WorksheetsSpecial Examination in CE 223 (01-100)
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 1hrs 21mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
What is a load estimate?
a)
A precise calculation using detailed inputs
b)
An approximation based on methods like rules of thumb or quick assumptions
c)
A finalized load analysis
d)
None of these
2.
How is a load calculation different from a load estimate?
a)
It only uses assumptions instead of actual data.
b)
It is less detailed than a load estimate.
c)
It involves detailed analysis and is often performed using computer software.
d)
All of these
3.
Why is the term “estimate” still appropriate for the results of a load calculation?
a)
The calculation is always inaccurate
b)
The calculation is based on guesses
c)
Not all input details required by the software are known, requiring user judgment
d)
None of these
4.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a load estimate?
a)
Use of quick hand calculations
b)
Based on assumptions
c)
Reliance on check figures
d)
All of these
5.
What tools are commonly used today for detailed load calculations?
a)
Rules of thumb
b)
Check figures
c)
Computer software and spreadsheets
d)
Quick hand calculations
6.
What is the Cooling Load used for?
a)
Determining the building's structural strength
b)
Estimating the electricity usage of a building
c)
Selecting the air conditioning equipment
d)
Measuring the indoor air quality
7.
What is the purpose of the Heating Load evaluation?
a)
To estimate heat generation within a space
b)
To select the heating equipment
c)
To measure indoor air temperature
d)
To improve air conditioning efficiency
8.
Which of the following is NOT a factor in Cooling Load estimation?
a)
Heat coming from outdoors
b)
Heat generated within the space
c)
Heat on a design day
d)
All of these
9.
Source of heat is outside the conditioned space:
a)
External loads
b)
Internal loads
c)
System loads
d)
None of these
10.
Source of heat is within the conditioned space:
a)
External loads
b)
Internal loads
c)
System loads
d)
None of these
11.
Source of heat is the system's operation:
a)
External loads
b)
Internal loads
c)
System loads
d)
None of these
12.
The total of external and internal loads for the smallest individual area (a single space only) of an air-conditioned corner zone in a building:
a)
Space loads
b)
Zone loads
c)
Block loads
d)
System loads
13.
The total of external and internal loads for a group of one or more spaces with a single thermostatic control:
a)
Space loads
b)
Zone loads
c)
Block loads
d)
System loads
14.
The total of external, internal and system loads for a group of one or more spaces with a single thermostatic control:
a)
Space loads
b)
Zone loads
c)
Block loads
d)
System loads
15.
In non-residential buildings, what is considered a significant factor in load calculations?
a)
External loads
b)
Structural integrity
c)
Internal loads
d)
None of these
16.
What must the designer estimate when calculating internal loads for non-residential buildings?
a)
The amount of external insulation
b)
The peak usage of lights, number of people, electric equipment, and plug load
c)
The construction materials used
d)
The size of HVAC systems
17.
What is the additional challenge, besides estimating how much, that designers must consider in load calculations?
a)
The cost of materials
b)
When the loads will occur
c)
The aesthetic design of the building
d)
The location of the building
18.
In some industrial applications, which of the following items should be included in load calculations?
a)
Solar panels
b)
Electric motors, exposed piping, tanks, and other process items
c)
Window glazing materials
d)
Structural columns and beams
19.
Which of the following is a sub-group of external space loads that includes predominantly solar gain through glass, along with solar and transmission gains through walls and roof?
a)
Infiltration-Related
b)
Weather-Related
c)
Adjacent-Space Related
d)
System-Related
20.
Infiltration-related loads in external space loads are primarily influenced by which factor?
a)
The temperature of the adjacent space
b)
Solar radiation through the roof
c)
Outside wind speed and airflow through building openings
d)
The insulation properties of the walls
21.
Which of the following is included in the Adjacent-Space Related loads?
a)
Heat transfer through windows
b)
Solar radiation through walls
c)
Heat transfer across interior partitions due to temperature differential
d)
Heat gain through HVAC systems
22.
