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The Endocrine System

Total questions: 101

Worksheet time: 49hrs 2mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The endocrine system differs from the nervous system in that it:

a)

uses hormones for slower, longer-lasting communication

b)

uses electrical impulses for rapid, short-term responses

c)

controls only voluntary actions

d)

is not involved in homeostasis

2.

Which of the following lists major endocrine organs and the hormones they release?

a)

Pituitary gland - Growth hormone, Thyroid gland - Thyroxine, Adrenal gland - Adrenaline

b)

Liver - Insulin, Kidney - Glucagon, Heart - Estrogen

c)

Lungs - Testosterone, Pancreas - Melatonin, Skin - Cortisol

d)

Stomach - Prolactin, Spleen - Oxytocin, Intestine - Thyroxine

3.

The release of each hormone is prompted by which of the following types of stimuli or variables?

a)

Neural, hormonal, and humoral stimuli

b)

Only neural stimuli

c)

Only hormonal stimuli

d)

Only environmental changes

4.

The function of the major hormones is to:

a)

Regulate various physiological processes in the body

b)

Provide structural support to cells

c)

Store genetic information

d)

Facilitate movement of muscles

5.

Some conditions resulting from hypo or hypersecretion of hormones include:

a)

Diabetes mellitus, gigantism, and acromegaly

b)

Asthma, anemia, and arthritis

c)

Hypertension, influenza, and eczema

d)

Tuberculosis, malaria, and dengue

6.

Fill in the blank: The endocrine system controls function by releasing _______ into the bloodstream.

a)

hormones

b)

enzymes

c)

neurotransmitters

d)

vitamins

7.

Which of the following circulates throughout the body and controls function by targeting cell receptors?

a)

Enzymes

b)

Hormones

c)

Neurotransmitters

d)

Vitamins

8.

Hormones act broadly and have longer lasting effects compared to most neurotransmitters.

a)

True

b)

False

9.

Fill in the blank: In the endocrine system, ______ are released into the blood.

a)

hormones

b)

enzymes

c)

neurotransmitters

d)

antibodies

10.

Fill in the blank: In the nervous system, ______ are released into synapses.

a)

neurotransmitters

b)

hormones

c)

enzymes

d)

antibodies

11.

Fill in the blank: In the endocrine system, hormones remain in blood until ______ or excreted.

a)

degraded

b)

absorbed

c)

filtered

d)

diluted

12.

Fill in the blank: In the nervous system, neurotransmitters remain in synapse until degraded, ______ or diffused.

a)

recirculated

b)

oxidized

c)

phosphorylated

d)

deactivated

13.

Which system has broad targets?

a)

Endocrine

b)

Nervous

14.

Which system has generally narrow targets?

a)

Endocrine

b)

Nervous

15.

Which system has lasting effects?

a)

Endocrine

b)

Nervous

16.

Which system has short lasting effects?

a)

Endocrine

b)

Nervous

17.

What are hormones?

a)

Hormones are chemicals released by glands into the bloodstream.

b)

Hormones are a type of blood cell that fights infection.

c)

Hormones are nutrients absorbed from food.

d)

Hormones are electrical signals sent by nerves.

18.

Hormones circulate and only affect cells that have the proper receptors that respond to each specific hormone.

a)

True

b)

False

19.

Which of the following is NOT a main classification of hormones?

a)

Amino acid based hormones

b)

Steroid based hormones

c)

Carbohydrate based hormones

d)

Both A and B

20.

Amino acid based hormones are ______ soluble and act on the ______ of cells.

a)

water, outside

b)

lipid, inside

c)

water, inside

d)

lipid, outside

21.

Steroid based hormones are lipid soluble and act on the inside of cells.

a)

True

b)

False

22.

The ________ gland consists of the Anterior Pituitary and Posterior Pituitary.

a)

Pituitary

b)

Thyroid

c)

Adrenal

d)

Pineal

23.

Fill in the blank: The ________ gland is one of the major endocrine glands listed.

a)

Thyroid

b)

Sebaceous

c)

Sweat

d)

Salivary

24.

Fill in the blank: The ________ gland is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood.

a)

Parathyroid

b)

Pituitary

c)

Thyroid

d)

Adrenal

25.

Fill in the blank: The Adrenal Gland consists of the Adrenal Cortex and ________.

a)

Adrenal Medulla

b)

Adrenal Capsule

c)

Renal Pelvis

d)

Pituitary Lobe

26.

Fill in the blank: The ________ is an endocrine gland that also functions as part of the digestive system.

a)

Pancreas

b)

Thyroid

c)

Adrenal gland

d)

Pituitary gland

27.

