Q: Which of the following characteristics is shared by simple and facilitated diffusion of glucose?

A: Is saturable

Q: Which of the following characteristics is shared by simple and facilitated diffusion of glucose?

A: Requires metabolic energy

Q: Which of the following characteristics is shared by simple and facilitated diffusion of glucose?

A: Occurs down an electrochemical gradient

Q: Which of the following characteristics is shared by simple and facilitated diffusion of glucose?

A: Is inhibited by pre sence of galactose

Q: Which of the following characteristics is shared by simple and facilitated diffusion of glucose?

A: Requires a Na⁺ gradient

Q: During the upstroke of nerve action potential

A: there is net outward current and the cell interior becomes more negative

Q: During the upstroke of nerve action potential

A: there is net outward current and the cell interior becomes less negative

Q: During the upstroke of nerve action potential

A: there is net inward current and the cell interior becomes more negative

Q: During the upstroke of nerve action potential

A: there is net inward current and the cell interior becomes less negative

Q: Solution A and B are seperated by a semipermeable membrane that is permeable to K⁺ but not Cl^-. Solution A is 100 mM KCl, and solution B is 1 mM KCl. Which of the following statements about solution A and solution B is true?

A: K⁺ ions will diffuse from solution A to solution B until the [K⁺] of both solutions is 50.5 mM

Q: Solution A and B are seperated by a semipermeable membrane that is permeable to K+ but not Cl-. Solution A is 100 mM KCl, and solution B is 1 mM KCl. Which of the following statements about solution A and solution B is true?

A: K+ ions will diffuse from solution B to solution A until the [K+] of both solutions is 50.5 mM

Q: Solution A and B are seperated by a semipermeable membrane that is permeable to K+ but not Cl-. Solution A is 100 mM KCl, and solution B is 1 mM KCl. Which of the following statements about solution A and solution B is true?

A: KCl will diffuse from solution A to solution B until the [KCl] of both solutions is 50.5 mM

Q: Solution A and B are seperated by a semipermeable membrane that is permeable to K+ but not Cl-. Solution A is 100 mM KCl, and solution B is 1 mM KCl. Which of the following statements about solution A and solution B is true?

A: K+ ions will diffuse from solution A to solution B until the membrane potential develops with solution A negative with respect to solution B

Q: Solution A and B are seperated by a semipermeable membrane that is permeable to K+ but not Cl-. Solution A is 100 mM KCl, and solution B is 1 mM KCl. Which of the following statements about solution A and solution B is true?

A: K+ ions will diffuse from solution A to solution B until the membrane potential develops with solution A positive with respect to solution B

Q: The correct temporal sequence for events at the neuromuscular junction is

A: action potential in motor nerve; depolarization of the muscle end plate; uptake of Ca²⁺ into the presynaptic nerve terminal

Q: The correct temporal sequence for events at the neuromuscular junction is

A: uptake of Ca2+ into the presynaptic terminal; release of acetylcholin (ACh); depolarization of the muscle end plate

Q: The correct temporal sequence for events at the neuromuscular junction is

A: release of ACh; action potential in motor nerve; action potential in the muscle

Q: The correct temporal sequence for events at the neuromuscular junction is

A: uptake of Ca2+ into the motor end plate; action potential in the motor end plate; action potential in the muscle

Q: The correct temporal sequence for events at the neuromuscular junction is

A: release of ACh; action potential in the muscle end plate; action potential in the muscle

Q: Which characteristic or component is shared by skeletal muscle and smooth muscle?

A: Thick and thin filaments arranged in sarcomeres

Q: Which characteristic or component is shared by skeletal muscle and smooth muscle?

A: Troponin

Q: Which characteristic or component is shared by skeletal muscle and smooth muscle?

A: Elevation of intracellular [Ca²⁺] for excitation- contraction coupling

Q: Which characteristic or component is shared by skeletal muscle and smooth muscle?

A: Spontaneous depolarization of the membrane potential

Q: Which characteristic or component is shared by skeletal muscle and smooth muscle?

A: High degree of electrical coupling between cells

Q: Repeated stimulation of a skeletal muscle fiber causes a sustained contraction (tetanus). Accumulation of which solute in intracellular fluid is responsible for the tetanus?