What remains consistent across different HVAC systems, whether a window unit or a VAV terminal, in terms of external space loads?
a)
The amount of heat gain or loss due to building construction
b)
The impact of outside temperature on the building envelope
c)
The heat gains and losses causing the space temperature to vary from the set point
d)
The cooling load needed to maintain the set temperature
23.
What typically causes heat transfer in the Adjacent-Space Related load category?
a)
Heat from HVAC equipment
b)
Temperature differential across interior partitions or horizontal assemblies
c)
Air infiltration through walls
d)
Solar heat gain through windows
24.
What type of loads are considered in the final group of load components when estimating a cooling load?
a)
Loads due to external weather conditions
b)
Loads due to the operating characteristics of the HVAC system
c)
Loads from people and equipment
d)
Loads due to adjacent space temperature differences
25.
Which standard indicates the minimum amount of outdoor air required to provide acceptable indoor air quality?
a)
ASHRAE IAQ Standard
b)
LEED Certification Guidelines
c)
National Building Code
d)
ISO 14001 Environmental Standard
26.
Which of the following does the ASHRAE IAQ Standard primarily address?
a)
Structural integrity of buildings
b)
Minimum outdoor air quantities for indoor air quality
c)
Energy efficiency of HVAC systems
d)
Building safety and fire codes
27.
Why is understanding key terminologies in cooling load estimation essential for multi-story buildings?
a)
To determine the color of walls and ceilings
b)
To accurately design HVAC systems based on heat transfer and cooling requirements
c)
To ensure the building’s structural integrity
d)
To calculate the cost of building materials
28.
Which of the following contributes to thermal behavior in cooling load estimation?
a)
Windows only
b)
Walls, ceilings, and partitions
c)
Furniture and fixtures
d)
Only the building’s roof
29.
How do partitions impact cooling load calculations?
a)
By affecting only exterior temperatures
b)
By separating conditioned and unconditioned spaces and impacting air distribution
c)
By acting as barriers to solar radiation
d)
By reducing energy consumption
30.
What is the impact of floor types on cooling load estimation?
a)
They influence the size of windows needed
b)
They have unique thermal characteristics depending on their position relative to the ground
c)
They only affect the building’s appearance
d)
They impact structural calculations but not thermal behavior
31.
Which term refers to the combined elements separating spaces both vertically and horizontally in a multi-story building?
a)
Wall partitions
b)
Ceiling partitions
c)
Wall and ceiling partitions
d)
Floor types
32.
In multi-story buildings, how are floor levels typically categorized in the American system?
a)
Ground Floor, First Floor, Second Floor
b)
Ground Floor, 1st Floor, 2nd Floor
c)
Basement Floor, Main Floor, Upper Floor
d)
First Floor, Second Floor, Third Floor
33.
What happens when the floor type "Floor Above Conditioned Space" is selected in cooling load estimation?
a)
Heat transfer through the floor is analyzed in detail
b)
No further input data is required, as heat transfer is assumed to be negligible
c)
Heat transfer is calculated between the space and the unconditioned region below
d)
Special input data for mechanical equipment is required
34.
Which of the following floor types involves heat transfer analysis due to the difference in air temperature between the conditioned space and an unconditioned or partially conditioned region below it?
a)
Floor Above Conditioned Space
b)
Floor Above Unconditioned Space
c)
Below-grade Floor
d)
Floor Above Heated Space
35.
What type of space is typically found below a "Floor Above Unconditioned Space"?
a)
A fully conditioned office space
b)
A warehouse, mechanical equipment room or parking garage
c)
A high-density residential area
d)
None of these
36.
When analyzing "Floor Above Unconditioned Space," what is the primary factor contributing to heat transfer?
a)
Heat from exterior windows
b)
Difference in air temperature between the conditioned and unconditioned spaces
c)
Solar heat gain through the roof
d)
The number of people in the space
37.
What is a Slab Floor On Grade?
a)
A floor located below grade level, separated from the soil
b)
A floor located at grade level in contact with soil
c)
A floor above the conditioned space
d)
A floor above an unconditioned space
38.
In a Slab-On-Grade Floor, how is heat transferred?
a)
From the room air through the ceiling to the floor above
b)
From the room air through the slab floor to the soil beneath and eventually to outdoor air
c)
From the exterior walls to the slab floor
d)
Through the walls to the air-conditioned region of the building
39.