Fill in the blank: The Gonads include the Ovaries and ________.

a)

Testes

b)

Kidneys

c)

Liver

d)

Pancreas

28.

Fill in the blank: The ________ gland is involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles.

a)

Pineal

b)

Thyroid

c)

Adrenal

d)

Pituitary

29.

What is the main function of the major endocrine glands listed?

a)

Produce digestive enzymes

b)

Produce hormones that regulate various bodily functions

c)

Store vitamins

d)

Filter blood

30.

Identify the gland located at the base of the brain, as shown in the diagram.

a)

Pineal gland

b)

Pituitary gland

c)

Adrenal gland

d)

Pancreas

31.

Fill in the blank: The gland labeled at the front of the neck in the diagram is the ________.

a)

Thyroid gland

b)

Adrenal gland

c)

Pituitary gland

d)

Pineal gland

32.

Which gland is responsible for producing insulin, as shown in the diagram?

a)

Pancreas

b)

Thymus

c)

Adrenal gland

d)

Thyroid gland

33.

Fill in the blank: The ________ are located on the posterior side of the thyroid, as shown in the close-up diagram.

a)

Parathyroid glands

b)

Adrenal glands

c)

Pituitary gland

d)

Pineal gland

34.

The testes are part of the endocrine system in males, as shown in the diagram.

a)

True

b)

False

35.

Which gland is shown in the chest area of the diagram?

a)

Thymus

b)

Thyroid

c)

Pancreas

d)

Adrenal gland

36.

Fill in the blank: The ________ are the female reproductive glands shown in the pelvic region of the diagram.

a)

Ovaries

b)

Testes

c)

Pancreas

d)

Adrenal glands

37.

Which gland is located above the kidneys, as shown in the diagram?

a)

Adrenal glands

b)

Pineal gland

c)

Pituitary gland

d)

Thyroid gland

38.

Fill in the blank: The ________ is shown in the brain and is responsible for regulating sleep-wake cycles.

a)

Pineal gland

b)

Cerebellum

c)

Amygdala

d)

Medulla oblongata

39.

How do hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary?

a)

Hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary via the Hypophyseal portal system.

b)

Hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary via the lymphatic vessels.

c)

Hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary via the cerebrospinal fluid.

d)

Hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary via direct neural connections.

40.

How are hormones manufactured in the hypothalamus released into the bloodstream by the posterior pituitary?

a)

Hormones manufactured in nuclei of the hypothalamus travel down axons of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract and are released into the bloodstream by the posterior pituitary.

b)

Hormones manufactured in the hypothalamus are directly secreted into the anterior pituitary and then into the bloodstream.

c)

Hormones manufactured in the hypothalamus are stored in the pineal gland before being released into the bloodstream.

d)

Hormones manufactured in the hypothalamus are released into the bloodstream through the adrenal medulla.

41.

What is the function of the hypothalamus in this process?

a)

Releases hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland

b)

Produces digestive enzymes

c)

Pumps blood to the brain

d)

Filters waste from the blood

42.

Refer to the diagram of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland hormone pathway. Fill in the blank: The ________ is responsible for releasing hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland to release its own hormones.

a)

hypothalamus

b)

thyroid gland

c)

adrenal gland

d)

pancreas

43.

Which structure connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?

a)

Infundibulum

b)

Cerebellum

c)

Medulla oblongata

d)

Thalamus

44.

Refer to the diagram of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland hormone pathway. The primary capillary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system is located in the ________.

a)

infundibulum

b)

anterior pituitary

c)

posterior pituitary

d)

optic chiasm

45.

Refer to the diagram of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland hormone pathway. What is the final step in the process shown in the diagram?

a)

Hypothalamus releases hormone

b)

Hypothalamus hormone stimulates pituitary to release hormones

c)

Anterior pituitary hormone is released

d)

Posterior pituitary hormone is released

46.

Refer to the diagram of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Which hormone is released by the neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic nucleus?

a)

Oxytocin (OT)

b)

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

c)

Growth hormone

d)

Prolactin

47.

The hypothalamohypophyseal tract connects the hypothalamus to which part of the pituitary gland?

a)

Posterior pituitary

b)

Anterior pituitary

c)

Pars intermedia

d)

Infundibulum

48.

Refer to the diagram of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. True or False: The anterior pituitary is directly connected to the hypothalamus by the hypothalamohypophyseal tract.

a)

True

b)

False

49.

Which hormone released from the adenohypophysis is also known as Thyrotropin?

a)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

b)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

c)

Growth Hormone (GH)

d)

Prolactin (PRL)

50.

