Worksheets0001, Part 2: Health Behavior Theories
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 50mins
What is the main focus of disease prevention?
Treating diseases after they occur
Preventing the occurrence, progression, or complications of disease by reducing risk factors
Only providing medication
Ignoring risk factors
Health education provides individuals and communities with the ______ and skills to make informed health decisions.
knowledge
medicines
vehicles
buildings
Which of the following is NOT listed as a benefit of preventive care?
Reducing ER visits
Increasing costly treatments
Reducing hospitalizations
Reducing medical spending
Chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer are largely preventable and are leading causes of death.
True
False
Give an example of how teaching handwashing and hygiene can help prevent disease.
Teaching handwashing and hygiene reduces the spread of communicable diseases like flu and COVID-19.
Teaching handwashing and hygiene increases the risk of disease transmission.
Teaching handwashing and hygiene has no effect on disease prevention.
Teaching handwashing and hygiene only helps with non-communicable diseases.
List one way that health education and disease prevention efforts improve quality of life.
By reducing disease and disability, and lowering health care costs, these efforts improve quality of life.
By increasing the number of diseases in a community.
By discouraging people from seeking medical help.
By making healthcare more expensive for everyone.
Stress management can lead to ______ anxiety and better relationships.
lower
higher
constant
unpredictable
Physical activity programs can result in ______ falls among older adults.
fewer
more
no
frequent
Reproductive health education can lead to ______ teen pregnancies.
fewer
more
no
increased
Match the level of disease prevention with its description and example:
Prevent disease before it occurs - Vaccination, healthy diet, avoiding tobacco
Primary Prevention
Early detection and treatment - Screenings (e.g., mammograms, BP checks)
Secondary Prevention
Reduce complications or disability from existing disease - Diabetes management, stroke rehab
Tertiary Prevention
Health education helps people make informed choices.
True
False
Health education helps people develop lifelong health habits.
True
False
A public health educator develops a campaign to encourage young adults to get regular blood pressure screenings. This effort is most closely aligned with:
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
Health care treatment
________ curriculum promotes nutrition and physical activity as part of health promotion programs.
School health education
Mathematics
History
Art
________ campaigns are designed to reduce teen smoking rates.
Anti-smoking
Pro-smoking
Fitness
Technology
________ programs improve employee health and reduce absenteeism.
Workplace wellness
Financial literacy
Technical training
Customer loyalty
Public service announcements can be about ________ or STI prevention.
mental health
sports events
cooking recipes
car maintenance
Match the health promotion benefit with how it helps:
Lower Costs
Encourages behaviors that reduce chronic and infectious diseases
Longer Lifespan
Prevents disease, reduces demand on the health care system
Better Life Quality
Supports physical, mental, and social well-being
________ educates diverse populations and addresses disparities.
Equity and Access
Standardized Testing
Traditional Curriculum
Selective Admission
Social Factors are defined as ________.
Relationships and support systems, including family, peers, and social networks.
Economic resources and employment opportunities.
Physical health and genetic predispositions.
Government policies and legal regulations.
Cultural Factors are defined as ________.
Shared beliefs, values, customs, and traditions that influence behavior and expectations.
Economic policies that determine market trends and consumer spending.
Technological advancements that drive innovation and efficiency.
Legal regulations that govern business operations and compliance.
Economic Factors are defined as ________.
Access to resources like income, insurance, housing, and employment that affect health opportunities.
The genetic traits inherited from parents that determine physical characteristics.
The cultural beliefs and traditions passed down through generations.
The environmental conditions such as climate and pollution levels.
Social support from family or friends improves ________.
mental health and recovery
financial wealth
physical appearance
mathematical skills
Peer pressure can lead to ________.
risky behaviors (e.g., drug use, unsafe sex)
improved academic performance
better weather conditions
increased height
Social isolation increases the risk of which of the following?
Improved nutrition
Depression, heart disease, and early death
Better access to healthcare
Lower stress levels
Which of the following is a cultural factor that may influence whether individuals seek treatment?
Social isolation
Cultural beliefs
Low income
Housing instability
Language barriers can limit access to health services and understanding of ________ materials.
education
transportation
recreational
financial
Health practices, such as dietary restrictions and views on vaccination, may align or conflict with health ________.
recommendations
appointments
medications
facilities
Low income is linked to all of the following EXCEPT:
Poorer nutrition
Less preventive care
Higher chronic disease rates
Improved housing stability
Lack of insurance can delay care or reduce access to ________.
medications
entertainment
vacations
sports equipment
Housing instability leads to poor health outcomes, including higher ER use and increased ________.
stress
hydration
sunlight
exercise
Which of the following best describes a cultural factor that could affect a community’s response to a diabetes prevention program?
Limited access to transportation
Belief that body size reflects health and wealth
High cost of insulin
Which of the following is an example of designing culturally responsive health curricula in schools?
Using materials in multiple languages and relevant examples
Ignoring cultural differences
Focusing only on physical education
Teaching only in English
How can community members be engaged in health education in schools?