According to ASHRAE recommendations, what is the role of slab and basement heat transfer in cooling load calculations?
a)
It is included in the design cooling calculations
b)
It is negligible or constitutes a credit for summer conditions
c)
It is added to the total cooling load for heating calculations
d)
It is factored into the heating load only
40.
What factors are analyzed for a Slab-On-Grade Floor?
a)
Only heat transfer from the ceiling to the floor
b)
Heat transfer through the floor to the soil and heat transfer through the exposed perimeter of the floor
c)
Solar radiation through the roof
d)
Heat transfer from the walls to the floor
41.
What is typically not included in the design cooling calculations for a Slab-On-Grade Floor?
a)
Heat transfer through the slab to the soil
b)
Heat transfer from the exposed perimeter of the floor
c)
Slab and basement heat transfer
d)
Heat gain from the HVAC system
42.
What is analyzed for a Slab-Below-Grade Floor?
a)
Heat transfer through the ceiling to the floor above
b)
Heat transfer through the basement floor and exposed perimeter to adjacent soil
c)
Heat transfer from the exterior walls to the roof
d)
Heat transfer between conditioned and unconditioned spaces
43.
What defines a Slab Floor Below Grade?
a)
A floor located at grade level with a slab surface above the soil
b)
A floor located below grade, in contact with the soil
c)
A floor above an unconditioned space
d)
A floor above a conditioned space
44.
What is the primary objective of shading devices in building design?
a)
To enhance building aesthetics
b)
To reduce heat gain, improve internal comfort, and minimize cooling costs
c)
To block all sunlight from entering the building
d)
To increase natural light in the building
45.
What role does shading from external sources, like trees and neighboring buildings, play in cooling load estimation?
a)
It increases the cooling load by blocking airflow
b)
It reduces the amount of solar heat gain, lowering the cooling load
c)
It has no effect on the cooling load estimation
d)
It only affects heating load, not cooling load
46.
How does shading impact cooling load through windows?
a)
Shading increases heat gain by allowing more sunlight in
b)
Shading prevents sunlight from directly hitting windows, significantly reducing solar heat gain
c)
Shading only affects the exterior of the building and has no impact on cooling load
d)
Shading increases the cooling load by blocking natural ventilation
47.
What is one challenge when incorporating shading from nearby structures in cooling load estimation?
a)
It may block necessary airflow, increasing cooling needs
b)
It may reduce the amount of sunlight entering the building
c)
It has no impact on ventilation
d)
It always decreases the cooling load
48.
What is the main function of external shading devices like canopies and overhangs?
a)
To provide aesthetic value to the building
b)
To reduce solar heat gain by blocking direct sunlight from entering the building
c)
To increase the amount of sunlight entering the building
d)
To improve indoor air quality
49.
How do fins (vertical shading devices) help in controlling solar heat gain?
a)
By increasing the amount of sunlight entering the building
b)
By blocking sunlight at certain angles while allowing airflow and natural light
c)
By blocking airflow but allowing sunlight
d)
By acting as insulation
50.
What impact do external shading devices like canopies, overhangs, and fins have on cooling loads?
a)
They increase the need for mechanical cooling
b)
They decrease the need for mechanical cooling by reducing solar heat gain
c)
They have no impact on cooling loads
d)
None of these
51.
What is the overall conclusion regarding external shading devices like canopies, overhangs, and fins?
a)
They are mainly decorative elements without a significant impact on energy efficiency
b)
They are effective tools for controlling solar heat gain, reducing cooling loads, and enhancing energy efficiency
c)
They have no role in sustainable building design
d)
They only help in reducing heating loads, not cooling loads
52.
What is the primary function of internal shading devices?
a)
To block sunlight before it enters the building
b)
To reduce solar heat gain by managing sunlight that enters through windows
c)
To increase sunlight entering the building
d)
To provide decoration for the windows
53.
What is the overall impact of internal shading devices on cooling load and indoor comfort?
a)
They increase the need for mechanical cooling and reduce comfort
b)
They help in reducing cooling loads and improve indoor comfort
c)
They have no effect on cooling load or indoor comfort
d)
They only provide aesthetic value and do not impact cooling load
54.
