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WorksheetsFuel Oil Week 14
Total questions: 38
Worksheet time: 54mins
Fuel Oil Bunkering System
•Function: Holds the bunkered heavy fuel oil (HFO) or marine gas oil (MGO).
True
False
Fuel Oil Transfer System
•Function: Transfers fuel between tanks (e.g., from storage to settling).
True
False
Fuel Oil Purification System
•Function: _________
Removes water and solid impurities.
Delivers clean and pressurized fuel to the engine.
Injects fuel at high pressure into the engine cylinders.
Transfers fuel between tanks (e.g., from storage to settling).
Fuel Oil Service System (Booster System)
•Function: ____________
Delivers clean and pressurized fuel to the engine.
Injects fuel at high pressure into the engine cylinders.
Receives fuel oil from shore or bunker barges.
Holds the bunkered heavy fuel oil (HFO) or marine gas oil (MGO).
Fuel Oil Return System
•Function: Returns used fuel from the engine back to the service tank or mixing tank to maintain circuit pressure and minimize wastage.
True
False
•Function: Holds the bunkered heavy fuel oil (HFO) or marine gas oil (MGO).
Fuel Oil Return System
Fuel Oil Service System (Booster System)
Fuel Oil Transfer System
Fuel Oil Storage System
Fuel Oil Bunkering System
Fuel Oil Bunkering System
•Components:______(choose all the correct answers)
Bunker manifold
Bunker lines and valves
Storage tanks (settling and service tanks)
Air vents and overflow lines
Viscosity/temperature controllers
Fuel Oil Service System (Booster System)
•Components:__________(choose all the correct answers)
Viscosity/
temperature controllers
Booster pumps
Pressure regulating valves
Fuel flow meter
Storage tanks
Storage Tanks:________
•Large capacity, located low in the ship.
•Allow water and heavy sediments to settle before purification.
Immediate supply tanks feeding the engines.
Immediate supply tanks, feeding the engines.
Service (Day) Tanks
Settling Tanks
Storage Tanks
How is fuel injection timing controlled in a common rail system?
Manually adjusted valves
Camshaft-driven pump
Electronically controlled injectors
Pressure relief valve
How is the fuel injection timing controlled in an individual pump system?
By electronic sensors
By engine control unit (ECU)
By common rail pressure
Mechanically by camshaft and timing gears
Settling Tanks – Fuel is preheated to separate water and sediments through gravity.
True
False
Fuel Injection System – Low-pressure pumps deliver fuel to injectors.
True
False
Transfer fuel from service tank to engine fuel injection system.
Booster Pumps
Supply Pumps
Injection Pumps
Service Pumps
A ________ is a type of centrifugal separator used to remove solid impurities (sludge, dirt, etc.) from oil (usually fuel oil or lubricating oil).
Clarifier
Purifier
Simplified Flow Path:
Bunker → Storage Tank → Service Tank → Purifier → Settling Tank → Booster System → Engine → Return Line
True
False
Ensures fuel has proper flow characteristics before injection.
Viscosity Controller
Heaters (for residual fuels)
Booster Pumps
Fuel Injection System
Raise fuel temperature to reduce viscosity.
Heaters (for residual fuels)
Viscosity Controller
Fuel Injection System
Booster Pumps
Residual Fuel Oil (RFO)
Also known as Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), fuel that requires significant treatment before use.
Distinguishing Features:_________
High viscosity and density
Contains more impurities (water, sulfur, solids)
Requires pre-heating and purification
Cheaper but more polluting
Used in Emission Control Areas (ECAs) or for auxiliary engines
Residual Fuel Oil (Heavy Fuel Oil - HFO)
Key Components in the System:__________
Heating coils in tanks
Fuel oil heaters
Centrifugal purifiers
Viscosity controller
•Booster pumps and fine filters
Marine Gas Oil (MGO) and Marine Diesel Oil (MDO)—more refined fuels.
