Removal of water from rivers, lakes, or groundwater for human use.

A large company operating in a number of countries and often involved in a variety of economic activities.

Judging the amount of damage an area might expect from any given hazard.

A bank of sediment formed along the edge of a river channel deposited by floodwater.

The ease with which one location can be reached from another; the degree to which people are able to obtain goods and services, such as housing and healthcare.

An area of low pressure with winds moving in a spiral around the calm central point called the eye of the storm. Winds are powerful and rain heavy.

The variation (seasonal pattern) in river discharge over the course of a year.

The movement of weathered rock down slope without the direct action of running water.

People altering their behaviour to prepare for natural hazards, and reduce their impact.

People who make important decisions affecting urban areas such as planners, politicians and developers.

When the urban way of life spreads to rural areas.

A pronounced bend in a river.

Help given by more wealthy nations (HICs) to less well-off nations (LICs), mainly to encourage development.

Changing the image of an urban area and the way people view it.

A process of transportation. Smaller stones are bounced along the bed of a river in a leap-frogging motion.

A city or urban area with a population larger than 10 million.

That part of a river's discharge fed by groundwater.

The investment of capital in the revival of old urban areas by either improving what is there or clearing it away and rebuilding.

Economic activities concerned with manufacturing and making things, such as electricity, buildings, cars, and food.

Reducing the risk from natural hazards before they happen, such as building earthquake-proof buildings.

Land that has been previously used, abandoned, and now awaits a new use.

The process by which a greater proportion of people live in towns or cities.

When people in shanty towns/squatter settlements gradually improve their own housing and surroundings. Often they are helped by an NGO.

Recording physical changes, such as earthquake tremors around a volcano or tracking a hurricane by satellite, to help predict when and where a natural hazard might strike.

Case Study: Hurricane Katrina and Typhoon Haiyan

A linear depression in the landscape formed by erosion, usually with a river channel at its lowest point.

An area of slum housing built of salvaged materials and located either on the city edge or within the city on hazardous ground previously avoided by urban development.

Energy produced from resources that cannot be replaced once they are used.

Case study: Mount Pinatubo or Mount St. Helens

The speed of water flow in the river channel.

Areas where water supply is lower/higher than water demand from humans.

A crescent-shaped lake which forms when a meander bend is cut off from the main river channel.

Case study: River Thames, United Kingdom

An opening in the Earth's crust out of which lava, ash, and gases erupt.

When the well-being and quality of life of people fall below a minimum level.

An area remote or isolated from its core and generally lagging in terms of development and influence.

The part of a valley floor occupied by the flowing water of a stream or river.

A measure of how fit for human consumption water is. Polluted water has low water quality.

The clustering together of people with similar characteristics (class, wealth, ethnicity) into separate residential areas.

A decision maker whose job is to decide how to use land, e.g., where to build roads or houses. Planners often decide to conserve areas such as Greenfield sites by not allowing development.

The system of tributary streams that join increasingly larger river channels in a drainage basin.

A river landform created by erosion, where water drops steeply/vertically as it flows over a cliff-like feature.

A group of people sharing the same characteristics such as income level, type of employment, and class.

A condition where people are seriously lacking in terms of income, food, housing, basic services (clean water and sewage disposal), and access to education and healthcare.

Hazards caused by weather in the atmosphere (drought, flood, storm)

The dividing line between one drainage basin and another.

A process of transportation. Dissolved material is transported by the river.

The deposition of moisture on the Earth's surface, in the form of dew, frost, rain, hail, sleet, or snow.

Acute overcrowding caused by high densities of traffic, businesses, and people.

The chemical alteration and physical breakdown of rock in situ.

Similar to shanty towns where people with no legal right to the area live.

Being able to say when and where a natural hazard will strike. This can be done, to some extent, for volcanic eruptions and hurricanes, but not for earthquakes.

Most important economic, social, and political areas of a country or global region.

Shows how land use and environmental quality change as you move out from the CBD. Four rings: 1) CBD - High-value retail, restaurants 2) Inner city - terraced housing, lower environmental quality 3) Outer city/suburbs - More green space, environmental quality improves 4) Rural-urban fringe - Detached housing, open space.

Places within a system where materials or energy are held for a time.

