in newborns

in children

in adult

in the old

A. Bacteria

B. Viruses

C. Parasites

D. A, B, C

A. Are only for upper RT

B. Are only for lower RT

C. Are both for upper and lower RT

D. Are not related to upper and lower RT

A. Need antibiotic treatment

B. Need no antibiotic treatment

C. Need antibiotic treatment in some cases

D. either need or no need for antibiotic treatment

A. S. pneumoniae

B. H. influenzae

C. H. pylori

D. Influenzavirus

A. Keep RT clean

B. Keep environment clean

C. Keep body healthy

D. All of the above

A. The vocal cords

B. The position of the infection

C. The severity of the infection

D. The pathogens: Bacteria or Viruses

A. Never include the pathogens of RTIs

B. Some time include the pathogens of RTIs

C. Only include the pathogens if RTIs happen in children

D. Only include the pathogens if RTIs happen in adults

A. Is usually caused by viruses

B. Is not usually caused by viruses

C. Is usually caused by bacteria

D. Is not usually caused by bacteria

A. Include Acute rheumatic fever

B. Include Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

C. Include Acute rheumatic fever and Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

D. Include sinusitis

A. Can cause upper respiratory tract infection

B. Can cause lower respiratory tract infection

C. Can cause both upper and lower respiratory tract infection

D. Never cause respiratory tract infections

A. Both can easily spread

B. Both can be rarely fatal

C. Both can spread slowly

D. Can have different transmissions and pathogenecities

A. Only happen in upper part of respiratory tract

B. Only happen in lower part of respiratory tract

C. Can happen in upper and lower part of respiratory tract

D. Never happen in respiratory tract

A. Can be prevented by hygiene methods

B. Can be prevented by vaccines

C. Can be prevented by several methods

D. Can be prevented by using antibiotics

A. are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans

B. Are outside human body and cause septicemia

C. Only cause septicemia

D. All of the above

A. Have the same meaning

B. Are cause by different pathogens

C. Have different meaning

D. Are cause by the same pathogens

A. a break in the skin (cut, burn, lesion)

B. mucus membranes (eyes, nose, mouth)

C. sexual contact

D. All of the above

A. To protect the user only

B. To protect the patient only

C. To protect both user and patient

D. To protect equipment

A. Is accepted in work area

B. Sometimes is accepted in work area

C. Is absolutely prohibited in work area

D. Has no meaning to prevent blood-born pathogens infections

A. Bacteria and viruses

B. Bacteria and parasites

C. Viruses and parasites

D. Bacteria, viruses, and parasites

A. Cannot be transmitted through blood transfusion

B. Can be transmitted through blood transfusion

C. Can be transmitted through drinking

D. Cannot be transmitted through sexual contact

A. are related to hygiene conditions

B. are cured by antibiotic treatment

are common among drug users

are common among men

are important to prevent blood born pathogens transmission

are important for fishing

are not used in medical facilities

are used only at home to prevent blood born pathogens transmission

Anything belonging to a person

Anything used to protect a person from being exposured

Anything used to help a person to work

Anythng belonging to a medical staff

getting infected with S. aureus

getting infected with S. pneumoniae

getting infected with S. suis

getting infected with S. pyogenes

is never seen for HBV

is never seen for HCV

is never seen for HIV

is seen for HBV, HCV, HIV at different percentages

blood and drinking water

sexual contact and food

blood, sexual contact and 'mother to child'

'mother to child' and respiratory droplets

is not necessary for prevention of blood born pathogens

is necessary for prevention of blood born pathogens

not necessary for prention of diseases

is ncessary for prevention of urinary tract infection

To remove substances from the blood

To regulate certain body processes

To make sexual contact and new generations

All of the above

True

False

Bacteria

Viruses

Parasites

Some unknown organisms

Is based only on clinical symptoms

Is based only on laboratory results

Is based only on X-ray investigations

Is based on clinical symptoms and laboratory results

Includes antibiotic application

Includes drinking much water

Includes early detection

All of the above

Flushing action of urine

Mucus secretion

pH change after menopause

Prostate gland

Only upper UTI

Only lower UTI

Only complicated and uncomplicated UTI

Either upper or lower or complicated or uncomplicated UTI

S. aureus

E. coli

K. pneumoniae

Leptospira

Dysuria

Change in appearance of urine

Bacteriuria with > 100 000 CFU/ml

Fever

Most in men

Most in women

Most in children

Most in the old

never cause congenital consequences

never cause congenital consequences if it happens in male

some times cause congenital consequences

never cause congenital consequences if it happens in female

is important for diagnosis of UTI by bacteria

is less important for diagnosis of UTI by bacteria

is important for diagnosis of UTI by viruses

is important for diagnosis of UTI by fungi

   We need to measure patient’s temperature

We need to take mid-stream urine specimen

   We need to clean the container

We need to give antibiotics to patients

S. aureus

E. coli

V. cholerae

group A Streptococcus

are rarely caused by animal bites

are commonly caused by animal bites

are rarely caused by trafic accidents

are commonly caused by trafic accidents

are aureus

are E. coli

are S. typhi

are V. cholerae

History taking is important

History taking is less important

History taking is never important

History taking should not be considered

Need antibiotic treatment

Not always need antibiotic treatment

Need no antibiotic treatment

Not always need vaccine injection

Never caused by bacteria and viruses

Can be caused by many kinds of microorganisms

Never caused by bacteria and parasites

Can be caused by antibiotic treatment

caused by S. suis are common in adults in Vietnam

caused by S. aureus are common in adults in Vietnam

caused by S. pyogenes are common in adults in Vietnam

caused by S. pneumoniae are common in adults in Vietnam

are similar in age group of patients

are the same in age group of patients

are idential in age group of patients

are different in age group of patients

is not needed for diagnosis of Infections of the central nervous system

is not needed for diagnosis of bacterial infections of the central nervous system

is not needed for diagnosis of viral infections of the central nervous system

is needed for diagnosis of Infections of the central nervous system

can be called aseptic meningitis

cannot be called aseptic meningitis

should not be called aseptic meningitis

should be different from aseptic meningitis

a leading cause of infectious morbidity and mortality in patients with typhoid

a leading cause of infectious morbidity and mortality in patients with cholera

a leading cause of infectious morbidity and mortality in patients with AIDS

a leading cause of infectious morbidity and mortality in patients with tuberculosis

Small pox

Cow pox

Both A and B

Spherical

Straight rods

Helically curved rods

Tetracylines

Erythromycin

Both A and B

Crystal violet

Safranin

Iodine

Ability of bacterial cell wall

Ability of bacteria to grow

Ability of bacteria to survive

Lag phase

Exponential phase

Decline phase

Innate immunity

Acquired immunity

Passive immunity

Anthrax vaccine

Salk vaccine

Measles vaccine

Pink

Purple

Green

Chloramphenicol

Tetracylines

Penicillin