A: Na⁺

Q: Repeated stimulation of a skeletal muscle fiber causes a sustained contraction (tetanus). Accumulation of which solute in intracellular fluid is responsible for the tetanus?

A: K⁺

Q: Repeated stimulation of a skeletal muscle fiber causes a sustained contraction (tetanus). Accumulation of which solute in intracellular fluid is responsible for the tetanus?

A: Cl^-

Q: Repeated stimulation of a skeletal muscle fiber causes a sustained contraction (tetanus). Accumulation of which solute in intracellular fluid is responsible for the tetanus?

A: Mg²⁺

Q: Repeated stimulation of a skeletal muscle fiber causes a sustained contraction (tetanus). Accumulation of which solute in intracellular fluid is responsible for the tetanus?

A: Ca²⁺

Q: Repeated stimulation of a skeletal muscle fiber causes a sustained contraction (tetanus). Accumulation of which solute in intracellular fluid is responsible for the tetanus?

A: Troponin

Q: Repeated stimulation of a skeletal muscle fiber causes a sustained contraction (tetanus). Accumulation of which solute in intracellular fluid is responsible for the tetanus?

A: Calmodulin

Q: Repeated stimulation of a skeletal muscle fiber causes a sustained contraction (tetanus). Accumulation of which solute in intracellular fluid is responsible for the tetanus?

A: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Q: Solutions A and B are separated by a membrane that is permeable to Ca²⁺ and impermeable to Cl^-. Solution A contains 10 mM CaCl₂. Assuming that 2.3 RT/F= 60mV, Ca²⁺ will be at electrochemical equilibrium when

A: solution A is +60 mV

Q: Solutions A and B are separated by a membrane that is permeable to Ca2+ and impermeable to Cl-. Solution A contains 10 mM CaCl2. Assuming that 2.3 RT/F= 60mV, Ca2+ will be at electrochemical equilibrium when

A: solution A is +30 mV

Q: Solutions A and B are separated by a membrane that is permeable to Ca2+ and impermeable to Cl-. Solution A contains 10 mM CaCl2. Assuming that 2.3 RT/F= 60mV, Ca2+ will be at electrochemical equilibrium when

A: solution A is -60 mV

Q: Solutions A and B are separated by a membrane that is permeable to Ca2+ and impermeable to Cl-. Solution A contains 10 mM CaCl2. Assuming that 2.3 RT/F= 60mV, Ca2+ will be at electrochemical equilibrium when

A: solution A is -30mV

Q: Solutions A and B are separated by a membrane that is permeable to Ca2+ and impermeable to Cl-. Solution A contains 10 mM CaCl2. Assuming that 2.3 RT/F= 60mV, Ca2+ will be at electrochemical equilibrium when

A: solution A is +120 mV

Q: Solutions A and B are separated by a membrane that is permeable to Ca2+ and impermeable to Cl-. Solution A contains 10 mM CaCl2. Assuming that 2.3 RT/F= 60mV, Ca2+ will be at electrochemical equilibrium when

A: solution A is -120 mV

Q: Solutions A and B are separated by a membrane that is permeable to Ca2+ and impermeable to Cl-. Solution A contains 10 mM CaCl2. Assuming that 2.3 RT/F= 60mV, Ca2+ will be at electrochemical equilibrium when

A: the Ca²⁺ concentrations of the two solutions are equal

Q: Solutions A and B are separated by a membrane that is permeable to Ca2+ and impermeable to Cl-. Solution A contains 10 mM CaCl2. Assuming that 2.3 RT/F= 60mV, Ca2+ will be at electrochemical equilibrium when

A: the concentrations of the two solutions are equal

Q: A 42-year-old man with myasthenia gravis notes increased muscle strength when he is treated with an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. The basis for his improvement is increased

A: amount of ACh released from motor nerves

Q: A 42-year-old man with myasthenia gravis notes increased muscle strength when he is treated with an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. The basis for his improvement is increased

A: levels of ACh at the muscle end plates

Q: A 42-year-old man with myasthenia gravis notes increased muscle strength when he is treated with an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. The basis for his improvement is increased

A: number of ACh receptors on the muscle end plates

Q: A 42-year-old man with myasthenia gravis notes increased muscle strength when he is treated with an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. The basis for his improvement is increased

A: amount of norepinephrine released from motor nerves

Q: A 42-year-old man with myasthenia gravis notes increased muscle strength when he is treated with an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. The basis for his improvement is increased