What is the primary role of external shading in cooling load estimation?
a)
To increase solar heat gain
b)
To reduce the amount of solar heat gain entering the building
c)
To allow more sunlight to enter the building
d)
To decrease the need for ventilation
55.
How does shading from trees affect cooling load?
a)
It increases solar heat gain in the building
b)
It has no impact on the cooling load
c)
It provides dynamic shading that reduces solar heat gain, especially during summer
d)
It blocks all sunlight in winter, causing heat loss
56.
Why is the placement of trees or vegetation important in shading for cooling load estimation?
a)
To prevent solar heat gain year-round
b)
To avoid blocking airflow that helps with natural cooling
c)
To maximize sunlight penetration during winter
d)
To increase the energy needed for cooling
57.
How does shading from nearby buildings affect cooling load?
a)
It has no effect on cooling load
b)
It can reduce direct sunlight exposure, lowering the cooling load
c)
It increases the cooling load by blocking airflow
d)
It has a neutral impact on cooling load
58.
What is a potential negative impact of shading from nearby structures?
a)
It can increase natural ventilation
b)
It can hinder natural ventilation, contributing to higher cooling needs
c)
It can decrease solar radiation reaching windows
d)
It can reduce heat loss during winter
59.
How does shading from external elements, such as trees or shading devices, reduce the cooling load?
a)
By allowing more solar radiation to enter the building
b)
By blocking or diffusing sunlight before it reaches the building’s surfaces
c)
By reducing the need for mechanical ventilation
d)
By increasing the need for HVAC cooling systems
60.
Why must shading effects be accurately accounted for in cooling load estimation?
a)
Because shading increases solar heat gain and cooling load
b)
Because shading directly influences the energy required to maintain comfortable indoor temperatures
c)
Because shading has no significant impact on cooling load
d)
None of these
61.
What is the definition of infiltration in building systems?
a)
The process of conditioned air escaping from the building
b)
The movement of outside air into the building through cracks or gaps
c)
The movement of indoor air to the outside
d)
The reduction of air pressure within the building
62.
What is exfiltration in building systems?
a)
The entry of outside air into the building
b)
The movement of conditioned indoor air escaping to the outside
c)
The process of reducing humidity within the building
d)
The blocking of outside air from entering the building
63.
Which of the following is a cause of infiltration?
a)
Wind pressure differences between the outside and inside
b)
Higher indoor air pressure than outdoor air pressure
c)
Well-sealed windows and doors
d)
Reduced temperature differences inside and outside the building
64.
What impact does excessive infiltration have on a building?
a)
It helps improve indoor air quality
b)
It reduces the load on HVAC systems
c)
It increases the load on HVAC systems and may introduce pollutants or moisture
d)
It lowers energy costs
65.
Which of the following causes exfiltration?
a)
Pressure differences with indoor air at higher pressure than outdoor air
b)
Wind pressure differences between the outside and inside
c)
Indoor air moving into the building due to poorly sealed windows
d)
Airflow from outside to inside due to a temperature difference
66.
What is a common block load used for in HVAC systems?
a)
To calculate the total energy consumption of a building
b)
To size individual room HVAC units
c)
To size HVAC equipment that serves multiple zones
d)
To determine the number of air diffusers needed
67.
What is a space in the context of HVAC systems?
a)
A group of zones controlled by a single thermostat
b)
The smallest area that requires air conditioning in a building
c)
The largest area of air conditioning use in a building
d)
A central cooling or heating equipment unit
68.
What is a zone in HVAC terminology?
a)
A space with independent thermostatic control
b)
A single room with one or more cooling coils
c)
A group of spaces with a single thermostatic control
d)
The entire building served by a single HVAC unit
69.
Why is a block load estimate typically smaller than the sum of the zone peak loads?
a)
Because the zones do not peak at the same time
b)
Because HVAC equipment efficiency reduces the peak load
c)
Because the block load is calculated based on weather conditions
d)
Because zone areas are often miscalculated
70.
