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Study Guide (1-5)

Total questions: 61

Worksheet time: 1hrs 1mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following best describes metabolism? ________

a)

the cycling of energy

b)

the breakdown of water

c)

the process of photosynthesis

d)

the movement of muscles

2.

Isotopes are ________

a)

variant forms of atoms that have different numbers of neutrons and a different mass

b)

atoms with the same number of protons and neutrons

c)

elements that cannot combine with others

d)

molecules formed by the combination of two atoms

3.

Protein, lipid, nucleic acid, and carbohydrate are based on which one of the following elements?

a)

Carbon

b)

Oxygen

c)

Nitrogen

d)

Calcium

4.

Which of the following molecules does not contain carbon?

a)

Water

b)

Glucose

c)

Methane

d)

Carbon dioxide

5.

Which of the following is an example of genetic material?

a)

DNA

b)

Water

c)

Glucose

d)

Oxygen

6.

Breakdown of complex carbohydrates begins in which organ in the human digestive system?

a)

Mouth

b)

Stomach

c)

Small intestine

d)

Esophagus

7.

Most of the absorption of nutrients other than water, such as amino acids and nucleotides, takes place in which organ of the human digestive system?

a)

Small Intestine

b)

Stomach

c)

Large Intestine

d)

Esophagus

8.

Breakdown of proteins begins in which organ of the human digestive system?

a)

Stomach

b)

Mouth

c)

Large intestine

d)

Esophagus

9.

The majority of water absorption takes place in which organ of the human digestion system?

a)

Large Intestines

b)

Stomach

c)

Esophagus

d)

Mouth

10.

Which one of the following in the human digestive helps neutralize stomach acid when it enters the small intestine?

a)

Pancreatic Juices

b)

Salivary Amylase

c)

Gastric Juices

d)

Bile

11.

The ring-shaped muscle that prevents food from backtracking through the digestive system is which one of the following?

a)

Sphincter

b)

Villus

c)

Alveolus

d)

Nephron

12.

What does the "12" in the chemical formula for glucose (C6H12O6) indicate?

a)

there are 12 hydrogens in the atom

b)

there are 12 carbons in the atom

c)

there are 12 oxygens in the atom

d)

there are 12 molecules of glucose

13.

A molecule that dissolves easily in water is called which one of the following?

a)

Hydrophilic

b)

Hydrophobic

c)

Lipophilic

d)

Nonpolar

14.

What type of macronutrient is fiber? ________

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Protein

c)

Fat

d)

Vitamin

15.

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide? ________

a)

fatty acid

b)

phosphate group

c)

pentose sugar

d)

nitrogenous base

16.

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

a)

proteins

b)

lipids

c)

carbohydrates

d)

nucleic acids

17.

Lysosomes are responsible for ________.

a)

Destroying invading viruses and bacteria

b)

Synthesizing proteins

c)

Storing genetic information

d)

Producing energy through photosynthesis

18.

One of the major differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is: Eukaryotic cells are specific to human and animal cells, while prokaryotic cells are ________.

a)

in bacteria

b)

in plants

c)

in fungi

d)

in viruses

19.

Without epithelial cells, we would have no ________ to protect your body from injury and would have no stomach to digest your food.

a)

skin

b)

bones

c)

muscles

d)

blood

20.

Passive diffusion ________ require energy for particles to move from a high to low concentration.

a)

does not

b)

always

c)

sometimes

d)

must

21.

Muscle cells require more energy to function, this is the reason why muscle cells would have more ________.

a)

mitochondria

b)

ribosomes

c)

lysosomes

d)

nuclei

22.

The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that ________.

a)

light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells

b)

light microscopy provides for higher resolving power than electron microscopy

c)

electron microscopy allows for color imaging

d)

electron microscopy can be used to view living cells

23.

When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they most likely would use a ________.

a)

transmission electronic microscope

b)

light microscope

c)

scanning tunneling microscope

d)

dissecting microscope

24.

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except ________.

a)

an endoplasmic reticulum

b)

ribosomes

c)

plasma membrane

d)

cell wall

25.

Which of the following is a compartment that often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

a)

Vacuole

b)

Mitochondrion

c)

Nucleus

d)

Chloroplast

26.

If an animal cell is placed in HYPERTONIC solution, what happens to the cell?

a)

Shrinking from water loss

b)

Swelling from water gain

c)

No change in size

d)

Cell divides rapidly

27.

What term is used to describe when two solutions have reached a balanced state?

a)

Equilibrium

b)

Diffusion

c)

Osmosis

d)

Saturation

28.

How are osmosis and diffusion similar processes?

a)

Both move high to low concentrations

b)

Both require energy from the cell

c)

Both only occur in plant cells

d)

Both involve movement against concentration gradients

29.

Active transport goes against the concentration gradient. What does that mean? ________

a)

Goes low to high

b)

Goes high to low

c)

Stays the same

d)

Moves randomly

30.

Plant cells will become turgid when placed in this type of solution: ________

a)

Hypotonic

b)

Hypertonic

c)

Isotonic

d)

Supersonic

31.

Which is a difference between active and passive transport?

a)

Active transport requires ATP (energy), passive does not

b)

Passive transport requires ATP (energy), active does not

c)

Both require the same amount of energy

d)

Active transport only moves water molecules

32.

