrane.

a)

Cholesterol

b)

Channel Proteins

c)

Phospholipids

d)

Glycolipid/glycoprotein complexes

98.

The point of organelles such as the mitochondria, golgi, ER, etc. all having membranes is to ...

a)

Provide extra protection to those critical organelles

b)

Increase surface area for materials transport

c)

Prevent hazardous materials from escaping the organelles and damaging the rest of the cell

d)

All of the above

99.

Which of the following is true about the cytoskeleton? (check all that apply)

a)

A hard protective covering for the cell

b)

Provides reinforcement of the cell's shape

c)

Contains thin filaments that allow contraction of the muscle cells

d)

A mesh of protein fibers

e)

Stores calcium ions

100.

In eukaryotic cells, which organelle is a specialized vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes that can break down old cell parts and food.

a)

vacuole

b)

mitochondria

c)

golgi apparatus

d)

nucleolus

e)

lysosome

101.
In general, Eukaryota cells (including plant and animal cells) are ____ _____ than Prokaryotic cells. 
a)
obviously stronger
b)
less complex
c)
more complex
d)
obviously weaker
102.
_____ are located near the nucleus, help organize cell division, and are not found in plant cells.
a)
vacuoles
b)
centrioles
c)
chloroplasts
d)
organelles
103.
_____ cells contain an internal membrane system known as the ______ ____ where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled along with proteins and other materials
a)
Eukaryotic, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
b)
Prokaryotic, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
c)
Mutant, oxygen exchanger
d)
New, permeable membrane
104.
Most prokaryotic cells produce a strong supporting layer around the cell membrane known as a(n) ___ ____. 
a)
plastic cellotite
b)
cell wall
c)
selective argroleme
d)
vacuole pyrite
105.
The ____ ____ regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also protects and supports the cell.
a)
Golgi Apparatus
b)
ER
c)
cell wall
d)
cell membrane
106.

Tay–Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, and undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?

a)

the endoplasmic reticulum

b)

the Golgi apparatus

c)

the lysosome

d)

mitochondrion

e)

membrane–bound ribosomes

107.
Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence:  Catabolism is to anabolism as __ is to __.
a)
exergonic; endergonic
b)
free energy; entropy
c)
work; energy
d)
exergonic;spontaneous
108.
Plant cells have ___ for cell to cell communication.
a)
gap junctions
b)
plasmodesmata
c)
desmosomes
d)
tight junctions
109.
Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are they?
a)
Bacteria & Protista
b)
Bacteria & Archaea
c)
Bacteria & Eukarya
d)
Archaea & Protista
110.
A chemical reaction that has a positive ΔG (free energy) is best described as
a)
entropic
b)
spontaneous
c)
endergonic
d)
exergonic
111.
The difference between pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis is that
a)
pinocytosis requires cellular energy, but receptor-mediated endocytosis does not.
b)
pinocytosis brings only water molecules into the cell, but receptor-mediated endocytosis brings in other molecules as well.
c)
pinocytosis is nonselective in the molecules it brings into the cell, whereas receptor-mediated emdocytosis offers more selectivity.
d)
pinocytosis increases the surface area of the plasma membrane whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis decreases the plasma membrane surface area.
112.
When a plant cell, such as one from a tulip stem, is submerged in a very hypotonic solution, what is likely to occur?
a)
The cell membrane will lyse.
b)
The cell will burst.
c)
The cell will become turgid.
d)
Plasmolysis will shrink the interior.
113.
When the temperature of the outside air exceeds their inter body temperature, jackrabbits living in hot, arid lands will
a)
dilate the blood vessels in their large ears to transfer more body heat to the environment.
b)
increase pigmentation in their ears, darkening them to maximize their capacity to take up heat.
c)
increase motor movements to find a sunny area to maximize heat transfer into their bodies.
d)
constrict the blood vessels in their large ears to reduce transfer of external heat to the blood in their ears.
114.
What are the two broad categories of cells?
a)
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
b)
prokaryote and nucleoid
c)
eukaryotes and cells
d)
bacteria and archaea
115.
cells of animals, plants, fungi, and protists are all?
a)
nucleoid
b)
prokaryote
c)
archaea
d)
eukaryotes
116.
Prokaryote are?
a)
simple, mostly single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus, or any other membrane-bound organelle.
b)
have a peptidoglycan cell wall and many have polysaccharide capsules.
c)
have a true nucleus, which means the cell's DNA is surrounded by a membrane.
d)
contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus
117.
plasma membrane
a)
consisting of a jelly-like cytosol within the cell which other cellular components are found
b)
the genetic material of the cell
c)
an outer covering that seperates the cell's interior from its surrounding environment
d)
synthesize proteins
118.

