An 18-year-old male is brought into the emergency room after diving into a shallow pool. He is awake and alert, has intact cranial nerves (CNs), and is able to move his shoulders, but has a flaccid quadriplegia and a sensory level at C5. Which one of the following statements regarding medical management of SCI is most accurate?

Which one of the following is most accurate regarding placement of thoracic pedicle screws?

Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis demonstrated in this histological section?

A 14-year-old female presents with progressive difficulty writing. An MRI shows multiple nodular areas running along the cervical nerve roots and brachial plexus. Examination of her eyes also shows iris harmartomas. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Which one of the following is an absolute contraindication for administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for acute cerebral infarction?

A patient with a history of left trigeminal neuralgia has undergone a percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy, which gave her 2 years of pain relief. This was followed by stereotactic radiosurgery of the trigeminal nerve root, resulting in absence of her lancinating pain. She now has new left facial pain that is constant and aching. On examination, her left face is anesthetic to light touch and pinprick. What is her diagnosis?

According to randomized control trials of hemicraniectomy for malignant MCA infarction, what is the timeframe for the performance of hemicraniectomy associated with reduced mortality?

The MOST common clinical feature of mesial temporal lobe seizures is:

A 50-year-old male patient with a history of atrial fibrillation presents with acute onset left hemiparesis and drowsiness for 24 hours. MRI of the brain is shown. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score is 16. What treatment option has been shown to decrease mortality rates for such a patient?

You are called to the NICU to see a 1-day-old child who appears as demonstrated in figures 1 and 3. His CT scan is shown in figure 2. He has been stable, although with occasional apnea when agitated. On exam, he has a bulging fontanelle. His parents wish to pursue aggressive care. When should he undergo a cranial vault procedure?

A pineal mass was completely resected and the pathologist diagnoses a mature teratoma. What is the best treatment for this patient?

A 75-year-old woman presents 3 months after resection of a frontal meningioma with complaints of headache, low-grade fevers, and a tender fluctuance under her previous created craniotomy flap. A contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan of her head is shown in the figure. What is the most common organism for a post-surgical infection after elective craniotomy?

A 22-year-old sustained a spinal cord injury after a fall with an L2 burst fracture and canal compromise. More than half of the muscles below the level of injury have a strength grade less than 3. There is impaired pain and temperature sensation below the middle of the thighs bilaterally, but preserved light touch and proprioception. There is bilateral Babinski's sign and loss of anal tone and wink reflex. According to the 2000/2002 ASIA Standards, what (modified) ASIA Impairment Scale classification is this patient?

A 5-year-old undergoes surgical resection of a posterior fossa medulloblastoma followed by chemotherapy and total neuroaxis radiotherapy, with a boost to the posterior fossa. Which endocrinological complication is most likely after radiotherapy for a posterior fossa tumor in childhood?

A 34-year-old female presents with spontaneous proptosis and chemosis of the left eye. Cerebral angiography (left common carotid injection) is shown. What is the best management option?

A 55-year-old man presents to the emergency department with an acute onset of right hemiplegia that occurred 30 minutes prior. CT scan is negative for hemorrhage. What factor would contraindicate the administration of IV tPA?

With respect to microsurgical resection of vestibular schwannomas, when the facial nerve loses intraoperative proximal electrical responsiveness, what factor is most predictive of facial nerve recovery postoperatively?

A 68-year-old man undergoes resection of a GBM. Post-operative imaging is shown. He awakes from surgery with left arm numbness and mild weakness. What is the most likely cause of his new deficit?

A 44 year old man presents with seizure, headache, and left visual field cut. MRI is shown. What is the most likely benefit of embolization for this lesion?

A 40 year-old woman presents with acute headache, mild right arm weakness and a CT scan showing a small hemorrhage in the left frontoparietal region. Cerebral angiogram shows a 4 cm compact, superficial AVM with superficial venous drainage and deep perforating arteries. What factor increases this patient’s surgical risk?

How does the amount of radiation differ when standing 4 feet away from a radiation source as opposed to 1 foot?

A patient presents after a MVA with the head CT shown in the figure. His GCS is 14. His blood alcohol level is 0.31%. What is the most appropriate initial management?

Which of the following are the cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) that are most amenable to treatment with deep brain stimulation (DBS)?

