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WorksheetsMidterm Review
Total questions: 86
Worksheet time: 43mins
What is a generic name for a drug?
A generic name is less complicated and easier to remember. Bioavailability may vary.
A generic name is always the same as the brand name.
A generic name is a code used only by pharmacists.
A generic name is the chemical formula of the drug.
Which pregnancy drug category is considered most important?
A
B
C
D
X
What is the study of drug movement throughout the body called?
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Toxicology
Pharmacy
List the four pharmacokinetics processes.
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
Inhalation, Circulation, Digestion, Elimination
Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion, Excretion
Oxidation, Reduction, Hydrolysis, Conjugation
What does a black box warning on antidepressants indicate?
It regulates drugs with 'special problems'.
It indicates the drug is available over the counter.
It means the drug is safe for pregnant women.
It shows the drug is only for pediatric use.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare, life-threatening reaction to what type of drugs?
Antipsychotics
Antibiotics
Antivirals
Antihistamines
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is an adverse effect of the drug Chlorprozamjne and Sertraline.
True
False
What are some symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Elevated blood sugar, dyspnea (shortness of breath), and high fever.
Bradycardia, hypotension, and dry skin.
Weight loss, insomnia, and blurred vision.
Increased appetite, diarrhea, and rash.
Some antiseizure drugs (e.g., phenytoin, phenobarbital) reduce oral contraceptive effectiveness by what mechanism?
By enzyme induction.
By increasing absorption of contraceptives.
By inhibiting ovulation.
By blocking hormone receptors.
What should patients using antiseizure medications do regarding contraception?
Patients should use alternative forms of contraception.
Patients should stop all contraception.
Patients should avoid discussing contraception with their doctor.
Patients should rely solely on hormonal contraceptives.
What do mixed opioid agonists-antagonists do?
Occupy one receptor and block (or have no effect) on the other
Stimulate all opioid receptors
Only block opioid receptors
Have no effect on any receptor
Give an example of a mixed opioid agonist-antagonist.
pentazocine (Talwin)
morphine
fentanyl
codeine
What tests should be monitored when using statins?
Liver function tests
Renal function tests
Thyroid function tests
Blood glucose tests
Statins should not be used with ______ or ______.
pregnancy or breastfeeding
hypertension or diabetes
asthma or allergies
obesity or smoking
What is a common side effect to watch for when taking statins?
GI upset
Hair growth
Increased appetite
Improved vision
Furosemide treats heart failure and hypertension by removing large amounts of excessive fluid from patients in a short period of time.
True
False
When taking furosemide, what should be monitored to prevent possible dehydration and hypotension?
Fluid loss
Blood sugar levels
Vision changes
Heart murmurs
Spironolactone is classified as a ______ diuretic and an aldosterone antagonist.
potassium sparing
loop
thiazide
osmotic
Spironolactone interacts with which of the following?
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
Potassium supplements
All of the above
What is the normal range for sodium levels in the blood?
135–145 mEq/L
120–130 mEq/L
150–160 mEq/L
100–110 mEq/L
(High) Hypernatremia is defined as sodium levels above ______ mEq/L.
145 mEq/L
135 mEq/L
120 mEq/L
160 mEq/L
(Low) Hyponatremia is defined as sodium levels below ______ mEq/L.
135 mEq/L
145 mEq/L
125 mEq/L
150 mEq/L
What is osmosis?
Movement of water from area of low osmolality to areas of high osmolality
Movement of water from area of high osmolality to areas of low osmolality
Movement of solute from area of low osmolality to areas of high osmolality
Movement of air from area of low osmolality to areas of high osmolality
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) are usually given to patients who are unable to tolerate the adverse effects of ______ inhibitors.
ACE
Beta
Calcium channel
Renin
Do ARBs cause cough or significant hyperkalemia?
True
False
What is the function of buffers in maintaining body pH?
Increase acidity
Help maintain a normal body pH (acidity 7.35 - 7.45 alkalinity)
Decrease alkalinity
Cause acidosis
Which substance is used to maintain body pH?
Sodium Chloride
Sodium Bicarbonate
Potassium Chloride
Calcium Carbonate
The body may maintain a balanced pH for _________
homeostasis
digestion
respiration
photosynthesis
Right-sided heart failure is when blood backs up into veins. What does it cause?