A: synthesis of norepinephrine in motor nerves

Q: In a hospital error, a 60-year-old woman is infused with large volumes of a solution that causes lysis of her red blood cells (RBCs). The solution was most likely

A: 150 mM NaCl

Q: In a hospital error, a 60-year-old woman is infused with large volumes of a solution that causes lysis of her red blood cells (RBCs). The solution was most likely

A: 300 mM mannitol

Q: In a hospital error, a 60-year-old woman is infused with large volumes of a solution that causes lysis of her red blood cells (RBCs). The solution was most likely

A: 350 mM mannitol

Q: In a hospital error, a 60-year-old woman is infused with large volumes of a solution that causes lysis of her red blood cells (RBCs). The solution was most likely

A: 300 mM urea

Q: In a hospital error, a 60-year-old woman is infused with large volumes of a solution that causes lysis of her red blood cells (RBCs). The solution was most likely

A: 150 mM CaCl₂

Q: During a nerve action potential, a stimulus is delivered as indicated by the arrow shown in the following figure. In response to the stimulus, a second action potential

A: of smaller magnitude will occur

Q: During a nerve action potential, a stimulus is delivered as indicated by the arrow shown in the following figure. In response to the stimulus, a second action potential

A: of normal magnitude will occur

Q: During a nerve action potential, a stimulus is delivered as indicated by the arrow shown in the following figure. In response to the stimulus, a second action potential

A: of normal magnitude will occur but will be delayed

Q: During a nerve action potential, a stimulus is delivered as indicated by the arrow shown in the following figure. In response to the stimulus, a second action potential

A: will occur but will not have an overshoot

Q: During a nerve action potential, a stimulus is delivered as indicated by the arrow shown in the following figure. In response to the stimulus, a second action potential

A: will not occur

Q: Solutions A and B are separated by a membrane that is permeable to urea. Solution A is 10 mM urea, and solution B is 5 mM urea. If the concentration of urea in solution A is doubled, the flux of urea across the membrane will

A: double

Q: Solutions A and B are separated by a membrane that is permeable to urea. Solution A is 10 mM urea, and solution B is 5 mM urea. If the concentration of urea in solution A is doubled, the flux of urea across the membrane will

A: triple

Q: Solutions A and B are separated by a membrane that is permeable to urea. Solution A is 10 mM urea, and solution B is 5 mM urea. If the concentration of urea in solution A is doubled, the flux of urea across the membrane will

A: be unchanged

Q: Solutions A and B are separated by a membrane that is permeable to urea. Solution A is 10 mM urea, and solution B is 5 mM urea. If the concentration of urea in solution A is doubled, the flux of urea across the membrane will

A: decrease to one-half

Q: Solutions A and B are separated by a membrane that is permeable to urea. Solution A is 10 mM urea, and solution B is 5 mM urea. If the concentration of urea in solution A is doubled, the flux of urea across the membrane will

A: decrease to one-third

Q: A muscle cell has an intracellular [Na+] of 14 mM and an extracellular [Na+] of 140 mM. Assuming that 2.3 RT/F = 60 mV, what would the membrane potential be if the muscle cell membrane were permeable only to Na+?

(A) 80 mV

Q: A muscle cell has an intracellular [Na+] of 14 mM and an extracellular [Na+] of 140 mM. Assuming that 2.3 RT/F = 60 mV, what would the membrane potential be if the muscle cell membrane were permeable only to Na+?

(A) −60 mV

Q: A muscle cell has an intracellular [Na+] of 14 mM and an extracellular [Na+] of 140 mM. Assuming that 2.3 RT/F = 60 mV, what would the membrane potential be if the muscle cell membrane were permeable only to Na+?

(A) 0 mV

Q: A muscle cell has an intracellular [Na+] of 14 mM and an extracellular [Na+] of 140 mM. Assuming that 2.3 RT/F = 60 mV, what would the membrane potential be if the muscle cell membrane were permeable only to Na+?

(A) +60 mV

Q: A muscle cell has an intracellular [Na+] of 14 mM and an extracellular [Na+] of 140 mM. Assuming that 2.3 RT/F = 60 mV, what would the membrane potential be if the muscle cell membrane were permeable only to Na+?