Which of the following pedicle screw characteristics increases pullout strength?

A 65-year-old male with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents to the emergency room after experiencing severe headache. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is 14. On head CT scan, the patient was found to have a 2 cm acute cerebellar hematoma with no hydrocephalus. What is the most appropriate management?

A four-year-old presents with occipital headaches and a lesion on brain MRI. He also has cafe-au-lait spots and axillary freckling. Patients with his disease are most likely to have a tumor in what intracranial location?

An 8-year-old girl presents with obstructive triventricular hydrocephalus requiring endoscopic exploration of the ventricular system. What is the most appropriate site for surgical fenestration?

A 9 month old boy presents with single sutural synostosis (figure 1). On exam his fontanelle is closed and there is no papilledema. What associated finding may be diagnosed in this patient?

Aside from bilateral ICA occlusions, what is a typical angiographic finding in moyamoya disease?

An 8-year-old male complains of a painful swelling of his left forehead. Its onset was insidious, starting several weeks earlier. Radiographs are shown in Figures 1 and 2. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 40 year old male develops left facial droop and left hemiparesis 48 hours after a motor vehicle accident despite initially being neurologically intact after the accident. A non-contrast head CT at the time of deterioration is negative. The most appropriate next diagnostic evaluation is:

This lumbosacral spine MRI (figure) is from a 23-year-old woman who presented with severe low back pain radiating to her right leg. Which nerve root is most likely compressed by the herniated disc?

A 38 year-old presents with a one month history of difficulty swallowing, mild hoarseness and right facial numbness and tingling. The imaging studies are shown below. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 60 year old patient presents to the emergency department with a history suggestive of acute ischemic stroke. What is the best brain imaging modality to confirm the diagnosis?

A 25-year-old man presents with a new onset of right facial droop associated with horizontal diplopia. MRI of the brain shows a brainstem hyperintensity on T2 and FLAIR images (see figure). What anatomical structure is affected by this lesion causing the diplopia?

The tumor represented in this photomicrograph most frequently occurs in association with what condition?

A 15 month old infant is brought to the emergency room 4 hours after a fall during which he sustained a cephalohematoma. He is opening his eyes when asked, is crying, and is holding onto a toy. Parents report that he has vomited twice. What is his GCS score?

A 58 year old woman with a history of breast cancer presents with lower thoracic spine pain. The pain is worse at night and does not worsen with movement. She is neurologically intact. An MRI reveals a contrast-enhancing lytic lesion isolated to the T12 body without evidence of fracture. There are multiple smaller lesions noted throughout her entire spinal axis. She is currently undergoing systemic therapy for her bone only disease. What is the most appropriate treatment option for this patient?

A 60 year old patient presents to the emergency department with a history suggestive of acute ischemic stroke. What is the best brain imaging modality to confirm the diagnosis?

Which of these treatments influences the incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) recurrence?

Anterograde blood flowing in the indicated vascular structure on this lateral projection cerebral angiogram drains into which structure?

What structure does the arrow point to in the figure?

A 9-year-old male presented to his pediatrician with headaches and growth delay. He was found to have tumor in the region of the sella. Histology is shown. What is the most likely diagnosis:

After being struck in the head, a 12 year old boy presents with a scalp laceration over a palpable skull deformity. A CT scan is obtained (Figure 1). His GCS is 14 (E3, M6, V5). What is the most appropriate management for this injury?

After being struck in the head, a 12-year-old boy presents with a scalp laceration over a palpable skull deformity. A CT scan is obtained. His GCS is 14 (E3, M6, V5). What is the most appropriate management for this injury?

A 19-year-old male presents with tussive headaches located at the posterior base of the skull. Neurologic examination reveals weakness of the hands bilaterally with hypesthesia. MRI of the brain and cervical spine are shown in the figures. What is the best initial management strategy for this presentation?

Pasien perempuan 53 tahun datang dengan keluhan gangguan kordinasi saat berjalan dan sering merasa seperti ingin pingsan saat berubah posisi dari duduk ke berdiri atau tidur ke duduk. Dari pemeriksaan fisik didapatkan hipestesia pada lengan, kekuatan motorik ekstremitas atas 5/4, kekuatan motorik ekstremitas bawah 5/5, pendekaran untuk operasi pada pasien tersebut adalah?