In which situation would an egg shrink?

a)

92% water in beaker, 99% water in egg

b)

99% water in beaker, 92% water in egg

c)

92% water in beaker, 92% water in egg

d)

99% water in beaker, 99% water in egg

33.

What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules?

a)

catabolic pathways

b)

anabolic pathways

c)

photosynthetic pathways

d)

synthetic pathways

34.

Where does glycolysis take place?

a)

cytosol

b)

mitochondria

c)

nucleus

d)

endoplasmic reticulum

35.

The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by-

a)

substrate-level phosphorylation

b)

oxidative phosphorylation

c)

photophosphorylation

d)

chemiosmosis

36.

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?

a)

accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

b)

glycolysis

c)

the citric acid cycle

d)

the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA

e)

the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP

37.

Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O2) is present or absent?

a)

glycolysis

b)

electron transport

c)

the citric acid cycle

d)

oxidative phosphorylation

e)

chemiosmosis

38.

Why are carbohydrates and fats considered high energy foods?

a)

They are easily reduced

b)

They have a lot of oxygen atoms

c)

They have no nitrogen in their makeup

d)

They can have very long carbon skeletons

e)

They have a lot of electrons associated with hydrogen

39.

What step shows a split of one molecule into two smaller molecules?

a)

D

b)

C

c)

A

d)

B

e)

E

40.

From figure above: In which step is an inorganic phosphate added to the reactant?

a)

D

b)

C

c)

A

d)

E

e)

F

41.

From figure above: In which reaction does an intermediate pathway become oxidized?

a)

C

b)

E

c)

F

d)

D

e)

A

42.

From figure above: Which step consists of a phosphorylation reaction in which ATP is the phosphate source?

a)

F

b)

A

c)

C

d)

E

e)

B

43.

How does pyruvate enter the mitochondrion?

a)

active transport

b)

diffusion

c)

facilitated diffusion

d)

through a channel

e)

through a pore

44.

Starting with one molecule of isocitrate and ending with fumarate, what is the maximum number of ATP molecules that could be made through substrate-level phosphorylation?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

11

d)

12

e)

24

45.

How many reduced dinucleotides would be produced with four turns of the citric acid cycle?

a)

16

b)

10

c)

5

d)

12

e)

60

46.

Using the figure above (Krebs' Cycle): How many molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) would be produced by five turns of the citric acid cycle?

a)

10

b)

2

c)

5

d)

12

e)

60

47.

Using the figure above (Krebs' Cycle): Starting with citrate, which of the following combinations of products would result from three turns of the citric acid cycle?

a)

3 ATP, 6 CO2, 9 NADH, and 3 FADH2

b)

1 ATP, 2 CO2, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2

c)

2 ATP, 2 CO2, 1 NADH, and 3 FADH2

d)

3 ATP, 3 CO2, 3 NADH, and 3 FADH2

e)

38 ATP, 6 CO2, 3 NADH, and 12 FADH2

48.

The process in which green plants synthesize organic food by utilizing carbon dioxide and water as raw materials, in the presence of sunlight, is known as:

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Food synthesis

c)

Light synthesis

d)

Respiration

49.

In which part of the cell does photosynthesis take place?

a)

Cell wall

b)

Chloroplast

c)

Vacuole

d)

Mitochondria

50.

Which is correct regarding photosynthesis?

a)

Water is absorbed from the soil through the stem system

b)

Sunlight is trapped by pigments called xanthophyll

c)

Chlorophyll absorbs green light

d)

Carbon dioxide is obtained from the atmosphere

51.

In which organism(s) does photosynthesis occur?

a)

All of the above

b)

Plants

c)

Bacteria

d)

Human

52.

Which of the following is the correct equation for photosynthesis?

a)

6CO2 + 12H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

b)

6CO2 + 6O2 → C6H12O6 + 12H2O

c)

12H2O → C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2

d)

6CO2 → C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2

53.

The following organelle performs photosynthesis

a)

endoplasmic reticulum

b)

mitochondria

c)

nucleus

d)

chloroplast

54.

What is the main molecule that stores and releases energy?

a)

NADP

b)

Oxygen

c)

PTP

d)

ATP

55.

Other than CO2 and light, which is used as the raw material for photosynthesis?

a)

CO2

b)

O2

c)

MnO2

d)

H2O

56.

Why is light energy used in photosynthesis?

a)

Reduction of H2O

b)

Reduction of CO2

c)

Activation of chlorophyll

d)

Oxidation of C6H12O6

57.

During photosynthesis, which light is least effective?

a)

Greenlight

b)

Blue light

c)

Sunlight

d)

Yellow light

58.

Which equation shows Photosynthesis?

a)
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
b)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy
c)
6O2 + light energy -> C6H12O6 + 6CO2
d)
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
59.

Which equation shows cellular respiration?

a)
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
b)
6H2O + energy + 6O2 → C6H12O6 + 6CO2
c)
C6H12O6 + 6CO2 → 6O2 + 6H2O + energy
d)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)
60.

What elements make photosynthesis?

a)
Oxygen, nitrogen, glucose, and soil
b)
Sunlight, glucose, oxygen, and minerals
c)
Chlorophyll, water, nitrogen, and sunlight
d)

Sunlight + carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen

61.

What elements are used in cellular respiration?

a)

Glucose + Oxygen = Water + Carbon Dioxide + ATP

b)
Calcium, potassium, and magnesium
c)
Nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus
d)
Iron, zinc, and copper

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