(A) +80 mV

Q: At which labeled point on the action potential is K+ closest to electrochemical equilibrium?

(A) 1

Q: At which labeled point on the action potential is K+ closest to electrochemical equilibrium?

(A) 2

Q: At which labeled point on the action potential is K+ closest to electrochemical equilibrium?

(A) 3

Q: At which labeled point on the action potential is K+ closest to electrochemical equilibrium?

(A) 4

Q: At which labeled point on the action potential is K+ closest to electrochemical equilibrium?

(A) 5

Q: What process is responsible for the change in membrane potential that occurs between point 1 and point 3?

(A) Movement of Na+ into the cell

Q: What process is responsible for the change in membrane potential that occurs between point 1 and point 3?

(A) Movement of Na+ out of the cell

Q: What process is responsible for the change in membrane potential that occurs between point 1 and point 3?

(A) Movement of K+ into the cell

Q: What process is responsible for the change in membrane potential that occurs between point 1 and point 3?

(A) Movement of K+ out of the cell

Q: What process is responsible for the change in membrane potential that occurs between point 1 and point 3?

(A) Activation of the Na+–K+ pump

Q: What process is responsible for the change in membrane potential that occurs between point 1 and point 3?

(A) Inhibition of the Na+–K+ pump

Q: What process is responsible for the change in membrane potential that occurs between point 3 and point 4?

(A) Movement of Na+ into the cell

Q: What process is responsible for the change in membrane potential that occurs between point 3 and point 4?

(A) Movement of Na+ out of the cell

Q: What process is responsible for the change in membrane potential that occurs between point 3 and point 4?

(A) Movement of K+ into the cell

Q: What process is responsible for the change in membrane potential that occurs between point 3 and point 4?

(A) Movement of K+ out of the cell

Q: What process is responsible for the change in membrane potential that occurs between point 3 and point 4?

(A) Activation of the Na+–K+ pump

Q: What process is responsible for the change in membrane potential that occurs between point 3 and point 4?

A: Inhibition of the Na+–K+ pump

Q: The velocity of conduction of action potentials along a nerve will be increased by

(A) stimulating the Na+–K+ pump

Q: The velocity of conduction of action potentials along a nerve will be increased by

(A) inhibiting the Na+–K+ pump

Q: The velocity of conduction of action potentials along a nerve will be increased by

(A) decreasing the diameter of the nerve

Q: The velocity of conduction of action potentials along a nerve will be increased by

(A) myelinating the nerve

Q: The velocity of conduction of action potentials along a nerve will be increased by

(A) lengthening the nerve fiber

Q: Solutions A and B are separated by a semipermeable membrane. Solution A contains 1 mM sucrose and 1 mM urea. Solution B contains 1 mM sucrose. The reflection coefficient for sucrose is one, and the reflection coefficient for urea is zero. Which of the following statements about these solutions is correct?

(A) Solution A has a higher effective osmotic pressure than solution B

Q: Solutions A and B are separated by a semipermeable membrane. Solution A contains 1 mM sucrose and 1 mM urea. Solution B contains 1 mM sucrose. The reflection coefficient for sucrose is one, and the reflection coefficient for urea is zero. Which of the following statements about these solutions is correct?

(A) Solution A has a lower effective osmotic pressure than solution B

Q: Solutions A and B are separated by a semipermeable membrane. Solution A contains 1 mM sucrose and 1 mM urea. Solution B contains 1 mM sucrose. The reflection coefficient for sucrose is one, and the reflection coefficient for urea is zero. Which of the following statements about these solutions is correct?

(A) Solutions A and B are isosmotic

Q: Solutions A and B are separated by a semipermeable membrane. Solution A contains 1 mM sucrose and 1 mM urea. Solution B contains 1 mM sucrose. The reflection coefficient for sucrose is one, and the reflection coefficient for urea is zero. Which of the following statements about these solutions is correct?

(A) Solution A is hyperosmotic with respect to

solution B, and the solutions are isotonic

Q: Solutions A and B are separated by a semipermeable membrane. Solution A contains 1 mM sucrose and 1 mM urea. Solution B contains 1 mM sucrose. The reflection coefficient for sucrose is one, and the reflection coefficient for urea is zero. Which of the following statements about these solutions is correct?

(A) Solution A is hyposmotic with respect to

solution B, and the solutions are isotonic

Q: Transport of D- and L-glucose proceeds

at the same rate down an electrochemical gradient by which of the following processes?