Seorang laki-laki berusia 27 tahun datang dengan kejang tonikklonik umum. Pada pemeriksaan tidek ada defisit neurologis residual atau gangguan bicara. Beberapa titik kalsifikasi terlihat pada CT Scan oleh karena itu dilakukan MRI. Manakan dari pernyataan berikut mengenai jenis tumor ini yang KURANG tepat?

Seorang wanita berusia 30 tahun, 2 minggu setelah melahirkan, datang ke unit gawat darurat dengan hemiplegia, lethargi, dan deviasi gaze ke kiri yang onset 4 jam yang lalu. NIHSS 24. Apa manajemen terbaik untuk pasien ini?

A 57-year-old patient presents with head injury after falling backwards and sudden onset of agitation. Two hours later her blood pressure is 220/110 mmHg, her heart rate is 39 beats per minute, and her consciousness is fluctuating. She is intubated and ventilated. CT is shown. Regarding this type of lesion and its location, which one of the following is LEAST likely to be an indicator for surgical evaluation?

Seorang pria berusia 39 tahun datang dengan kesemutan di jari tangan dan kaki selama beberapa bulan terakhir. Tidak ada gangguan usus atau kandung kemih. Pada pemeriksaan, terdapat nyeri dan penurunan suhu cape-like pattern dan diekstremitas atas. ekstremitas atas lemah di distal 4/5 dan refleksnya secara umum meningkat dengan respons ekstensor plantar bilateral,. MRI ditampilkan . Manakah dari berikut yang paling mungkin?

Seorang pasien datang setelah 7 hari reseksi transpenoidal adenoma hipofisis dengan sakit kepala, leher kaku, demam dan keluar cairan bening dari hidungnya. Manakah dari berikut ini adalah manajemen yang paling tepat?

Pasien anak laki-laki lahir secara pervaginam, didapatkan klinis seperti pada gambar. Bagaimana kemungkinan prognosis status ambulasi pasien lahir dengan mielomeningokel tesebut?

A 30-year-old boy was injured by an air gun rifle on the head 1 hour before admission. He was fully awake and no neurological deficit was found. Which of the following is an important component to patient care after a gunshot wound in this case?

Seorang Wanita 17 tahun datang dengan Riwayat amenore sekunder selama 8 bulan. Baru-baru ii dia menyadari bahwa dia menjadi sering haus dan mengeluarka bayak urin. Pemeriksaan fisik biasa-biasa saja. Tes darah rutin normal dan profil endokrin menunjukka. FSG 5,5 UL ( olikel 0,5 – 5, pertengahan siklus 9-33, luteal 2-8), LH 2m8 U/L ( folikel 3 -12, pertengahan siklus 20-80, luteal 3-16) estradiol pmol ( folikel 17-260, luteal 180-1100, prolaktin 990 mU/L (60-620), kortisol 09.00 400nmol/L, glukosa darah paska case 5,5 mmol, kalsium serum 2,35 mmol/L (2,2-2,6). Tes kekurangan air, osmolaritasserum 300 mOsmol/kg. urin 200 mOsmol/ kg pada 6 jam, osmolalitas urin pasca DDAVP (desmopressin) 800 mOsmol/kg/ MRI kepala ditampilkan. Manakah dari pemeriksaan yang akan anda lakukan selanjutnya?

Seorang pria berusia 23 tahun mengalami kecelakaan sepeda motor dengan penurunan GCS dari 15 menjadi 8. Pemeriksaan neurologis menunjukkan hemiparesis kiri dan dilatasi pupil dekstra. Apa langkah awal yang harus diambil untuk pasien ini?

Pasien usia 23 tahun, datang dengan keluhan kelemahan sisi kanan tubuh. Pasien dilakukan DSA dengan hasil terlampir. Dimanakah letak patologi pada pasien tersebut?

Saat melakukan carotid endarterectomy, urutan oklusi pembuluh darah yang paling tepat adalah ?

Seorang pria berusia 50 tahun, riwayat kecelakaan lalu lintas 2 bulan yang lalu. Pasien mengalami fracture humerus dan telah menjalani operasi ORIF. Saat ini, pasien mengeluh kesemutan, lokasi penyebab gangguan ini adalah?