Vesicles with digestive enzymes.

a)

Lysosomes

b)

Peroxisomes

c)

Vacuoles

d)

Ribosomes

119.

Fill in the blank:

Osmosis is the movement of ________ across a cell membrane from high to low.

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Starch

c)

Water

d)

Oxygen

120.

During osmosis

a)

water moves from high to low concentration

b)

large or oddly shaped molecules move across a cell membrane

c)

water moves when energy is used

d)

proteins are built

121.

Which molecule cannot passively diffuse across a cell membrane?

a)

Oxygen

b)

H+ Ions

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

water

122.

What is the process by which water moves through a selectively permeable membrane?

a)

Diffusion

b)

Active transport

c)

Osmosis

d)

Endocytosis

123.

In which direction does water move in osmosis?

a)

From an area of high water concentration to low water concentration

b)

From an area of low water concentration to high water concentration

c)

From an area of high solute concentration to low solute concentration

d)

From an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration

124.

What is the main driving force behind osmosis?

a)

Gravity

b)

Concentration gradient

c)

Temperature

d)

Pressure

125.

What would happen if a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution?

a)

The cell will swell

b)

The cell will shrink

c)

The cell will remain the same size

d)

The cell will divide

126.

Which of the following is not a factor that affects the rate of osmosis?

a)

Concentration gradient

b)

Temperature

c)

Surface area of the membrane

d)

Color of the solution

127.

What is the role of ribosomes?

a)

To store genetic information.

b)

To produce glycolipids.

c)

To synthesize proteins.

d)

To hydrolyze waste materials.

128.

Which of the following is not found in all forms of life, and therefore is not evidence of the common ancestry of life?

a)

Nuclei

b)

Ribosomes

c)

Plasma Membranes

d)

Cytosol

129.

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

a)

Detoxification of the cell and lipid synthesis.

b)

Protein and rRNA synthesis.

c)

Synthesis of chemical energy (adenosine triphosphate).

d)

Chemical modification of newly synthesized proteins before they are packaged for trafficking to other parts of the cell or outside of the cell.

130.

Which of the following membrane-bound organelles is responsible for hydrolysis (using enzymes to break down macromolecules)?

a)

Vacuoles

b)

Chloroplasts

c)

Lysosomes

d)

Peroxisomes

131.

Which of the following is a reason that cells are so small?

a)

Cells are small because they want to maximize their surface area-to-volume ratio.

b)

Cells are small because they want to maximize their volume-to-surface area ratio.

c)

Cells are small because they need to produce extremely small macromolecules.

d)

Cells are small because they prefer to work together in clusters of many thousands that wouldn't otherwise fit anywhere.

132.

Which of the following correctly describes hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of the cellular membrane?

a)

The hydrophobic region is made of phosphates, and the hydrophilic region is made of lipids.

b)

The hydrophobic region is 'water-loving', and the hydrophilic region is 'water-fearing'.

c)

The hydrophobic region is polar, and the hydrophilic region is non-polar.

d)

The hydrophobic region faces inward in the interior of the membrane, the hydrophilic region faces outwards towards the aqueous environment.

133.