(A) Simple diffusion

Q: Transport of D- and L-glucose proceeds

at the same rate down an electrochemical gradient by which of the following processes?

(A) Facilitated diffusion

Q: Transport of D- and L-glucose proceeds

at the same rate down an electrochemical gradient by which of the following processes?

(A) Primary active transport

Q: Transport of D- and L-glucose proceeds

at the same rate down an electrochemical gradient by which of the following processes?

(A) Cotransport

Q: Transport of D- and L-glucose proceeds

at the same rate down an electrochemical gradient by which of the following processes?

(A) Countertransport

Q: Which of the following will double the

permeability of a solute in a lipid bilayer?

(A) Doubling the molecular radius of the solute

Q: Which of the following will double the

permeability of a solute in a lipid bilayer?

(A) Doubling the oil/water partition coefficient of the solute

Q: Which of the following will double the

permeability of a solute in a lipid bilayer?

(A) Doubling the thickness of the bilayer

Q: Which of the following will double the

permeability of a solute in a lipid bilayer?

(A) Doubling the concentration difference of

the solute across the bilayer

Q: A newly developed local anesthetic blocks Na+ channels in nerves. Which of the following effects on the action potential would it be expected to produce?

(A) Decrease the rate of rise of the upstroke of the action potential

Q: A newly developed local anesthetic blocks Na+ channels in nerves. Which of the following effects on the action potential would it be expected to produce?

(A) Shorten the absolute refractory period

Q: A newly developed local anesthetic blocks Na+ channels in nerves. Which of the following effects on the action potential would it be expected to produce?

(A) Abolish the hyperpolarizing

afterpotential

Q: A newly developed local anesthetic blocks Na+ channels in nerves. Which of the following effects on the action potential would it be expected to produce?

(A) Increase the Na+ equilibrium potential

Q: A newly developed local anesthetic blocks Na+ channels in nerves. Which of the following effects on the action potential would it be expected to produce?

(A) Decrease the Na+ equilibrium potential

Q: At the muscle end plate, acetylcholine

(ACh) causes the opening of

(A) Na+ channels and depolarization toward the Na+ equilibrium potential

Q: At the muscle end plate, acetylcholine

(ACh) causes the opening of

(A) K+ channels and depolarization toward the K+ equilibrium potential

Q: At the muscle end plate, acetylcholine

(ACh) causes the opening of

(A) Ca2+ channels and depolarization toward the Ca2+ equilibrium potential

Q: At the muscle end plate, acetylcholine

(ACh) causes the opening of

(A) Na+ and K+ channels and hyperpolarization to a value halfway between the Na+ and K+ equilibrium potentials

Q: At the muscle end plate, acetylcholine

(ACh) causes the opening of

(A): Na+ and K+ channels and depolarization to a value halfway between the Na+ and K+ equilibrium potentials

Q: An inhibitory postsynaptic potential

A: depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane by opening Na+ channels

Q: An inhibitory postsynaptic potential

A: depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane by opening K+ channels

Q: An inhibitory postsynaptic potential

A: hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane by opening Ca2+ channels

Q: An inhibitory postsynaptic potential

A: hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane by opening Cl− channels

Q: Which of the following would occur as a result of the inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase?

A: Decreased intracellular Na+ concentration

Q: Which of the following would occur as a result of the inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase?

A: Increased intracellular K+ concentration

Q: Which of the following would occur as a result of the inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase?

A: Increased Na+–glucose cotransport

Q: Which of the following would occur as a result of the inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase?

A: Increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration

Q: Which of the following would occur as a result of the inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase?

A: Increased Na+–Ca2+ exchange

Q: Which of the following temporal sequences is correct for excitation– contraction coupling in skeletal muscle?

A: Release of Ca2+ from the SR; depolarization of the T tubules; binding of Ca2+ to troponin C

Q: Which of the following temporal sequences is correct for excitation– contraction coupling in skeletal muscle?

A: Action potential in the muscle membrane; splitting of adenosine triphosphate (ATP); binding of Ca2+ to troponin C

Q: Which of the following temporal sequences is correct for excitation– contraction coupling in skeletal muscle?

