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Final Exam Earth Science

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the appearance of a mineral that can vary according to impurities?

a)

Density

b)

Cleavage

c)

Color

d)

Streak

2.

The splitting of a mineral along smooth, flat surfaces is

a)

Density

b)

Cleavage

c)

Fracture

d)

Streak

3.

The way in which a mineral reflects light is

a)

Density

b)

Luster

c)

Color

d)

Streak

4.

A measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching is

a)

Cleavage

b)

Color

c)

Streak

d)

Hardness

5.

The color of a mineral’s powder is

a)

Luster

b)

Color

c)

Density

d)

Streak

6.

Sedimentary rock is formed through the process of

a)

Compaction and Cementation

b)

Foliation

c)

Metamorphism

d)

Volcanic activity

7.

When magma cools quickly, what kind of texture does rock have?

a)

Coarse-grained

b)

Large-grained

c)

Medium-grained

d)

Fine-grained

8.

What kind of rock is formed from lava that cools on Earth’s surface?

a)

Organic sedimentary rock

b)

Clastic sedimentary rock

c)

Extrusive igneous rock

9.

What process forms sediment?

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Cementation

d)

Compaction

10.

The most abundant intrusive igneous rock is

a)

Pumice

b)

Obsidian

c)

Granite

d)

Basalt

11.

The process by which sediments settle out of water or wind carrying it is

a)

Compaction

b)

Cementation

c)

Deposition

d)

Erosion

12.

The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together is

a)

Compaction

b)

Cementation

c)

Deposition

d)

Erosion

13.

A sedimentary rock formed when rock fragments are squeezed together is called a(n)

a)

Clastic rock

b)

Organic rock

c)

Chemical rock

d)

Igneous rock

14.

Heat and pressure deep beneath Earth’s surface can change any rock into

a)

Metamentary rocks

b)

Metamorphic rocks

c)

Igneous rocks

d)

Sedimentary rocks

15.

Coal is an example of what type of sedimentary rock made from plant or animal remains?

a)

Chemical

b)

Clastic

c)

Felsic

d)

Organic

16.

Foliated and nonfoliated are terms used to describe the textures of what kind of rocks?

a)

Metamentary rocks

b)

Metamorphic rocks

c)

Igneous rocks

d)

Sedimentary rocks

17.

What is the thickest layer of the Earth?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Outer core

d)

Inner core

18.

In general, how does the density of material in Earth's layers change with depth?

a)

Density increases with depth

b)

Density decreases with depth

c)

Density does not change with depth

d)

Density increases, then decreases with depth

19.

In what state, or states of matter is Earth's inner core?

a)

Liquid

b)

Solid

c)

Gas

d)

Liquid and solid

20.

As depth beneath Earth's surface increases, temperature and pressure

a)

Both increase

b)

Both decrease

c)

Approach zero

d)

Stay the same

21.

How do geologists observe Earth's interior?

a)

By visiting deep mines

b)

Sending robots deep beneath the surface

c)

By directly looking under the many layers

d)

By recording and studying seismic waves

22.

What is the liquid layer of the Earth called

a)

Lithosphere

b)

Asthenosphere

c)

Inner core

d)

Outer core

23.

The core consists mainly of

a)

Iron

b)

Magnesium

c)

Silicon

d)

Oxygen

24.

The order of the layers of the Earth from the surface to the center is:

a)

Asthenosphere, lithosphere, mesosphere, outer core, inner core

b)

Lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, inner core

c)

Mesosphere, outer core, inner core, lithosphere, asthenosphere

d)

Lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, inner core, outer core

25.

Tectonic plates “float” on

a)

The ocean

b)

Mesosphere

c)

Asthenosphere

d)

Lithosphere

26.

New oceanic lithosphere forms as a result of

a)

Sea-floor spreading

b)

Normal polarity

c)

Reverse polarity

d)

Continental drift

27.

Tectonic plates consist of

a)

Continental crust

b)

Oceanic crust

c)

Both continental and oceanic crust

d)

Mesosphere

28.

Wegener thought that all the continents were once together in one continent called

a)

Gondwana

b)

Laurasia

c)

Eurasia

d)

Pangaea

29.