Pulmonary edema
Peripheral edema and organ engorgement
Hypertension
Bradycardia
Right-sided heart failure is less common than left-sided heart failure.
True
False
What is the most serious adverse effect of digoxin?
Nausea
Vomiting
Dysrhythmias, particularly in patients who have hypokalemia or CKD
Visual disturbances
List other side effects of digoxin.
Nausea, vomiting, fatigue, anorexia, and visual disturbances such as seeing halos, a yellow-green tinge, or blurring.
Increased appetite, insomnia, and weight gain.
Hair loss, joint pain, and skin rash.
Frequent urination, dry mouth, and constipation.
Which drug provides quick relief in angina?
Beta blockers
Nitrates
Calcium channel blockers
Digoxin
Beta blockers are used in angina to _________.
prevent it from happening again
increase heart rate
cause angina attacks
raise blood pressure
Nitroglycerin relaxes blood vessels to increase blood flow to the heart and reduce its workload.
True
False
Symptoms of anaphylaxis include shortness of breath, swelling, hives, and sudden drop in blood pressure.
True
False
Lorazepam IV is used for ________ and ________.
anxiety and seizures
hypertension and diabetes
infection and pain
nausea and vomiting
When administering lorazepam intravenously (IV), how often should respirations be monitored?
Every 1 minute
Every 5 to 15 minutes
Every 30 minutes
Every hour
What is a side effect of lorazepam IV?
Drowsiness and sedation
Hypertension
Increased appetite
Rash
Bethanechol is a direct-acting cholinergic agonist that interacts with muscarinic receptors to cause actions typical of parasympathetic stimulation. What is the specific antidote for Bethanechol?
Atropine sulfate
Physostigmine
Epinephrine
Naloxone
What is the primary use of Bethanechol?
To treat nonobstructive urinary retention
To treat hypertension
To relieve pain in angina pectoris
To manage asthma
Phenylephrine belongs to which drug class?
Nasal decongestant
Antihistamine
Beta blocker
Antibiotic
Which of the following is a side effect of prolonged use of Phenylephrine?
Dry mouth
Rebound congestion
Hallucinations
Constipation
High doses of Phenylephrine can cause reflex bradycardia due to the ________.
elevation of blood pressure caused
direct stimulation of the vagus nerve
decrease in cardiac output
blockade of beta receptors
Phenylephrine should be used with caution in patients with which of the following conditions?
Diabetes
Advanced coronary artery disease
Asthma
Renal failure
Phenylephrine is NOT used in patients with which of the following?
Acute pancreatitis
Heart disease
Hepatitis
Narrow-angle glaucoma
All of the above
Which of the following is a possible abnormal change associated with Zolpidem?
Increased appetite
Suicidal thinking
Constipation
Hypertension
What is the Black Box Warning classification for Zolpidem?
Schedule IV
Schedule II
Schedule III
Schedule V
What is the required washout period for phenelzine before introducing other drugs?
2 to 3 weeks
1 to 2 days
5 to 7 days
1 month
12 hours
Which of the following is NOT an expected side effect of Atropine?
Dry mouth
Constipation
Urinary retention
Decreased heart rate
Which receptors are the primary receptors of the sympathetic autonomic nervous system?
Muscarinic cholinergic receptors
Alpha- & Beta-adrenergic receptors
Nicotinic cholinergic receptors
GABA receptors
Which neurotransmitter do parasympathetic muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors bind?
Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Lithium is a ________ drug for bipolar disorder.
mood stabilizer
pain reliever
antibiotic
antidepressant
Which of the following are two signs of lithium toxicity?
Tremor and confusion
Bradycardia and hypertension
Weight gain and insomnia
Hyperactivity and euphoria
Adequate ________ intake is required to prevent kidneys from retaining lithium.
sodium
potassium
calcium
magnesium
Tricyclic antidepressants like Desipramine (Norpramin) & Imipramine (Tofranil) are used when stimulants don’t work for which condition?
ADHD
Diabetes
Asthma
Hypertension
The main risk associated with the use of barbiturates is:
Respiratory depression
Increased appetite
Improved memory
Muscle growth
Bioavailability is the physiologic ability of the drug to ________.
reach targeted cells and produce its effect
be excreted unchanged in urine
bind irreversibly to plasma proteins
cause allergic reactions in all patients
Potency refers to:
How well a drug works
How much drug is needed for effective use
The side effects of a drug
The duration of drug action
Nicotinic receptors are named because ________ binds to these receptors and makes muscles move.
nicotine
acetylcholine
dopamine
serotonin
What are muscarinic receptors named after?