Distinguishing Features:_________
Low viscosity (can flow at ambient temperature)
Requires little or no heating
Used in Emission Control Areas (ECAs) or for auxiliary engines
Cleaner (fewer impurities, lower sulfur content)
High viscosity and density
Distillate Fuel Oil (Marine Diesel Oil - MDO / Marine Gas Oil - MGO)
Key Components in the System:__________
No pre-heaters required (optional low-temp heaters in cold climates)
Simplified purification or sometimes direct use without purification
Dedicated service tank
Lower pressure pumps
No viscosity control required
Parameter: Viscosity
Out-of-Range Condition: Excess abrasive particles from catalytic cracking
Implication to System: Corrosion, exhaust system damage, non-compliance with IMO
True
False
Parameter: Sulfur content
Out-of-Range Condition: High sulfur (non-compliant fuel in ECAs)
Implication to System: ______
Corrosion, exhaust system damage, non-compliance with IMO
Fire and explosion hazard
Wax formation, fuel line blockage
Incorrect purification and combustion issues
Incomplete combustion, carbon deposits, poor engine performance
Parameter: Pour Point
Out-of-Range Condition: ________
Implication to System: Wax formation, fuel line blockage
High sulfur (non-compliant fuel in ECAs)
Mismatch with engine design specs
Higher than ambient temps
Below 60°C (minimum requirement for marine fuels)
Excess abrasive particles from catalytic cracking
Parameter: _________
Out-of-Range Condition: Below 60°C (minimum requirement for marine fuels)
Implication to System: Fire and explosion hazard
Cat fines (Al + Si)
Sulfur content
Pour Point
Flash Point
Designated Emission Control Areas (ECAs) under MARPOL Annex VI by the International Maritime Organization (IMO): _______________
Indian Sea
Baltic Sea
North Sea
Arctic Sea
South Pacific Sea
Choose all the cause of fuel oil deterioration: ___________
Water contamination
Poor storage conditions
Contaminated bunkers
Mixing incompatible fuels
Choose all the types of Fuel Deterioration: ______
Microbiological degradation
Oxidative degradation
Thermal degradation
Physical incompatibility
Types of Fuel Deterioration
Type: ___________
Cause: Contact with air over time
Effect: Gum formation, color change, deposits
Oxidative degradation
Thermal degradation
Chemical incompatibility
Microbiological degradation
Types of Fuel Deterioration
Type: Thermal degradation
Cause: __________
Effect: Breakdown of molecules, carbon residue
Overheating of fuel in heaters
Contact with air over time
Mixing different fuel types
Bacteria and fungi in water-contaminated tanks
Types of Fuel Deterioration
Type: Microbiological degradation
Cause: Bacteria and fungi in water-contaminated tanks
Effect: ___________
Sludge formation, filter clogging, corrosion
Gum formation, color change, deposits
Breakdown of molecules, carbon residue
Acid formation, separation issues
Effects of Fuel Oil Deterioration
Effect: Increased emissions
Impact: __________
Black smoke, SOx/NOx rise, non-compliance with MARPOL rules
Incomplete combustion, knocking, and misfiring
Frequent maintenance, risk of engine shutdown
Acid formation from microbes or water leads to pitting
Effects of Fuel Oil Deterioration
Effect: _________
Impact: Incomplete combustion, knocking, and misfiring
Corrosion of fuel system components
Increased emissions
Engine performance loss
Clogged filters and injectors
Effects of Fuel Oil Deterioration
Effect: Sludge formation
Impact: Reduces tank capacity, blocks suction lines
True
False
Effects of Fuel Oil Deterioration
Effect: Operational downtime
Impact: Higher fuel consumption to maintain power output
True
False
Choose all preventive actions (Based on Manufacturer’s Recommendations)
Pre-bunkering fuel analysis and compatibility checks
Regular testing
Proper storage
Effective purification
Temperature control