By organizing parent nights and involving cultural leaders
By excluding parents from health discussions
By focusing only on student activities
By avoiding community events
Adapt programs to the economic reality of students by offering free hygiene products or meals.
True
False
When teaching sensitive health topics, it is important to be aware of bias and stereotypes.
True
False
Match the following factors with how they affect health:
Dictating beliefs, values, and practices
Shaping behaviors, support, and norms
Determining access to resources
Dictating beliefs, values, and practices
Shaping behaviors, support, and norms
Determining access to resources
Cultural factors affect health by ________ beliefs, values, and practices.
dictating
ignoring
avoiding
neglecting
Economic factors influence health education by prioritization of health, ________, and engagement.
attendance
nutrition
exercise
awareness
What is the goal of primary prevention?
Prevent disease or injury before it occurs
Diagnose and treat disease at an early stage
Rehabilitate patients after disease has occurred
Monitor disease progression
Which level of prevention focuses on early diagnosis and prompt intervention?
Secondary prevention
Primary prevention
Tertiary prevention
Quaternary prevention
After a disease is established, which level of prevention is applied?
Tertiary prevention
Primary prevention
Quaternary prevention
Secondary prevention
Match the following levels of prevention with their correct focus:
Eliminate risk factors or increase resistance
1
Early diagnosis and prompt intervention
2
Rehabilitation, minimizing disability, improving QoL
3
Which of the following is an example of primary prevention?
Blood pressure screenings
Vaccinations (e.g., HPV, flu)
Rehabilitation after a stroke
Seatbelt and helmet laws are examples of primary prevention.
True
False
Blood pressure screenings are an example of ________ prevention.
secondary
primary
tertiary
quaternary
A school nurse organizes a blood pressure screening for 10th graders. What level of prevention does this represent?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Which level of prevention does a mammogram represent?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Which level of prevention does a school scoliosis check represent?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Which level of prevention do hearing and vision tests represent?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Which level of prevention does COVID-19 testing to isolate cases early represent?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Which level of prevention do diabetes management programs represent?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Which level of prevention does cardiac rehab after a heart attack represent?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Which level of prevention do support groups for substance use represent?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Which level of prevention does physical therapy after injury represent?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Which level of prevention does mental health treatment for chronic depression represent?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
What is the main focus of Behaviorism (Skinner, Pavlov)?
Learning is based on conditioning through reinforcement and punishment.
Students learn in different ways (e.g., visual, verbal, kinesthetic).
Learning occurs through labs and simulations.
Learning is based on abstract conceptualization.
Which instructional strategy is associated with Multiple Intelligences Theory (Howard Gardner)?
Clear rules and routines
Diverse instructional strategies
Labs and simulations
Abstract conceptualization
Experiential Learning (Kolb) involves the cycle of Concrete experience → Reflective observation → Abstract conceptualization → _________?
Active experimentation
Passive observation
Theoretical analysis
Random exploration
Match the following fields with their examples of theories/models:
Health Behavior
HBM, TPB, SCT, TTM, Ecological, Diffusion of Innovations
Health Education
PRECEDE–PROCEED, SMART Model
Learning Theory
Constructivism, Behaviorism, Multiple Intelligences, Experiential Learning
What is the main focus of the PRECEDE–PROCEED Model in health education?
Framework for planning and evaluating health promotion interventions
Marketing principles to sell healthy behaviors
Encourages active learning
Implementation and evaluation
The PRECEDE phase in the PRECEDE–PROCEED Model involves assessing needs, including Predisposing, Reinforcing, and ______ Constructs.
Enabling
Evaluative
Motivational
Sustaining
Which phase of the PRECEDE–PROCEED Model focuses on implementation and evaluation?
PRECEDE
PROCEED
SMART
Constructivist
What is the main focus of the SMART Model (Social Marketing Approach) in health education?
Framework for planning and evaluating health promotion interventions
Uses marketing principles to "sell" healthy behaviors
Learners actively build knowledge through experience
Encourages real-world application
The Constructivist Theory (Piaget, Vygotsky) encourages ______ learning and real-world application in health lessons.
active
passive
rote
isolated
What is the main focus of the Constructivist Theory (Piaget, Vygotsky)?
Learners actively build knowledge through experience
Uses marketing principles to sell healthy behaviors
Framework for planning and evaluating health promotion interventions
Implementation and evaluation
Match the public health policy to its primary benefit:
Clean air and water regulations
Reduce exposure to toxins and improve overall public health
Helmet/seatbelt laws
Reduce risk of injury or death in accidents
Quarantine or isolation policies
Control outbreaks (e.g., COVID-19)
Health insurance expansions
Improve access to preventive services and screenings
Which public health policy is designed to control outbreaks such as COVID-19?