A possible result of plates moving along a transform boundary is

a)

Oceans

b)

Convection

c)

Earthquakes

d)

Sea-floor spreading

30.

Where does sea-floor spreading take place?

a)

Convergent boundaries

b)

Transform boundaries

c)

Oceanic volcanoes

d)

Mid-ocean ridges

31.

As distance increases from the mid-ocean ridge, the rocks

a)

Grow younger

b)

Grow older

c)

Do not change

d)

Become liquid

32.

What is the “Ring of Fire”?

a)

Divergent Boundary

b)

Chain of volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean

c)

Convection currents in the asthenosphere

d)

The transition between the outer and inner core

33.

Which reservoir contains the greatest amount of Earth's freshwater?

a)

Groundwater

b)

Oceans and seas

c)

Lakes and rivers

d)

Glaciers and polar ice caps

34.

Most water vapor in the atmosphere comes from

a)

Evaporation from oceans

b)

Evaporation from soil

c)

Transpiration from plants

d)

Burning of fossil fuels

35.

The energy source that powers Earth's water cycle is

a)

Earth's rotation

b)

Heat from the sun

c)

Radiation from Earth's core

d)

The sun's gravity

36.

The salts in the ocean come from

a)

Weathering and erosion of rocks

b)

Acid rain

c)

Particles falling from space

d)

Organisms that live in the ocean

37.

What causes the tides in Earth's oceans?

a)

Gravity due to the Sun and Moon

b)

Solar energy from the Sun

c)

Earth's revolution around the Sun

d)

Rotation of the Sun

38.

During the water cycle, when liquid water changes to water vapor, it is called

a)

Evaporation

b)

Condensation

c)

Precipitation

d)

Freezing

39.

Which best represents the order of seafloor features as you move from the shoreline to the deep ocean?

a)

Continental slope --continental shelf-- continental rise – mid-ocean ridge

b)

Continental rise – continental shelf – mid-ocean ridge – continental slope

c)

Continental shelf – continental slope – continental rise – mid-ocean ridge

d)

Mid-ocean ridge – continental rise – continental shelf – continental slope

40.

Which natural force creates surface currents?

a)

Gravity

b)

Sunlight

c)

Earthquakes

d)

Wind

41.

What is the measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of water called?

a)

Desalinization

b)

Water cycle

c)

Salinity

d)

Evaporation

42.

What percentage of Earth is covered by water?

a)

21%

b)

51%

c)

71%

d)

91%

43.

The curved path of global winds and surface currents are caused by

a)

The moon’s gravity

b)

The rotation of the Earth

c)

Warm air near the equator

d)

The Gulf Stream

44.

What feature of the ocean floor forms at a subduction zone?

a)

Continental shelf

b)

Continental slope

c)

Ocean trench

d)

Abyssal plain

45.

Which process increases the salinity of ocean water?

a)

Coriolis effect

b)

Convection currents

c)

Evaporation

d)

Continental deflection

46.

London is much farther north than Chicago, yet it is warmer in London in the winter than it is in Chicago. Why is the true?

a)

Waters around England are warmed by many underwater volcanoes

b)

London receives more sunshine in the winter than other places farther south

c)

London’s climate is affected by warm ocean currents that flow from the south

d)

The Sun’s rays shine at a higher angle in London than in Chicago.

47.

Many gallons of freshwater pour into the oceans each day. However, the salinity balance is maintained because

a)

Sea organisms consume freshwater

b)

The water becomes salty as it enters the ocean

c)

Water continuously evaporates back out of the ocean

d)

Salty glacial water is also evaporating from the ice caps.

48.

On a July day large cumulonimbus clouds are forming. It is warm and humid and the barometer is falling. What is the weather prediction?

a)

Fog

b)

Sunny day

c)

Snow

d)

Thunderstorms

49.

An air mass forms over Northern Canada and moves south across Minnesota. What weather conditions are likely to prevail in Minnesota?

a)

Cool and dry

b)

Cool and humid

c)

Warm and dry

d)

Warm and humid

50.

For frost to be on the grass in the morning, the water vapor in the air must do what?

a)

Evaporate and freeze

b)

Boil and condense

c)

Condense and freeze

d)

Boil and evaporate

51.

