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WorksheetsQ1 - Week 1 - 3 Review
Total questions: 25
Worksheet time: 13mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following best reflects the purpose of descriptive statistics?
a)
Predict future outcomes
b)
Determine cause-and-effect
c)
Summarize and organize data
d)
Test research hypotheses
2.
A researcher measures reaction time in milliseconds. What level of measurement is this?
a)
Nominal
b)
Ordinal
c)
Interval
d)
Ratio
3.
What makes a variable a confounding variable?
a)
It is intentionally manipulated by the researcher
b)
It explains the relationship between predictor and outcome
c)
It influences both the predictor and the outcome, potentially biasing results
d)
It changes the strength or direction of the relationship between X and Y
4.
In a study, anxiety level is thought to change the effect of stress on performance. What is the role of anxiety here?
a)
Mediator
b)
Outcome
c)
Moderator
d)
Confounder
5.
When constructing a histogram for test scores, which axis should represent the possible score intervals?
a)
W-axis
b)
X-axis
c)
Y-axis
d)
Z-axis
6.
A teacher records the preferred learning style of each student (visual, auditory, kinesthetic). What type of variable is this?
a)
Ordinal
b)
Ratio
c)
Interval
d)
Nominal
7.
If the weight of children is recorded in kilograms, what level of measurement is this?
a)
Ordinal
b)
Ratio
c)
Nominal
d)
Interval
8.
A right-skewed distribution implies that the:
a)
Mean is less than the median
b)
Mean is greater than the median
c)
Mean equals the median
d)
Mean and median are unrelated
9.
Which measure is best used to describe the typical value in a nominal dataset?
a)
Median
b)
Mode
c)
Mean
d)
Range
10.
Which of the following graphs is most appropriate for visualizing the distribution of scores on a memory test (measured on a scale of 0 to 100)?
a)
Bar graph
b)
Histogram
c)
Pie chart
d)
Line graph
11.
In a dataset, you notice that students who attend tutoring sessions tend to have higher grades, but the variable 'motivation' was not measured. What is motivation likely to be?
a)
Outcome
b)
Predictor
c)
Confounder
d)
Moderator
12.
Which of the following is a key difference between interval and ratio scales?
a)
Interval scales have true zero, ratio scales do not
b)
Ratio scales have a true zero, interval scales do not
c)
Interval scales are categorical, ratio scales are numerical
d)
Ratio scales cannot be ranked
13.
If you want to show the frequency of favorite colors among students, which visualization is most suitable?
a)
Histogram
b)
Box plot
c)
Bar chart
d)
Scatterplot
14.
Which variable explains the mechanism through which a predictor affects an outcome?
a)
Moderator
b)
Mediator
c)
Confounder
d)
Covariate
15.
Which measure of central tendency is most resistant to extreme values?
a)
Mean
b)
Median
c)
Mode
d)
Range
16.
If data are collected from students' ID numbers, this variable is best described as:
a)
Nominal
b)
Ordinal
c)
Ratio
d)
Interval
17.
Which central tendency measure is best for reporting highly skewed data?
a)
Mean
b)
Median
c)
Mode
d)
Standard deviation
18.
A negatively skewed distribution most likely represents which of the following scenarios?
a)
More values concentrated on the lower end with a long tail to the right
b)
Symmetrical distribution around the mean
c)
More values concentrated on the higher end with a long tail to the left
d)
Equal number of values on either side of the mean
19.
A researcher wants to describe variability in test scores. Which of the following would be most relevant?
a)
Mean
b)
Range
c)
Standard deviation
d)
Mode
20.
In an experiment studying whether noise affects test performance, test performance would be considered:
a)
Independent variable
b)
Predictor variable
c)
Confounding variable
d)
Outcome variable
21.
Why is it inappropriate to calculate a mean for nominal data?
a)
Nominal data can’t be graphed
b)
Mean is sensitive to outliers
c)
Nominal categories have no inherent numeric values
d)
Mean is only for ratio data
22.
If a variable has values like 'Neutral,' 'Agree,' and 'Strongly Agree,' which level of measurement is it?
a)
Nominal
b)
Interval
c)
Ordinal
d)
Ratio
23.
Which type of variable most appropriately represents the ranking of students in a competition?
a)
Nominal
b)
Ordinal
c)
Interval
d)
Ratio
24.
Which role does a covariate play in a statistical model?
a)
It directly moderates the effect of the predictor
b)
It impacts the predictor variable
c)
It affects the outcome variable therefore, needs to be controlled statistically
d)
It explains how a predictor is related to the outcome
25.
The variance and standard deviation are both measures of:
a)
Central tendency
b)
Normality
c)
Variability
d)
Reliability
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