Seorang pria berusia 45 tahun menjalani operasi dengan pendekatan subtemporal untuk aksus tumor dengan elevasi dura dari lantai fossa media dan tulang petrosus. Pascaoperasi, pasien mengeluh penurunan lakrimasi di sisi ipsilateral. Apa etiologi yang mungkin dalam kasus ini?

Which vein is indicated by the arrow in the figure?

Kondisi apakah yang dapat disebabkan oelh oklusi arteri tersebut?

Pasien anak laki-laki lahir secara pervaginam didapatkan klinis seperti gambar. Abagaimanakah penatalksaan yang tepat?

Anda menerima panggilan dari NICU untuk memeriksa anak usia 1 hari dengan tampilan CT scan dan klinis sesuai nsesuai gambar. Kondisi pasien stabil, dengan apnea sesekali aapabila teragitasi. Pada pemeriksaan didapatkan ubun-ubun menonjol. Kedua orangtua menginginkan tatalaksana yang agresif, pada usia berapa sebaiknya dilakukan prosedur pembedahan tulang tengkorak?

Pasien peremuan usia 30 tahun, dataeng dengan leuhan tidak menstruasi dan keluar air susu dari putting sejak 1 thaun yang lalu. Dari pemeriksaan didapatkan kadar prolactin serum 800. pasien sudah mendapatkan medikamentaosa tetapi tidak berhasil menurunkan kadar prolaktinoma dan direncanakan pembedahan. Hasil pemeriksaan MRI kepala kontras terlampir. Salah satu indicator prognostic paling signifikan pada pembedaha tersbut adalah

pasien anak usia 15 tahun dengan gangguan kesimbangan dan berjalan sempoyongan sejak . 1 bulan yang lalu. Pasien dilakukan RI didapatkan seperti pada gambar. Penatalaksanaan pasien? (gambar terpotong potong)

Seorang laki laki 50 tahun dengan riwayat 15 tahun bilateral tremor tangan (kanan lebih berat dari kiri) memberat saar bergerak seperti menulis dan dressing. Tremor lebih perbaikan dengan alcohol. Pasien tidak memiliki tremor resting atau rigiditas. Propanolol mengurangi tremor, namun efek samping membatasi penggunaanya. Apa diagnosis yang paling mungkin?

Seorang pasien laki-laki 36 tahun dengan berat badan bertambahn, rambut wajah dan tubuh lebuh tebal. Juga mengeluh kelelahan dan kehilangan kendali emosi. Dari pemeriksaan fisik ditemukan hirsutisme dan obesitas truncal. Tingkat ACTH normal. Tidak ada kompromi visual. MRI hipofisis terlampir. Manakah dari pilihan berikut ini adalah manajemen yang tepat

A 27-yo presents to ED after an assault. His GCS is 15/15 but he has evidence of facial fracture involving frontal sinus and avidence of some CSF rhinorrhea. He is admitted for observation and initial conservative management of CSF leak. On day 3 post injury he deelope three episode of vomiting and become drowsy. On examination he was obtunded and lethargic, but arrousable. His BP was 150/90 mmHg, HR 59x/m, and RR 20x/min and maintained a saturation 92% on room air. Ecamination revealed a dilated right pupil whereas the rest of neurological and systemic examination was normal. CT head wad repeated (shown). Which one of the following is most appropriante acute management?

laki-laki berusia 24 tahun datang ke IGD pasca terjatuh dari tangga CT scan menunjukkan gambar di bwah. Tatalaksana yanag paling tepat adalah?

Laki-laki 34 tahun dengan kejang kompleks parsial dan generalisata sekunder yang resisten obat. Evaluasi pra-pembedahan epilepsy komprehensif menunjukkan epilepsi lobus temporal sisi kanan dan scleroris lobus temporal mesial. Apa prosedur bedah saraf yang berkaitan dengan angka bebas kejang paling besar pada kasus ini?

Seorang perempuan 29 tahun pasca kecelakaan motor. Dari pemeriksaan didapatkan hemiparesis sinistra dan pupil kanan dilatasi tidak reaktif, CT scan kepala di gambar. Apa tatalaksana yang paling baik?

Laki-laki 45 tahun dengan kejang pertama kali. MRI tergambar di bawah ini. Apa yang dibutuhkan saat pembedahan reaksi yang masa ini?