Which layer of the atmosphere does weather occur?

a)

Troposphere

b)

Ionosphere

c)

Thermosphere

d)

Mesosphere

52.

Warm air masses that form at the equator are called what?

a)

Polar air masses

b)

Continental air masses

c)

Maritime air masses

d)

Tropical air masses

53.

A hurricane that hits the coast of the southeastern United States is most likely formed in the

a)

Pacific Ocean near Hawaii

b)

Atlantic Ocean off the coast of New England

c)

Equatorial region of the Atlantic Ocean

d)

In the Arctic Ocean north of Canada

54.

Which of the following is a typical of a continental tropical air mass?

a)

Cold, dry air

b)

Cool, moist air

c)

Hot, dry air

d)

Warm, moist air

55.

Large, dark clouds that produce thunderstorms are called what?

a)

Stratocumulus

b)

Cirrostratus

c)

Altocumulus

d)

Cumulonimbus

56.

Which must be present before a hurricane can develop?

a)

A high pressure cell

b)

Warm, moist air

c)

A warm front

d)

Cool, turbulent air

57.

On a hot summer day, the wind suddenly starts to blow, clouds start to form, there is a brief thunderstorm, and it becomes cooler. What probably happened?

a)

Seasonal change began

b)

It was near sunset

c)

A warm front passed through

d)

A cold front passed through

58.

The atmosphere is

a)

The layer in which weather occurs

b)

The layer that contains the ozone layer

c)

The layer of water in the oceans

d)

The layer of gases that surrounds Earth

59.

Earth's atmosphere is important to living things because it

a)

Contains dust

b)

Is very thin compared to the size of the Earth

c)

Provides all the gases needed to live

d)

Nitrogen and hydrogen

60.

The two most abundant gases in the atmosphere are

a)

Carbon dioxide and oxygen

b)

Carbon dioxide and nitrogen

c)

Nitrogen and oxygen

d)

Nitrogen and hydrogen

61.

Sea breezes occur because

a)

Land cools off faster than water

b)

Land cools off more slowly than water

c)

Land heats up faster than water

d)

Land heats up more slowly than water

62.

Sea breezes occur during

a)

Only a full moon

b)

The day time

c)

The night time

d)

Never

63.

Clouds form when water vapor in the air

a)

Falls to the ground

b)

Is deposited as ice onto a solid surface

c)

Condenses onto a solid surface

d)

Evaporates

64.

Which is a sea breeze?

a)

Diagram A

b)

Diagram B

65.

A thunderstorm begins to form over the ocean. As it becomes larger, its winds spin with speeds of up to 80 miles an hour. Which type of storm is this?

a)

Tornado

b)

Blizzard

c)

Hurricane

d)

Monsoon

66.

Day and Night are caused by

a)

The tilt of Earth's axis

b)

Earth's revolution around the sun

c)

Eclipses

d)

Earth's rotation on its axis

67.

Earth's rotation takes about

a)

365 days

b)

6 months

c)

24 hours

d)

1 month

68.

Earth has seasons because

a)

Earth rotates on its axis

b)

The distance between Earth and the sun changes

c)

Earth's axis is tilted as it moves around the sun

d)

The temperature of the sun changes

69.

For a solar eclipse to occur,

a)

The sun must be directly between Earth and the moon

b)

The moon must be directly between the Earth and the sun

c)

The moon must be directly behind Earth

d)

Earth must be directly between the sun and the moon

70.

During what phase can a lunar eclipse occur?

a)

New moon

b)

First quarter

c)

Waxing gibbous

d)

Full moon

71.

Why are the inner planets called terrestrial planets?

a)

Because they are very hot

b)

Because they resemble Earth

c)

Because they are gas giants

d)

Because they can support life

72.

What is the largest planet in the solar system?

a)

Earth

b)

Jupiter

c)

Mars

d)

Saturn

73.

This inner planet spins with a retrograde rotation

a)

Saturn

b)

Uranus

c)

Earth

d)

Venus

74.

An astronomical unit is the average distance

a)

Between Mercury and the sun

b)

Between Mercury and Neptune

c)

Light travels in 1 minute

d)

Between the Earth and the sun

75.