Actions taken before a hazard strikes to reduce its impact, such as educating people or improving building design.

The movement of population and employment from major cities to smaller cities and towns as well as to rural areas.

When fine material rubs against the river bank, and the bank is worn away.

The flow of surface water in a well-defined channel.

Economic activities concerned with natural resources, such as farming and mining.

A barrier (made of earth, concrete, or stone) built across a valley to interrupt river flow and create a man‐made lake (reservoir) to store water.

Removal of water from rivers, lakes, or groundwater for human use.

The outward spread of the urban area, often at lower densities compared to the older parts of a city or town.

The degree of well-being and satisfaction felt by people in a particular area.

The damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society, such as housing, diet, and healthcare.

The ease with which one location can be reached from another; the degree to which people are able to obtain goods and services, such as housing and healthcare.

A process of transportation. Fine material, light enough in weight to be carried by the river. It is this material that discolors the water.

Economic activities concerned with highly skilled and technological services, such as collecting and processing information and research and development (R&D).

People in LICs migrate into urban areas in search of jobs. This causes the area to become more urbanised. As a country changes from an LIC to an MIC, there is accelerating urbanisation until it gradually turns into a HIC. Then counter-urbanisation occurs in HICs as people move out of urban areas.

People altering their behaviour to prepare for natural hazards and reduce their impact.

A natural hazard caused by plate tectonics (volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis, as well as some landslides).

Regeneration that also tries to give an area a new image. Rebranded areas often have names and logos, e.g., MediaCityUK in Salford.

economic and social progress of a country that leads to an improvement in quality of life and standard of living

Help given by more wealthy nations (HICs) to less well-off nations (LICs), mainly to encourage development.

A rigid segment of the Earth's crust which can 'float' across the heavier, semi-molten rock below. Continental plates are less dense, but thicker than oceanic plates. Movement occurs.

Energy produced from sources that cannot be exhausted.

the difference in levels of development and standards of living between HIC and LIC

That part of a river's discharge fed by groundwater.

Economic activities concerned with providing a wide range of services and enable goods to be traded.

The results of a natural hazard taking place, such as deaths, injuries, and destruction of property.

Land that has been previously used, abandoned, and now awaits a new use.

A process of transportation. Large rocks and boulders are rolled along the bed of the river.

Immediate help given after a disaster, including the emergency response such as firefighters and search and rescue teams.

Case study: Hurricane Katrina and Typhoon Haiyan

Flows of water between stores in the hydrological cycle.

The quantity of water that passes a given point on a stream or riverbank within a given period of time.

Case study: Mount Pinatubo or Mount St. Helens

A large company operating in a number of countries and often involved in a variety of economic activities.

Catchment area of a river.

Case study: River Ganges, Bangladesh.

An area of low pressure with winds moving in a spiral around the calm central point called the eye of the storm. Winds are powerful and rain heavy.

The area drained by a river and its tributaries, bounded by a watershed.

The part of a valley floor occupied by the flowing water of a stream or river.

People who make important decisions affecting urban areas such as planners, politicians and developers.

A sudden or violent movement within the Earth's crust followed by a series of shocks.

The system of tributary streams that join increasingly larger river channels in a drainage basin.

Changing the image of an urban area and the way people view it.

A major division of the economy based on the type of economic activity.

Hazards caused by weather in the atmosphere (drought, flood, storm).

The investment of capital in the revival of old urban areas by either improving what is there or clearing it away and rebuilding.

Heat and motive power provided by the Sun and burning fuel; or by electricity, gas, steam, and nuclear power.

Acute overcrowding caused by high densities of traffic, businesses, and people.

The process by which a greater proportion of people live in towns or cities.

The amount of energy used by individuals, groups or countries.

most important economic, social and political ares of a country or global region

A linear depression in the landscape formed by erosion, usually with a river channel at its lowest point.

Making the most of energy sources to cut down on waste and consumption.

The movement of population and employment from major cities to smaller cities and towns as well as to rural areas.

The speed of water flow in the river channel.

A gap created because of the loss of energy caused by phasing out fossil fuels is greater than the amount of energy being developed by "green" sources.

A barrier (made on earth, concrete or stone) built across a valley to interrupt river flow and create a man-made lake (reservoir) to store water.