Which of the following is the correct name of the model that describes the structure of the cell membrane?

a)

The Fluid Molecular Model

b)

The Free Molecular Model

c)

The Fluid Mosaic Model

d)

The Free Mosaic Model

134.

Which of the following is a difference between passive and active transport?

a)

Passive transport moves molecules against their gradient, while active transport moves molecules with their gradient.

b)

Passive transport moves molecules with a direct input of energy, while active transport moves molecules without a direct input of energy.

c)

Passive transport moves molecules non-spontaneously, while active transport moves molecules spontaneously.

d)

Passive transport moves molecules without a direct input of energy, while active transport moves molecules with a direct input of energy.

135.

What is the primary role of aquaporins?

a)

To transport water across the membrane.

b)

To change the state of water from gas to liquid.

c)

To pump water into the mitochondria for cellular respiration.

d)

To use water for hydrolytic purposes.

136.

Which of the following describes a solution that has a higher concentration than the internal environment of the cell?

a)

Hypotonic

b)

Isotonic

c)

Hypertonic

d)

Transtonic

137.

If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, what is likely to happen to it over time?

a)

The cell will swell, as water flows into the cell.

b)

The cell will not change, as it will be at dynamic equilibrium.

c)

The cell will lyse, as water bursts the cell.

d)

The cell will shrink, as water flows out of the cell.

138.

Which of the following describes the endosymbiotic theory?

a)

A prokaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller prokaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell eukaryotic.

b)

A eukaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller prokaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell prokaryotic.

c)

A prokaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller eukaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell eukaryotic.

d)

A eukaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller eukaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell prokaryotic.

139.

What would happen if a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution?

a)

The cell will swell

b)

The cell will shrink

c)

The cell will remain the same size

d)

The cell will divide

140.

What is the main driving force behind osmosis?

a)

Gravity

b)

Concentration gradient

c)

Temperature

d)

Pressure

141.

In which direction does water move in osmosis?

a)

From an area of high water concentration to low water concentration

b)

From an area of low water concentration to high water concentration

c)

From an area of high solute concentration to low solute concentration

d)

From an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration

142.

What is the process by which water moves through a selectively permeable membrane?

a)

Diffusion

b)

Active transport

c)

Osmosis

d)

Endocytosis

143.

Which molecule cannot passively diffuse across a cell membrane?

a)

Oxygen

b)

H+ Ions

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

water

144.

Which of the following is not a factor that affects the rate of osmosis?

a)

Concentration gradient

b)

Temperature

c)

Surface area of the membrane

d)

Color of the solution

145.

What is the solute potential also known as?

a)

Osmotic potential

b)

Pressure potential

c)

Water potential

d)

Turgor pressure

146.
The picture is an example of...
a)
active tranport
b)
passive transport
c)
diffusion
d)
osmosis
147.
Which way would the purple molecules move through the semi-permeable membrane?
a)
From the  A side  to the B-side
b)
From the B side to the A side
c)
none of the purple molecules would move
d)
they would move equally back and forth in a state of dynamic equilibrium
148.
Which of the following is responsible for getting large or charged (polar) molecules across the cell membrane?
a)
E
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
149.
When cells are placed in a __________ solution they begin to swell.
a)
Hypertonic
b)
Isotonic
c)
Hypotonic
d)
Equalized
150.
A person would never have pure water put into their veins in a hospital because their cells would...
a)
Shrink/Dehydrate
b)
Expand
151.
Controlling what goes into or out of the cell with the help of energy is called
a)
active transport
b)
endocytosis
c)
passive transport
d)
exocytosis
152.
The sodium-potassium pumps requires energy to move ions across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient so it is a type of
a)
active transport
b)
osmosis
c)
diffusion
d)
facilitated diffusion
153.
A saltwater snail is placed in freshwater. What happens to its cells?
a)
They shrink
b)
They swell
c)
Nothing happens
154.
 If a cell containing 5% salt is placed into a glass of water with 20% salt, the water is _______ compared to the cell.
a)
hypertonic-
b)
hypotonic
c)
isotonic
155.