What type of equipment can be sized using a block load estimate?
a)
Individual room air conditioning units
b)
Central cooling and heating equipment like chillers and boilers
c)
Heating and cooling appliances for each zone
d)
Thermostats and control systems
71.
What does a zone load estimate help determine?
a)
The size of HVAC ducts
b)
The appropriate size of HVAC equipment serving individual rooms
c)
The cooling and heating requirements of individual rooms or zones
d)
The type of thermostat needed
72.
What is a "plant load" in HVAC systems?
a)
The total internal load within multiple zones
b)
The total load used to size central cooling and heating equipment
c)
The energy consumption of air conditioning units
d)
None of these
73.
What are the three main load component categories?
a)
Conduction, Convection, and Radiation
b)
External space loads, Internal space loads, and System loads
c)
Ventilation loads, Infiltration loads, and Equipment loads
d)
Ventilation loads, latent heat loads and sensible heat loads
74.
An accurate load estimate provides the following four benefits.
a)
Properly sized equipment, high relative humidity, cost-effective equipment, and electrical distribution designs
b)
Properly sized equipment, Efficient air, water, and electrical distribution designs
c)
Properly sized equipment, Efficient air, correct pipe length, and water distribution designs
d)
Properly sized equipment, ductless, water, and electrical distribution designs
75.
_____ a load estimate for a thermostatically controlled area made up of one or more spaces.
a)
Zone load
b)
Block load
c)
Ventilation oad
d)
Infiltration load
76.
Ratio of absorbed and transmitted solar heat relative to fenestration fitted with shading devices to that occurring with unshaded single strength glass.
a)
shading coefficient (SC)
b)
solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC)
c)
R-value (thermal resistance)
d)
U-factor (thermal transmittance)
77.
Name the three methods of heat transfer.
a)
Conduction, Convection, and Radiation
b)
Conduction, Convection, and Infiltration
c)
Cooling load, Heat load, and Ventilation load
d)
Ventilation, Infiltration, and Radiation
78.
If an inaccurate load estimate is calculated with too great of a safety factor, what could be a serious implication?
a)
Part load humidity control will be poor, leading to discomfort and sufficient IAQ because inaccurate load estimate
b)
Part load humidity control will be good, but will lead to discomfort and potential IAQ issues because foul odor.
c)
Part load humidity control will be poor, leading to discomfort and potential IAQ issues because of growth of mold and mildew.
d)
Part load humidity control will be good, but will lead to uncomfortable and unhealthy indoor environment issues because of insufficient make up fresh air
79.
_____ represents the difference between the average daily maximum and average daily minimum dry bulb temperatures during the warmest month of the year. Large ranges of it are associated with inland locations far removed from large bodies of water and locations at high elevations above sea level. Large bodies of water tend to stabilize temperatures due to their large thermal inertia.
a)
Daily Range
b)
Weekly Range
c)
Monthly Range
d)
Annual Range
80.
The easiest way to determine the number of zones shown on an HVAC floor plan is to count the _____
a)
Occupants
b)
Air Cooled Condensing Units
c)
Thermostats
d)
EEV
81.
Fluorescent light fixtures are more commonly used in commercial buildings for general lighting because about _____ percent of the input energy is converted into light.
a)
20
b)
21
c)
22
d)
23
82.
A machine costing P45,000 is estimated to have a book value of P4,350 when retired at the end of 6 years. Depreciation cost is computed using a constant percentage of the declining book value. What is the annual rate of depreciation in %?
a)
33.25%
b)
35.25%
c)
32.25%
d)
34.32%
83.
An asset is purchased for P9,000.00. Its estimated life is 10 years after which it will be sold for P1,000.00. Find the book value during the first year if sum-of-years’ digit (SYD) depreciation is used.
a)
P8,000.00
b)
P7545.00
c)
P6,500.00
d)
P6,000.00
84.
An asset is purchased for P500,000.00. The salvage value in 25 years is P100,000.00. What is the total depreciation in the first three years using straight-line method?
a)
P48,000
b)
P32,000
c)
P24,000
d)
P16,000
85.