An opening in the Earth's crust out of which lava, ash and gases erupt.

The degree to which an area is free from air, water, noise, and visual pollution.

The damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society, such as housing, diet, and healthcare.

A measure of how fit for human consumption water is. Polluted water has low water quality.

The wearing down of the land by water, ice, wind, and gravity.

People in LICs migrate into urban areas in search of jobs. This causes the area to become more urbanized. As a country changes from an LIC to an MIC, there is accelerating urbanization until it gradually turns into a HIC. Then counter-urbanization occurs in HICs as people move out of urban areas.

A river landform created by erosion, where water drops steeply/vertically as it flows over a cliff-like feature.

A group of people united by a common characteristic such as race, nationality, language, or religion.

Economic and social progress of a country that leads to an improvement in quality of life and standard of living.

The dividing line between one drainage basin and another.

Moving people from dangerous locations when a natural hazard, such as a hurricane, has been predicted.

The difference in levels of development and standards of living between HIC and LIC.

The chemical alteration and physical breakdown of rock in situ.

When river discharge exceeds river channel capacity and water spills out of the channel onto the floodplain and other areas.

The results of a natural hazard taking place, such as deaths, injuries, and destruction of property.

Shows how land use and environmental quality change as you move out from the CBD. Four rings: 1) CBD - High-value retail, restaurants 2) Inner city - terraced housing, lower environmental quality 3) Outer city/suburbs - More green space, environmental quality improves 4) Rural-urban fringe - Detached housing, open space.

The part of a valley floor over which a river spreads during seasonal floods.

Immediate help given after a disaster, including the emergency response such as firefighters and search and rescue teams.

When fine material rubs against the riverbank, and the bank is worn away.

Carbon fuels that cannot be remade because it takes tens of millions of years to reform.

The quantity of water that passes a given point on a stream or riverbank within a given period of time.

Removal of water from rivers, lakes, or groundwater for human use.

when trade between countries is not restricted by, for example, import duties or not being a member of a group of trading nations

catchment area of a river

The ease with which one location can be reached from another; the degree to which people are able to obtain goods and services, such as housing and healthcare.

The total value of goods and services produced by a country during a specific period.

The area drained by a river and its tributaries, bounded by a watershed.

People altering their behaviour to prepare for natural hazards, and reduce their impact.

The movement of manufacturing from HICs to cheaper production locations in LICs.

A sudden or violent movement within the Earth's crust followed by a series of shocks.

Help given by more wealthy nations (HICs) to less well-off nations (LICs), mainly to encourage development.

The GDP of a country plus all the income earned by investments abroad.

A major division of the economy based on the type of economic activity.

That part of a river's discharge fed by groundwater.

An area of protected land around large urban areas in the UK with strict building regulations. The aim of them being to restrict urban sprawl.

Heat and motive power provided by the Sun and burning fuel; or by electricity, gas, steam and nuclear power; or by electricity, gas, steam and nuclear power.

Land that has been previously used, abandoned and now awaits a new use.

Land that has not been used for urban development.

The amount of energy used by individuals, groups, or countries.

Case study: Hurricane Katrina and Typhoon Haiyan.

A natural event (e.g., earthquake, flood, landslide, volcanic eruption) that threatens or causes damage, destruction, and death.

Making the most of energy sources to cut down on waste and consumption.

Case study: Mount Pinatubo or Mount St. Helens

Economic activities that rely on advanced scientific research and produce new, innovative, and technologically advanced products.

A gap created because the loss of energy caused by phasing out fossil fuels is greater than the amount of energy being developed by "green" sources.

Case study: River Ganges, Bangladesh

The sheer force of water hitting the banks of a river

The degree to which an area is free from air, water, noise and visual pollution

The part of a valley floor occupied by the flowing water of a stream or river.

A graph on which variations in a river's discharge are plotted against time.

The wearing down of the land by water, ice, wind, and gravity.

The system of tributary streams that join increasingly larger river channels in a drainage basin.

The unending movement of water between land, sea, and atmosphere.

A group of people united by a common characteristic such as race, nationality, language, or religion.

Hazards caused by weather in the atmosphere (drought, flood, storm).