A: Action potential in the muscle membrane; depolarization of the T tubules; release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

Q: Which of the following temporal sequences is correct for excitation– contraction coupling in skeletal muscle?

A: Increased intracellular [Ca2+]; action potential in the muscle membrane; cross-bridge formation

Q: Which of the following transport processes is involved if transport of glucose from the intestinal lumen into a small intestinal cell is inhibited by abolishing the usual Na+ gradient across the cell membrane?

A: Countertransport

Q: Which of the following transport processes is involved if transport of glucose from the intestinal lumen into a small intestinal cell is inhibited by abolishing the usual Na+ gradient across the cell membrane?

A: Cotransport

Q: Which of the following transport processes is involved if transport of glucose from the intestinal lumen into a small intestinal cell is inhibited by abolishing the usual Na+ gradient across the cell membrane?

A: Primary active transport

Q: Which of the following transport processes is involved if transport of glucose from the intestinal lumen into a small intestinal cell is inhibited by abolishing the usual Na+ gradient across the cell membrane?

A: Facilitated diffusion

Q: Which of the following transport processes is involved if transport of glucose from the intestinal lumen into a small intestinal cell is inhibited by abolishing the usual Na+ gradient across the cell membrane?

A: Simple diffusion

Q: In skeletal muscle, which of the following events occurs before depolarization of the T tubules in the mechanism of excitation– contraction coupling?

A: Opening of Ca2+ release channels on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

Q: In skeletal muscle, which of the following events occurs before depolarization of the T tubules in the mechanism of excitation– contraction coupling?

A: Uptake of Ca2+ into the SR by Ca2+- adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase)

Q: In skeletal muscle, which of the following events occurs before depolarization of the T tubules in the mechanism of excitation– contraction coupling?

A: Binding of Ca2+ to troponin C

Q: In skeletal muscle, which of the following events occurs before depolarization of the T tubules in the mechanism of excitation– contraction coupling?

A: Binding of actin and myosin

Q: In skeletal muscle, which of the following events occurs before depolarization of the T tubules in the mechanism of excitation– contraction coupling?

A: Depolarization of the sarcolemmal membrane

Q: Which of the following is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS)?

A: Glutamate

Q: Which of the following is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS)?

A: γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Q: Which of the following is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS)?

A: Serotonin

Q: Which of the following is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS)?

A: Histamine

Q: Which of the following is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS)?

A: Norepinephrine

Q: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used indirectly for which of the following processes?

A: Transport of K+ from extracellular to intracellular fluid

Q: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used indirectly for which of the following processes?

A: Transport of Na+ from intracellular to extracellular fluid

Q: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used indirectly for which of the following processes?

A: Transport of H+ from parietal cells into the lumen of the stomach

Q: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used indirectly for which of the following processes?

A: Absorption of glucose by intestinal epithelial cells

Q: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used indirectly for which of the following processes?

A: Accumulation of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

Q: Which of the following causes rigor in skeletal muscle?

A: An increase in intracellular Ca2+ level

Q: Which of the following causes rigor in skeletal muscle?

A: A decrease in intracellular Ca2+ level

Q: Which of the following causes rigor in skeletal muscle?

A: An increase in adenosine triphosphate

(ATP) level

Q: Which of the following causes rigor in skeletal muscle?

A: A decrease in ATP level

Q: Which of the following causes rigor in skeletal muscle?

A: Lack of action potentials in motoneurons

Q: Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons has been implicated in

A: schizophrenia

Q: Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons has been implicated in

A: Parkinson disease

Q: Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons has been implicated in

A: myasthenia gravis

Q: Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons has been implicated in

A: curare poisoning

Q: Assuming complete dissociation of all solutes, which of the following solutions would be hyperosmotic to 1 mM NaCl?

A: 1 mM glucose

Q: Assuming complete dissociation of all solutes, which of the following solutions would be hyperosmotic to 1 mM NaCl?

A: 1.5 mM glucose

Q: Assuming complete dissociation of all solutes, which of the following solutions would be hyperosmotic to 1 mM NaCl?

A: 1 mM CaCl2

Q: Assuming complete dissociation of all solutes, which of the following solutions would be hyperosmotic to 1 mM NaCl?

A: 1 mM sucrose

Q: Assuming complete dissociation of all solutes, which of the following solutions would be hyperosmotic to 1 mM NaCl?