Which cell is in a hypertonic environment?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

None of them are hypertonic

156.

Assuming that the purple molecules are too large to pass through the membrane, what would happen to the water level as a result of osmosis?

a)

The water level would rise on the A side

b)

The water level would rise on the B side

c)

The water level would remain constant

d)

The water level would drop on the A side.

157.

An animal cell lacking in carbohydrates on the external surface of its plasma membrane would likely be impaired in which function?

a)

transporting ions against an electrochemical gradient

b)

cell-cell recognition

c)

attaching the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton

d)

establishing a diffusion barrier to charged molecules

158.

Where will the water go?

a)

Into the cell

b)

Out of the cell

c)

Equally in & out - it's isotonic

d)

There is no water

159.

What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump in cell membranes?

a)

A) To transport glucose into the cell

b)

B) To maintain the cell's membrane potential

c)

C) To facilitate the diffusion of water

d)

D) To synthesize ATP

160.

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump in cell transport?

a)

It moves sodium ions into the cell and potassium ions out of the cell

b)

It moves potassium ions into the cell and sodium ions out of the cell

c)

It moves both sodium and potassium ions into the cell

d)

It moves both sodium and potassium ions out of the cell

161.

A red blood cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than the cell itself. What will happen to the cell?

a)

It will swell and burst

b)

It will shrink

c)

It will remain the same size

d)

It will become turgid

162.

Which of the following membrane activities requires energy from ATP?

a)

Facilitated diffusion of chloride ions through a chloride channel.

b)

Movement of Na+ ions from lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid.

c)

Movement of glucose molecules into a bacteria cell from a medium containing a higher concentration of glucose than inside the cell.

d)

Movement of carbon dioxide out of a paramecium.

163.

The movement of molecules against a concentration gradient

a)

simple diffusion

b)

facilitated diffusion

c)

active transport

d)

osmosis

164.

Which is true about active transport?

a)

It requires energy

b)

it does not require energy

c)

It moves substances down the concentration gradient

d)

it moves material from high to low concentration

165.
Plasma membranes are relatively impermeable to water-soluble molecules because
a)
the membranes are waxy
b)
water molecules are nonpolar
c)
their bilayer is comprised of phospholipids
d)
they have salt crystals embedded within them
166.
Which of the following functions as a recognition site for interactions between cells?
a)
Phospholipids
b)
Cholesterol 
c)
Fatty acids
d)
Glycolipids
167.
In a hypothetical study, cells are placed in a solution of glucose in which the concentration of glucose is gradually increased. At first, the rate at which glucose enters the cells is found to increase as the concentration of the glucose solution is increased. But when the glucose concentration of the solution is increased above 10 M, the rate no longer increases. Which of the following is the likely mechanism for glucose transport into these cells?
a)
Facilitated diffusion via a carrier protein
b)
Facilitated diffusion via a channel protein
c)
Pinocytosis
d)
Tertiary active transport
168.
What type of organelle is used during endocytosis and exocytosis?
a)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
b)
Golgi Body
c)
Vesicle
d)
Lysosome
169.

Match the following vocabulary terms and definitions.

a)

Same concentration; the solution and cell have equal concentration of solutes (particles), so water moves equally between the cell and solution.

1.

Isotonic

b)

Low concentration; the solution has less solutes than the cell, causing water to move into the cell and out of the solution.

2.

Hypotonic

c)

High concentration; the solution has more solutes than the cell, causing water to move out of the cell and into the solution.

3.

Hypertonic

170.

Our current understanding of the structure of the membrane of a cell is called the:

a)

Fluid Mosaic Model

b)

Phospholipid Mosaic Model

c)

Glycophosphosaic Model

d)

Mosaic of Phopholipid Proportions

171.

Active transport uses ____ to provide the energy to move substances _______

a)

ATP / Against their concentration gradients

b)

ATP / With their concentration gradients

c)

Glucose / Against their concentration gradients

d)

Glucose / With their concentration gradients

e)

Water / Towards a lower water potential

172.