A company purchases an asset for P10,000.00 and plans to keep it for 20 years. If the salvage value is zero at the end of the 20th year, what is the depreciation in the third year? Use sum of the years' digits depreciation.
a)
P1000.00
b)
P937.00
c)
P857.00
d)
P747.00
86.
A company bought an equipment for P56,000. Other expenses including installation amounted to P4,000. The equipment is expected to have a life of 16 years with a salvage value of 10% of the original cost. Determine the book value at the end of 12 years by the straight-line method.
a)
P19,500
b)
P18,530
c)
P20,500
d)
P19,200
87.
Calculate the 5th year depreciation charge using a fixed percentage method of an asset costing P1000 having a life expectancy of 5 years and an estimated salvage value of P400.
a)
P90
b)
P78
c)
P80
d)
P84
88.
A manufacturing company buys a machine for $50,000. It estimates the machine’s useful life is 20 years and that it can then be sold for $5000. Using straight-line depreciation, what is the annual depreciation charge?
a)
$2000
b)
$2250
c)
$2500
d)
$2750
89.
A certain copier machine cost P150,000 with a trade-in value of P15,000 after making 800,000 copies. Using the declining balanced method, what is the book value when the machine had made 300,000 copies?
a)
P68,111
b)
P62,531
c)
P64,896
d)
P63,254
90.
An asset is purchased for P120,000. Its estimated life is 10 years, after which it will be sold for P12,000. Find the depreciation for the second year using the sum of the years digit method.
a)
P17,342
b)
P17,632
c)
P17,673
d)
P17,505
91.
Calculate the depreciated value after 6 years of a P10,000 machine having a useful life of 10 years and a salvage value of 10% of its original cost at that time. Use straight-line depreciation.
a)
P4200
b)
P4500
c)
P4400
d)
P4600
92.
A machine has an initial cost of P50,000 and a salvage value of P10,000 after 10 years. What is the book value after 5 years using straight-line depreciation?
a)
P25,000
b)
P15,500
c)
P35,000
d)
P30,000
93.
A machine costing P480,000 has a life expectancy of 12 years with a salvage value of 10% of the first cost. What is the book value after five years using the declining balance method?
a)
P183,892
b)
P196,432
c)
P152,758
d)
P214,785
94.
The first cost of equipment is P100,000 and estimated to have a book value of P30,000 when retired at the end of 10 years. Determine the annual rate of depreciation using a constant percentage declining balance method.
a)
11.34%
b)
10.21%
c)
10.33%
d)
10.56%
95.
An asset is purchased for P9,000.00. Its estimated economic life is 10 years after which it will be sold for P1,000.00. Find the depreciation in the first three years using sum of the years digit method.
a)
P3,927.27
b)
P3,464.35
c)
P3,324.32
d)
P3,743.26
96.
A company purchased an asset for P15,000 and plans to keep it for 20 years. If the salvage value is zero at the end of the 20th year, determine the depreciation in the 4th year? Use SYD.
a)
P1214
b)
P1157
c)
P1087
d)
P1206
97.
A machine costs P8,000 and an estimated life of 10 years with a salvage value of P500. What is its book value after 8 years? Using straight-line method.
a)
P2500
b)
P2000
c)
P3000
d)
P4000
98.
The corporation purchased a machine for P1 million. Freight and installation charges amounted to 3% of the purchase price. If the machine shall be depreciated over a period of 8 years with a salvage value of 12%. Determine the depreciation charged during the 5th year using the sum of the years digit method.
a)
P101,107.11
b)
P107,110.11
c)
P170,110.11
d)
P100,711.11
99.
An Engineer bought an equipment for P500,000. He spent an additional amount of P30,000 for installation and other expenses. The salvage value is 10% of the 1st cost. If the book value at the end of 5 years is P291,500 using straight-line depreciation, compute the life of the equipment in years.
a)
8
b)
9
c)
10
d)
11
100.
ABC corporation makes its policy that for every new equipment purchased, the annual depreciation cost should not exceed 18% of the first cost at any time without salvage value. Determine the length of service using SOYD method.
a)
7 years
b)
8 years
c)
9 years
d)
10 years
100 %