A: 1 mM KCl

Q: A new drug is developed that blocks the transporter for H+ secretion in gastric parietal cells. Which of the following transport processes is being inhibited?

A: Countertransport

Q: A new drug is developed that blocks the transporter for H+ secretion in gastric parietal cells. Which of the following transport processes is being inhibited?

A: Cotransport

Q: A new drug is developed that blocks the transporter for H+ secretion in gastric parietal cells. Which of the following transport processes is being inhibited?

A: Primary active transport

Q: A new drug is developed that blocks the transporter for H+ secretion in gastric parietal cells. Which of the following transport processes is being inhibited?

A: Facilitated diffusion

Q: A new drug is developed that blocks the transporter for H+ secretion in gastric parietal cells. Which of the following transport processes is being inhibited?

A: Simple diffusion

Q: A 56-year-old woman with severe muscle weakness is hospitalized. The only abnormality in her laboratory values is an elevated serum K+ concentration. The elevated serum K+ causes muscle weakness because

A: the resting membrane potential is hyperpolarized

Q: A 56-year-old woman with severe muscle weakness is hospitalized. The only abnormality in her laboratory values is an elevated serum K+ concentration. The elevated serum K+ causes muscle weakness because

A: the K+ equilibrium potential is hyperpolarized

Q: A 56-year-old woman with severe muscle weakness is hospitalized. The only abnormality in her laboratory values is an elevated serum K+ concentration. The elevated serum K+ causes muscle weakness because

A: the Na+ equilibrium potential is hyperpolarized

Q: A 56-year-old woman with severe muscle weakness is hospitalized. The only abnormality in her laboratory values is an elevated serum K+ concentration. The elevated serum K+ causes muscle weakness because

A: K+ channels are closed by depolarization

Q: A 56-year-old woman with severe muscle weakness is hospitalized. The only abnormality in her laboratory values is an elevated serum K+ concentration. The elevated serum K+ causes muscle weakness because

A: K+ channels are opened by

depolarization

Q: A 56-year-old woman with severe muscle weakness is hospitalized. The only abnormality in her laboratory values is an elevated serum K+ concentration. The elevated serum K+ causes muscle weakness because

A: Na+ channels are closed by depolarization

Q: A 56-year-old woman with severe muscle weakness is hospitalized. The only abnormality in her laboratory values is an elevated serum K+ concentration. The elevated serum K+ causes muscle weakness because

A: Na+channels are opened by depolarization

Q: In contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle, which of the following events occurs after binding of Ca2+ to calmodulin?

A: Depolarization of the sarcolemmal membrane

Q: In contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle, which of the following events occurs after binding of Ca2+ to calmodulin?

A: Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release

Q: In contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle, which of the following events occurs after binding of Ca2+ to calmodulin?

A: Increased myosin-light-chain kinase

Q: In contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle, which of the following events occurs after binding of Ca2+ to calmodulin?

A: Increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration

Q: In contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle, which of the following events occurs after binding of Ca2+ to calmodulin?

A: Opening of ligand-gated Ca2+ channels

Q: In an experimental preparation of a nerve axon, membrane potential (Em), K+ equilibrium potential, and K+ conductance can bemeasured.Whichcombinationofvalues will create the largest outward current flow?

A: (A)

Q: In an experimental preparation of a nerve axon, membrane potential (Em), K+ equilibrium potential, and K+ conductance can bemeasured.Whichcombinationofvalues will create the largest outward current flow?

A: (B)

Q: In an experimental preparation of a nerve axon, membrane potential (Em), K+ equilibrium potential, and K+ conductance can bemeasured.Whichcombinationofvalues will create the largest outward current flow?

A: (C)

Q: In an experimental preparation of a nerve axon, membrane potential (Em), K+ equilibrium potential, and K+ conductance can bemeasured.Whichcombinationofvalues will create the largest outward current flow?

A: (D)

Q: In an experimental preparation of a nerve axon, membrane potential (Em), K+ equilibrium potential, and K+ conductance can bemeasured.Whichcombinationofvalues will create the largest outward current flow?

A: (E)

Q: In an experimental preparation of a nerve axon, membrane potential (Em), K+ equilibrium potential, and K+ conductance can bemeasured.Whichcombinationofvalues will create the largest outward current flow?

A: (F)