Which hormone released from the adenohypophysis is also known as Corticotropin?

a)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

b)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

c)

Growth Hormone (GH)

d)

Prolactin (PRL)

51.

Which hormone released from the adenohypophysis is abbreviated as FSH?

a)

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

b)

Luteinizing Hormone

c)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

d)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

52.

Which hormone released from the adenohypophysis is abbreviated as LH?

a)

Luteinizing Hormone

b)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

c)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

d)

Growth Hormone

53.

Which hormone released from the adenohypophysis is abbreviated as GH?

a)

Growth Hormone

b)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

c)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

d)

Prolactin

54.

Which hormone released from the adenohypophysis is abbreviated as PRL?

a)

Prolactin

b)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

c)

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

d)

Growth hormone

55.

What is the function of tropic hormones released from the adenohypophysis?

a)

Tropic hormones cause other endocrine glands to release hormones.

b)

Tropic hormones directly regulate blood glucose levels.

c)

Tropic hormones are responsible for muscle contraction.

d)

Tropic hormones function as digestive enzymes.

56.

Fill in the blank: TSH stimulates the thyroid to release ______ and ______ (Thyroid Hormones).

a)

T3 and T4

b)

Insulin and Glucagon

c)

Cortisol and Aldosterone

d)

FSH and LH

57.

Fill in the blank: ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release ______ and ______.

a)

cortisol and aldosterone

b)

insulin and glucagon

c)

thyroxine and calcitonin

d)

adrenaline and noradrenaline

58.

Fill in the blank: FSH stimulates the gonads to form ______.

a)

gametes

b)

hormones

c)

enzymes

d)

antibodies

59.

Fill in the blank: LH prompts ______ synthesis and triggers ovulation.

a)

testosterone

b)

estrogen

c)

progesterone

d)

FSH

60.

Fill in the blank: GH stimulates ______, cartilage and muscle growth.

a)

bone

b)

skin

c)

blood

d)

nerve

61.

Fill in the blank: PRL stimulates ______ production.

a)

breast milk

b)

insulin

c)

adrenaline

d)

bile

62.

Which hormone released by the posterior pituitary increases blood pressure by causing a reduction in urine production?

a)

Oxytocin

b)

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

c)

Insulin

d)

Glucagon

63.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) increases blood pressure by causing _________.

a)

a reduction in urine production

b)

an increase in heart rate

c)

a decrease in blood volume

d)

vasodilation

64.

ADH is released when blood pressure is low.

a)

True

b)

False

65.

Which of the following triggers the release of ADH?

a)

A) Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus sensing high plasma osmolarity

b)

B) High blood sugar

c)

C) Low oxygen levels

d)

D) Increased heart rate

66.

Which hormone released by the posterior pituitary intensifies uterine contractions during labor?

a)

ADH

b)

Oxytocin

c)

Prolactin

d)

Estrogen

67.

Oxytocin promotes bonding in sexual partners and offspring.

a)

True

b)

False

68.

Oxytocin prompts ________ in lactating mothers.

a)

milk ejection

b)

ovulation

c)

digestion

d)

sweating

69.

Which of the following hormones is NOT released by the thyroid gland?

a)

T3 – Triiodothyroine

b)

T4 – Thyroxine

c)

Calcitonin

d)

Insulin

70.

Fill in the blank: T3 and T4 increase ________ , and permit normal growth, development of the nervous system, and development of the reproductive system.

a)

basal metabolic rate

b)

blood pressure

c)

bone density

d)

immune response

71.

Which hormone reduces blood calcium levels?

a)

T3 – Triiodothyroine

b)

T4 – Thyroxine

c)

Calcitonin

d)

Insulin

72.

T3 and T4 permit normal growth, development of the nervous system, and development of the reproductive system.

a)

True

b)

False

73.

Fill in the blank: ________ is also known as Thyroxine and is released by the thyroid gland.

a)

T4

b)

Insulin

c)

Cortisol

d)

Adrenaline

74.

Fill in the blank: The formation of thyroid hormones requires dietary ______ in order to be complete.

a)

iodine

b)

calcium

c)

iron

d)

potassium

75.

Which form of thyroid hormone is more active?

a)

A) T3

b)

B) T4

76.

Fill in the blank: 90% of thyroid hormone released from the thyroid is ______.

a)

T4

b)

T3

c)

Calcitonin

d)

TSH

77.

Fill in the blank: T3 is enzymatically converted to ______ in tissues.

a)

T4

b)

T2

c)

Reverse T3

d)

Cortisol

78.