Seorang perempuan 40 tahun dengan penyakit cushing berulang setelah reaksi transsphenoidal dengan MRI yang menunjukkan perluasan tumor kesinunkavernousus tanpa perluasan ke suprasellar. Pasien memilih untuk radopsurgery. Apa komplikasi yang paling sering terjadi setelah radiosurgery adenoma hipofisis?

Gambaran klinis yang paling sering ditemui pada kejang lobus temporal mesial adalah

Seorang pria 47 tahun dengan penyakit HIV datang ke rumah sakit dengan kejang tonik-klonik. Pasien mengalami preumonia Pneumocystis carini enam bulan sebelumnya dengan jumlah limfosit T CD4 10 cell/mm3 dan kemudian memulai terapi antiretroviral. Jumlah CD4 terakhirnya, yang diambil satu bulan sebelum kejadian saat in adalah 50 sel/mm3. Pada pemeriksaan pasien tidak memiliki kelemahan fokal, tetapi terdapat respon plantar bilateral ekstensor. Fundoskopi normal. CT scan otaknya seperti berikut. Diagnosis yang paling mungkin adalah:

Peneliti ingin membuat penelitian untuk mengetahui penyebab (atau beberapa penyebab) dan faktor risiko dari normopressure hydrocephalus. Desain penelitian yang paling tepat?

When performing a trans-callosal approach for resection of a colloid cyst of the third ventricle, which structure is most useful as a landmark for orientation in the lateral ventricle?

Tampilan endoskopi dari dalam sinus sphenois. Manakan dari label berikut yang secara tepat mengidentifikasi resessus optiko karotis?

A 27 year old patient presents following a trauma that involved an axial load to the spine. He has undergone CT imaging. He notes neck pain but otherwise has a normal neurological examination. What does the following coronal CT scan of the cervical spine depict (figure)?

Kecepatan konduksi potensial aksi ditandai dengan beberapa parameter. Jika kecepatan konduksi ditemukan meningkat, manakah dari prnyataan berikut yang kemungkinan besar menurun?

A 23-year-old male involved in motor vehicle accident exhibits neurological decline from an initial GCS of 15 to 8, with a neurological exam notable for left hemiparesis and right dilated pupil. What is the most appropriate initial step in management of this patient?

What imaging modality complements video-EEG, MRI and neuropsychological testing, in the standard pre-surgical evaluation of patients with medically intractable focal neocortical epilepsy?

What finding is more frequently associated with nasal and occipital dermoid cysts compared to other locations?

A 26 year old male presents after motor vehicle crash with absent right and partially preserved left lower extremity motor function (more than half of left leg muscles have less than antigravity strength). Sensation to pain and temperature is markedly diminished in the left leg. Proprioception is markedly diminished in the right leg . Neuro-imaging studies are obtained and depicted in Figures 1 and 2. Which spinal cord syndrome BEST describes the injury?

Tujuan utama dynamic stabilization techniques di tulang belakang yang paling tepat digambarkan sebagai yang mana cara berikut ini?

Laki-laki berusia 10 tahun dating dengan penurunan kesadaran disertai interval lucid pasca cidera kepala tertutup dan gambaran CT berikut. Sumber perdarahan tersebut....

A 32-years-old presents with back pain and a new khypotic deformity after tripping up in his flat. T1 and T2 W MRI are shiwn. Which one of the following is most likely diagnosis?

Pada trial terapi statin dalam rangka pencegahan stroke iskemik, terapi menunjukkan penurunan mortalitas dari 12% menjadi 8% dalam 5 tahun studi. Dibandingkan terapi standart, berapa jumlah pasien yang dibutuhkan untuk mencegah 1 kematian dalam 5 tahun?

A 5 year-old boy is brought to your clinic secondary to his parents' concern that his congenital scoliotic curvature is progressing. Scoliosis films are performed demonstrating a unilateral unsegmented bar at T9-10 with a 40% levoscoliosis. What can you tell the parents regarding the cause of this deformation and its natural history?

A 9-year-old girl visits her optometrist because of a 1-month progressive history of blurry vision and headaches. The optometrist notes papilledema. Imaging is obtained. What course of action is indicated?