A) A type of bacteria
B) Muscarine from poisonous mushrooms
C) A neurotransmitter
D) A type of hormone
What is the main function of muscarinic receptors?
Stimulates smooth muscle and stimulates gland secretion.
Inhibits skeletal muscle contraction.
Promotes breakdown of glycogen in the liver.
Decreases heart rate and increases blood pressure.
What is a possible side effect of alpha blockade caused by prazosin?
Nasal congestion
Increased blood pressure
Insomnia
Weight gain
Prazosin is a selective ______ antagonist that competes with norepinephrine at its receptors on vascular smooth muscle in arterioles and veins.
alpha1-adrenergic
beta2-adrenergic
muscarinic
dopaminergic
How long does it generally take for the onset of anti-depressants to show improvement?
Less than 1 week
2-4 weeks
1-2 days
1 year
Which of the following is NOT listed as an antidepressant in the worksheet?
A) Sertraline
B) Imipramine
C) Diazepam
D) None of the above
Barbiturates bind with ______ receptor-chloride channel molecules, intensifying effects of GABA.
GABA
NMDA
Dopamine
Serotonin
What is the main action of barbiturates on the brain?
Inhibits brain impulses from passing through limbic and reticular activating systems.
Stimulates the production of dopamine in the brain.
Blocks the reuptake of serotonin in the synaptic cleft.
Enhances the release of acetylcholine in the cortex.
True or False: Drugs do not cure mental illness!
True
False
What type of drug is Haloperidol IM?
2nd generation antipsychotic
1st generation antipsychotic & schizophrenia drug
Antidepressant
Mood stabilizer
Haloperidol IM is a ______ receptor antagonist.
dopamine
serotonin
histamine
acetylcholine
How long does Haloperidol IM last following intramuscular or subcutaneous administration for uncooperative patients?
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
What is the antidote used to treat benzodiazepine overdose?
Naloxone
Flumazenil
Valproic acid
Ethosuximide
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of benzodiazepine overdose?
CNS depression
Tachycardia
Respiratory depression
Hypertension
GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that ______ brain activity and helps prevent seizures.
slows
increases
stimulates
accelerates
Naloxone (Evzio, Narcan) may be used to reverse respiratory depression in cases of ______ overdose.
opioid
acetaminophen
benzodiazepine
alcohol
Which drug is a first-line treatment for many types of epilepsy?
Flumazenil
Valproic acid
Ethosuximide
Haloperidol
Ethosuximide is a preferred drug for managing ______ seizures.
absence
tonic-clonic
myoclonic
partial
What are two symptoms that Donepezil helps to slow?
Memory loss and dementia symptoms
Headache and nausea
Muscle pain and fever
Cough and sore throat
Donepezil is contraindicated in patients with which conditions?
GI bleeding and jaundice
Hypertension and diabetes
Asthma and eczema
Migraine and insomnia
Donepezil is effective in late stages of dementia.
True
False
What is the mechanism of action of Bile-Acid Sequestrants in the body?
Bind with bile acids to increase excretion of cholesterol in stool.
Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase to reduce cholesterol synthesis.
Increase absorption of dietary cholesterol in the intestine.
Stimulate the production of bile acids in the liver.
What is the target LDL-c level for normal patients?
<100 mg/dL
<70 mg/dL
<130 mg/dL
<160 mg/dL
What is the target LDL-c level for people with high risk (e.g., diabetics, heart disease)?
<70 mg/dL
<100 mg/dL
<130 mg/dL
<160 mg/dL
What is the primary use of Loop Diuretics?
To reduce edema associated with heart, hepatic cirrhosis, or renal failure.
To treat bacterial infections.
To increase blood glucose levels.
To manage chronic pain.
What does a loading dose achieve in drug therapy?
A higher amount of drug given to quickly produce a therapeutic response and reach plateau faster.
It prolongs the half-life of the drug in the body.
It reduces the risk of side effects by lowering the initial dose.
It ensures the drug is completely eliminated before the next dose.