The combination of the two forces which drive the diffusion of substances across a cell membrane is called the:

a)

Electrochemical Gradient

b)

Electroconcentrational Gradient

c)

Electric Driving Force

d)

Chemical Concentration Gradient

173.

Liver cells are specialized cells that carry out a multitude of tasks, including the synthesis of cholesterol and the breakdown of protein metabolites. These cells would be expected to contain a large proportion of which organelle relative to all others?

a)

smooth ER

b)

rough ER

c)

golgi

d)

nucleolus

174.

Which of the following is evidence to support the endosymbiotic theory?

a)

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, which is similar to prokaryotic DNA.

b)

Fossil evidence shows that the first forms of life were prokaryotic cells.

c)

All eukaryotic cells have a double-layered membran composed of phosplipids and proteins.

d)

Prokaryotes have the same number and types of enzymes as eukaryotes.

175.
Drinking seawater is dangerous to humans because
a)
the water is a hypertonic solution.
b)
the water is a hypotonic solution.
c)
the water is an isotonic solution.
d)
the water is poisonous.
176.

Keratin is a protein found in hair. Where in a cell is keratin made?

a)

nucleus

b)

vacuole

c)

ribosomes

d)

mitochondria

177.

This model shows a cell being engulfed by a larger cell. A scientist claims that this smaller cell originated from a free-living prokaryotic cell. What evidence best supports the scientist's claim?

a)

The organelle has a phospholipid membrane

b)

The organelle has proteins in the membrane

c)

The organelle has a double membrane

d)

The organelle has an aqueous environment inside

178.

Three plant cells are shown. The first cell was placed in a sugar solution, the second cell was placed in pond water, and the third cell was placed in distilled water. Which statement is accurate about the observations represented in the diagram.

a)

Cell 1- net movement of sucrose out of the cell

Cell 3-net movement of sucrose into the cell

b)

Cell 1- net movement of sucrose into the cell

Cell 3- net movement of sucrose out of the cell

c)

Cell 1- net movement of water out of the cell

Cell 3- net movement of water into the cell

d)

Cell 1- net movement of water into the cell

Cell 3- net movement of water out of the cell

179.

Releases energy

a)

endothermic reaction

b)

exothermic reaction

180.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
181.
What is a substance called if it speeds up a chemical reaction?
a)
reusable
b)
catalyst
c)
specific
d)
fragile
182.
What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?
a)
The enzymes die.
b)
The shapes of the enzyme are altered denature
c)
The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes.
d)
The enzymes remain the same
183.
Based on the graph, what is the optimal temperature for this enzyme? 
a)
15oC
b)
40oC
c)
30oC
d)
35oC
184.
An enzyme speeds up a reaction by
a)
lowering the activation energy.
b)
raising the activation energy.
c)
releasing energy.
d)
absorbing energy.
185.
What 3 letters do enzymes typically end in?
a)
-ose
b)
-ase
c)
-ese
d)
-tic
186.
What is the purpose  of an enzyme?
a)
give permission for the reaction
b)
raise activation energy
c)
speed up reactions
d)
control how many reactions occur
187.

What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?

a)

The enzymes die.

b)

The shape of the enzyme are changed and it denatures

c)

The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes.

d)

The enzymes remain the same

188.
Look at this reaction graph. Which of the following is NOT true of this reaction?
a)
The reactants have lower energy than the product
b)
This is showing an endothermic reaction
c)
Activation energy was not needed for this to occur
d)
The product has more energy than the reactants
189.
A reaction where energy is RELEASED to the environment
a)
Exothermic
b)
Endothermic
c)
Polythermic
d)
Batman
190.
Which of the following is true of the below reaction?
a)
There is one reactant and two products involved
b)
This is an exothermic reaction
c)
This is comparing the reaction rate with an enzyme vs without an enzyme
d)
Energy is absorbed by this reaction

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