Two days after performing heavy manual labor, your patient awakens with severe left shoulder pain, severe enough to require narcotics for relief. Ten days later, he notices rapidly progressive weakness of his left shoulder girdle muscles and biceps. Examination reveals a normal sensory exam. MRI of the cervical spine is unremarkable. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 60 year old female presents with sudden onset of vertigo, headache, vomiting and imbalance. Her imaging (after 2 days) is shown. What is the cause of the patient’s symptoms?

Manakah di antara berikut yang merupakan predictor terbaik untuk luaran bebas kejang setelah operasi epilepsy untuk kejang fokal dengan fokus epilepsy?

In the case of intrakanalikular vestibular schwannoma, what is the advantage of the middle cranial fossa approach compared to the retrosigmoid approach?

A 76-year-old female with a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension has asymptomatic atrial fibrillation. What medical management paradigm would best reduce her future risk of stroke?

When placing a bicortical sacral pedicle screw, which structure is most at risk with a laterally placed screw that penetrates the anterior cortex?

Pasien laki-laki, usia 5 tahun dengan keluhan gangguan berjalan sejak 3 bulan yang lalu. Pasien dilakukan pemeriksaan MRI dan didapatkan seperti gambar. Prognosis terbaik ditemukan pada tipe subgrup tumor:

According to AHA guidelines for the early management of ischemic stroke, within what time frame should IV tPA be administered after the onset of symptoms?

A 41-year-old woman underwent total large resection for the lesion shown (Image). Pathology confirmed grade 2 oligodendroglioma. What is the recommended course of treatment?

A 40-year-old patient presents with a headache and subarachnoid hemorrhage due to an aneurysm. On physical examination, he is alert, aware, and non-focal with exception for the presence of right third nerve paresis and evidence of nuchal rigidity. What is the Hunt and Hess grade for this patient?

What is the maximum total dose of IV rtPA that can be given for acute ischemic stroke?

A 50-year-old woman presents with a one-year history of progressive low back pain and constipation. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates a large sacral mass (figure). She is neurologically intact. What is the most important next step to determine further management?

A 35-year-old female underwent microscopic transsephenoidal resection of a nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma. Postoperative MRI demonstrates residual tumor in the right cavernous sinus lateral to the internal carotid artery. She has no neurological deficits. What is the most appropriate next step?

Laki-laki 45 tahun datang dengan keluhan nyeri kepala mendadak, mual, muntah, dan gangguan penglihatan. Pada pemeriksaan dia tidak didapatkan demam. Terdapat hipotensi dan takikardi tetapi tidak memiliki kekakuan leher atau fotofobia. Lapang pandang tampak menyempit pada tes konfrontasi. CT kepala menunjukkan hasil tidak normal, oleh karena itu dilakukan MRI. Manakah dari berikut yang merupakan manajemen akut yang paling tepat?

Pada angiografi lateral berikut, dimanakah lokasi yang menunjukkan adanya anuerisma pericallosum?

68 year-old male with a history of prostatic cancer presents with low-grade fever and severe low back pain progressing to include lower extremity numbness. Thoracic CT shows extensive destruction of the T11 and T12 vertebral bodies with relative sparing of the T11-12 disc space, as well as a large paraspinous abscess with calcification. Thoracic MRI shows a kyphotic deformity with enhancing soft tissue and bone extending into the anterior spinal canal and resulting in moderate stenosis and spinal cord compression. The MOST likely pathologic process is:

What is the appropriate sequence of steps during AVM microsurgery?

2 hari setelah kecelakaan kendaraan bermotor, seorang pria berumur 19 tahun mengalami sakit kepala hebat dan racoon eyes. Adanya ekimosis periorbital pada pasien dengan trauma kepala merupakan tanda dari?

Pasien dengan keluhan baal pada area yang Digambar. Nerbus apa yang mempersarafi area tersebut?

Berikut adalah tampilan endoskopi (ETV). Lokasi melakukan ventrikulostomi ventrikel III terletak pada?

Seorang bayi perempuan cukup bulan lahir dengan kelainan benjolan pada belakang kepala seperti pada gambar. Bagaimana patogenesis Kelainan tersebut secara embriologi?

Pasien perempuan 52 tahun dengan keluhan sakit kepala dan hemiparesis sejak 4 jam yang lalu. CT scan dilakukan 2 jam pasca onset. Penatalaksanaan pada pasien tersebut?