Clean air and water regulations
Helmet/seatbelt laws
Quarantine or isolation policies
Health insurance expansions
Health insurance expansions improve access to ________ and screenings.
preventive services
emergency surgeries
cosmetic procedures
luxury treatments
Helmet/seatbelt laws reduce the risk of injury or death in accidents.
True
False
One way that policies can contribute to illness or inequity is:
By limiting access to healthcare for certain groups
By providing equal opportunities for all
By promoting healthy lifestyles for everyone
By ensuring fair distribution of resources
A city without a smoke-free indoor air policy exposes non-smokers to secondhand smoke, increasing risk for ________ illness.
respiratory
digestive
muscular
skeletal
A school district requires 60 minutes of daily physical activity in K-8 schools. What type of policy is this, and how does it support public health?
It is a wellness recommendation and increases school engagement
It is a public health policy that promotes physical fitness and reduces obesity
It is a nutrition program that teaches healthy eating habits
It is a healthcare intervention targeting adults
Mental health includes ___ .
funding for school counselors or crisis services
only physical health
just academic performance
exclusive focus on medication
Social determinants of health include ___ .
affordable housing and job security
favorite foods and music preferences
astrological signs and lucky numbers
personal hobbies and vacation spots
Equity and access include ___ .
language access and rural health programs
exclusive private healthcare
urban-only services
monolingual communication
Community norms refer to __.
how laws can shape what is seen as acceptable or 'normal' behavior
the economic status of a community
the physical boundaries of a neighborhood
the official language spoken in a region
Healthy People 2030
sets national objectives for improving health outcomes and shaping policy
is a private healthcare company focused on medical devices
focuses solely on international health regulations
is a campaign for increasing fast food consumption
Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) are
factors that influence health outcomes, such as affordable housing and job security
medical treatments provided in hospitals
genetic disorders inherited from parents
types of infectious diseases
Regulating health behaviors as a public health policy function ________ risky behaviors (e.g., underage drinking).
limits
encourages
ignores
increases
Providing access to care and resources as a public health policy function ________ outcomes and reduces disparities.
improves
worsens
ignores
complicates
Creating safe environments as a public health policy function ________ injuries and exposure to hazards.
prevents
causes
ignores
increases
Promoting health literacy as a public health policy function ________ individuals to make informed health decisions.
empowers
prevents
confuses
discourages
Public health policies can unintentionally exclude or harm, which ________ vulnerability or worsens inequities if not inclusive.
increases
decreases
ignores
eliminates
What is the focus of the Health Belief Model (HBM)?
Individual beliefs about health conditions influence behavior.
It measures the economic impact of diseases.
It focuses on genetic predispositions only.
It is concerned solely with healthcare infrastructure.
Identify two key concepts of the Health Belief Model (HBM).
Perceived susceptibility and perceived severity
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning
Maslow's hierarchy and self-actualization
Cognitive dissonance and social facilitation
What is the main focus of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)?
Behavior is influenced by personal, behavioral, and environmental factors
Behavior is driven by intention, which is influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control
Health is affected by multiple levels: individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy
Behavior change is a process that occurs in stages
The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is used to predict intention to perform health behaviors like quitting smoking or exercising.
True
False
Who is the developer of the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)?
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
Jean Piaget
Sigmund Freud
Which of the following is NOT a key concept of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)?
Observational learning (modeling)
Self-efficacy
Reinforcement
Precontemplation
The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) / Stages of Change includes which of the following stages? Select all that apply.
Maintenance
Preparation
Contemplation
Action
Precontemplation
The Ecological Model focuses on health being affected by multiple levels. List at least three of these levels.
Individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy
Genetic, planetary, technological, and cosmic
Nutritional, emotional, spiritual, and financial
Physical, digital, virtual, and metaphysical
The Diffusion of Innovations Theory describes how new health ideas, behaviors, or technologies spread through a population.
True
False
Match the following categories from the Diffusion of Innovations Theory to their order:
Innovators
Innovators
Early Adopters
Early Adopters
Early Majority
Early Majority
Late Majority
Late Majority
Laggards
Laggards
What are public health policies?
Laws, regulations, and actions enacted by governments to promote health, prevent disease, protect the public from health threats, and ensure equitable access to care
Private company rules for employees
Guidelines for personal hygiene
None of the above
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of public health policies?
Promote health
Prevent disease
Increase health threats
Ensure equitable access to care
At which levels do public health policies operate?
Only federal
Only state/local
Federal, state/local, and school district or institutional
Only school district
Match the policy type to how it prevents disease:
Vaccination mandates
Prevent the spread of communicable diseases (e.g., measles, polio)
Tobacco laws
Reduce smoking-related illnesses (e.g., lung cancer, heart disease)
Nutrition labeling laws
Help consumers make informed choices to prevent obesity and diabetes
School wellness
Promote healthy eating and physical activity
Public health policies are enacted by local, state, or ______ governments.
federal
municipal
tribal
corporate
Nutrition labeling laws help consumers make informed choices to prevent ______ and diabetes.
obesity
cancer
flu
allergies