What does the hypothalamus release when the metabolic rate and/or T3 and T4 concentration in blood is low?

a)

TRH (Thyrotropin-releasing hormone)

b)

TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone)

c)

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone)

d)

GH (Growth hormone)

79.

What is the effect of TSH release on thyroid follicle cells?

a)

Triggers release of T3 and T4 by thyroid follicle cells

b)

Inhibits the production of thyroglobulin

c)

Decreases iodine uptake by thyroid follicle cells

d)

Suppresses the activity of thyroid peroxidase

80.

Which of the following is an effect of T3 and T4 release?

a)

Decreased basal metabolic rate

b)

Increased basal metabolic rate

c)

Decreased body temperature

d)

No effect on body temperature

81.

What type of feedback is involved when elevated T3 and T4 levels inhibit the release of TRH and TSH?

a)

Negative feedback

b)

Positive feedback

c)

Feedforward regulation

d)

Direct stimulation

82.

When T3 and T4 levels in the blood are high, the hypothalamus continues to release TRH.

a)

True

b)

False

83.

What is the main function of the parathyroid hormone?

a)

Decreases blood calcium levels

b)

Increases blood calcium levels

c)

Stimulates insulin production

d)

Decreases bone resorption

84.

Parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoclasts prompting _________.

a)

bone resorption.

b)

bone formation.

c)

calcium excretion.

d)

muscle contraction.

85.

Which of the following is a function of the parathyroid hormone?

a)

Decreases calcium reabsorption in the kidneys

b)

Causes an increase in calcium reabsorption in the kidneys

c)

Prevents activation of vitamin D

d)

Stimulates insulin secretion

86.

Parathyroid hormone prompts activation of vitamin D. Vitamin D aids in calcium absorption by the ________.

a)

small intestine.

b)

lungs.

c)

kidneys.

d)

skin.

87.

Which of the following structures is labeled as the Hyoid bone in the diagram?

a)

Thyroid cartilage

b)

Cricoid cartilage

c)

Hyoid bone

d)

Parathyroid (chief) cell

88.

Fill in the blank: The adrenal cortex releases _________.

a)

Aldosterone, Cortisol, Gonadocorticoids (adrenocortical sex hormones)

b)

Insulin, Glucagon, Somatostatin

c)

Thyroxine, Calcitonin, Triiodothyronine

d)

Adrenaline, Noradrenaline, Dopamine

89.

Which hormone is released by the adrenal cortex?

a)

Epinephrine

b)

Aldosterone

c)

Nor-Epinephrine

d)

Insulin

90.

Fill in the blank: The adrenal medulla releases _________.

a)

Epinephrine (adrenaline), Nor-Epinephrine (nor-adrenaline)

b)

Insulin and Glucagon

c)

Thyroxine and Calcitonin

d)

Cortisol and Aldosterone

91.

Which hormone is released by the adrenal medulla?

a)

Cortisol

b)

Gonadocorticoids

c)

Epinephrine

d)

Aldosterone

92.

True or False: The adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla produce the same hormones.

a)

True

b)

False

93.

What does aldosterone cause in the kidneys?

a)

Sodium secretion and potassium reabsorption

b)

Sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion

c)

Sodium and potassium reabsorption

d)

Sodium and potassium secretion

94.

As Na+ is reabsorbed in the kidneys, it returns to the blood (not excreted). What follows sodium and increases blood volume and blood pressure?

a)

Water

b)

Glucose

c)

Potassium

d)

Urea

95.

As K+ is secreted, it is excreted in the urine. This lowers plasma K+ concentration.

a)

True

b)

False

96.

Which of the following triggers the RAAS (renin angiotensin aldosterone system) and increases aldosterone (and ADH) release?

a)

High blood pressure

b)

Low blood pressure

c)

High sodium

d)

Low potassium

97.

Stress causes ACTH release which prompts Aldosterone release (through the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary).

a)

True

b)

False

98.

What is the term for high potassium that increases aldosterone release?

a)

Hyperkalemia

b)

Hypokalemia

c)

Hyponatremia

d)

Hypercalcemia

99.

Which gland is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism in the body?

a)

Thyroid gland

b)

Pineal gland

c)

Adrenal gland

d)

Pituitary gland

100.

Fill in the blank: The ________ gland secretes melatonin to help control sleep cycles.

a)

Pineal

b)

Thyroid

c)

Adrenal

d)

Parathyroid

101.

Which hormone is produced by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels?

a)

Insulin

b)

Adrenaline

c)

Glucagon

d)

Thyroxine

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