What celestial body is sometimes called a dirty snowball?

a)

Meteoroid

b)

Asteroid

c)

Meteor

d)

Comet

76.

What Galaxy do we live in?

a)

Andromeda

b)

Milky Way

c)

M187

d)

Snickers

77.

What is a meteoroid called as it burns up in Earth's atmosphere?

a)

Asteroid

b)

Meteor

c)

Meteorite

d)

Comet

78.

What is a meteoroid called that reaches the surface of the Earth?

a)

Asteroid

b)

Meteor

c)

Meteorite

d)

Comet

79.

Identify the phase of the moon shown in position 79.

a)

1st Quarter

b)

Full Moon

c)

Waning Gibbous

d)

New Moon

80.

Identify the phase of the moon shown in position 80.

a)
waxing crescent
b)

waning crescent

c)

full moon

d)

new moon

81.

Identify the phase of the moon shown in position 81.

a)

Waxing Gibbous

b)

New Moon

c)

Waning Crescent

d)

First Quarter

82.

Look at the diagram of the moon phases. Identify the phase of the moon shown in position 82.

a)

Waning Crescent

b)

Full Moon

c)

First Quarter

d)

Waxing Gibbous

83.

Identify the phase of the moon shown in position 83.

a)

Third Quarter

b)

Full Moon

c)

New Moon

d)

First Quarter

84.

Identify the phase of the moon shown in position 84.

a)

Waning Gibbous

b)

New Moon

c)

First Quarter

d)

Waxing Crescent

85.

Identify the phase of the moon shown in position 85.

a)

Full Moon

b)

New Moon

c)

First Quarter

d)

Waning Crescent

86.

Identify the phase of the moon shown in position 86.

a)

New Moon

b)

Full Moon

c)

First Quarter

d)

Waxing Gibbous

87.

Which process describes the change in the rock cycle at label 87?

a)

Cementation and Compaction

b)

Heat and Pressure

c)

Cooling and Solidification

d)

Melting

e)

Weathering, Erosion and Deposition

88.

Which process describes the change in the rock cycle at label 88?

a)

Cementation and Compaction

b)

Heat and Pressure

c)

Cooling and Solidification

d)

Melting

e)

Weathering, Erosion and Deposition

89.

Which process describes the change in the rock cycle at label 89?

a)

Cementation and Compaction

b)

Heat and Pressure

c)

Cooling and Solidification

d)

Melting

e)

Weathering, Erosion and Deposition

90.

Which process describes the change in the rock cycle at label 90?

a)

Cementation and Compaction

b)

Heat and Pressure

c)

Cooling and Solidification

d)

Melting

e)

Weathering, Erosion and Deposition

91.

Which process describes the change in the rock cycle at label 91?

a)

Cementation and Compaction

b)

Heat and Pressure

c)

Cooling and Solidification

d)

Melting

e)

Weathering, Erosion and Deposition

92.

Which process describes the change in the rock cycle at label 92?

a)

Cementation and Compaction

b)

Heat and Pressure

c)

Cooling and Solidification

d)

Melting

e)

Weathering, Erosion and Deposition

93.

Which process describes the change in the rock cycle at label 93?

a)

Cementation and Compaction

b)

Heat and Pressure

c)

Cooling and Solidification

d)

Melting

e)

Weathering, Erosion and Deposition

94.

Which process describes the change in the rock cycle at label 94?

a)

Cementation and Compaction

b)

Heat and Pressure

c)

Cooling and Solidification

d)

Melting

e)

Weathering, Erosion and Deposition

95.

Which process describes the change in the rock cycle at label 95?

a)

Cementation and Compaction

b)

Heat and Pressure

c)

Cooling and Solidification

d)

Melting

e)

Weathering, Erosion and Deposition

96.

Which number represents the orbit of Saturn?

a)

4

b)

5

c)

6

d)

7

97.

Which number represents the orbit of Venus?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

98.

Which number represents Jupiter?

a)

5

b)

6

c)

7

d)

8

99.

Between which two orbits is the asteroid belt located?

a)

4 and 5

b)

8 and 9

c)

3 and 4

d)

6 and 7

100.

Which number represents the orbit of Earth?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

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