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WorksheetsPolitical Awareness and Capitalism Analysis
Total questions: 127
Worksheet time: 64hrs 30mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
1. Analysis: How does Marx’s concept of “annihilating space by time” drive capitalism’s global expansion?
a)
It requires ever-faster production cycles across regions
b)
It slows local markets
c)
It preserves small-scale artisanship
d)
It reduces travel costs
2.
2. Analysis: Why do capitalist crises “reset” profitability but deepen class conflict, rather than resolving exploitation?
a)
They eliminate surplus only temporarily before competition resumes
b)
They abolish class divisions
c)
They distribute wealth equally
d)
They enforce labor protections
3.
3. Analysis: In what way does the rising bargaining power of the bourgeoisie undermine feudal structures in Marx’s view?
a)
By converting land-based rents into market-based profits
b)
By reinforcing serfdom
c)
By strengthening guilds
d)
By increasing peasant rebellions
4.
4. Analysis: How does Engels’s depiction of 19th-century English working conditions illustrate Marx’s theory of surplus value?
a)
Workers lived on wages far below the value they produced
b)
Workers owned the factories
c)
Workers received surplus dividends
d)
Workers set their own hours
5.
5. Analysis: Why is commodity fetishism critical for maintaining capitalist exploitation?
a)
It hides social labor relations behind price tags
b)
It glorifies artisan skills
c)
It ensures fair compensation
d)
It discourages mass production
6.
6. Analysis: Which scenario best captures Marx’s notion of alienation under wage labor?
a)
A factory worker never controls or owns what they make
b)
A volunteer works unpaid
c)
A landowner rents out their property
d)
A manager sets corporate strategy
7.
7. Analysis: How does the “dictatorship of the proletariat” differ from bourgeois parliamentary rule in Marx’s framework?
a)
Workers’ councils enact policies directly without class mediation
b)
Multi-party elections continue
c)
A single monarch rules
d)
Religious authorities govern
8.
8. Analysis: Why would Marx predict that technological innovation intensifies exploitation rather than liberating workers?
a)
New machinery raises output expectations while reducing labor power
b)
It guarantees shorter workdays
c)
It equalizes income
d)
It democratizes ownership
9.
9. Analysis: In what way does overaccumulation of capital trigger systemic breakdowns in Marx’s model?
a)
Excess capacity leads to falling profit margins and crisis
b)
It leads to hyper-inflation
c)
It resolves class antagonisms
d)
It eliminates commodity markets
10.
10. Analysis: How can class consciousness transform a dispersed working class into a revolutionary force?
a)
Shared recognition of exploitation unites collective action
b)
Improved wages prevent radicalism
c)
Private property rights expand
d)
Individual charity solves poverty
11.
11. Analysis: Why does Marx view the superstructure as reinforcing the economic base rather than reflecting autonomous cultural trends?
a)
Institutions propagate the ruling class ideology to secure production
b)
Culture evolves independently
c)
Religion drives economics
d)
Technology directs politics
12.
12. Analysis: Which contradiction makes capitalism unsustainable in Marx’s view?
a)
Profit maximization demands wage suppression, stifling demand
b)
Wage increases boost mass consumption
c)
Competition leads to monopoly elimination
d)
Free markets trust human nature
13.
13. Analysis: How does the international spread of capitalist relations intensify global inequality, according to Marx?
a)
Peripheral regions are integrated under unequal exchange terms
b)
All regions equalize incomes
c)
Colonies gain immediate prosperity
d)
Trade eliminates class divides
14.
14. Analysis: In what way do capitalist labor markets convert human labor into a commodity, and why is this significant?
a)
Workers sell labor-power at a price set by capitalists
b)
Labor-power remains non-marketized
c)
Labor is shared communally
d)
Labor markets are always equitable
15.
15. Analysis: Why might Marx believe that political reform within capitalism cannot resolve its fundamental contradictions?
a)
Reforms adjust symptoms but leave exploitation intact
b)
Reforms abolish private property
c)
Reforms create classless society
d)
Reforms eliminate wage labor
16.
16. Analysis: How does the concept of “use value” vs. “exchange value” reveal the alienation inherent in capitalism?
a)
Exchange value treats utility purely as a market price
b)
Use value drives investment
c)
Exchange value equals social utility
d)
Use value is irrelevant
17.
17. Analysis: Why would Marx argue that capitalist labor markets produce a “reserve army of labor”?
a)
Unemployed workers suppress wages through competition
b)
All workers find jobs
c)
Labor unions expand power
d)
Capitalism needs no labor surplus
18.
18. Analysis: In Marx’s view, how does competition among capitalists affect working conditions?
a)
Drives down labor costs and intensifies exploitation
b)
Guarantees living wages
c)
Prevents crises
d)
Promotes collective bargaining
19.
19. Analysis: How does Marx’s notion of base and superstructure help explain the persistence of class ideology?
a)
Economic relations determine the ideological framework
b)
Ideology shapes the base
c)
State institutions are neutral
d)
Culture emerges independently
20.
20. Analysis: Which mechanism does Marx identify as the driver of revolutionary change in capitalism?
a)
Deepening class antagonism that awakens proletarian action
b)
Gradual reform through parliament
c)
Enlightened ruling class leading
d)
Market-driven consensus
21.
21. True or False: Marx believed that crises under capitalism ultimately strengthen workers’ bargaining power.
a)
True
b)
False
22.
22. True or False: Commodity fetishism allows workers to see their labor as separate from the products they create.
a)
True
b)
False
23.
23. True or False: Marx saw private property in the means of production as the root of class exploitation.
a)
True
b)
False
24.
24. True or False: According to Marx, once capitalist relations are global, the potential for proletarian revolution disappears.
a)
True
b)
False
25.
25. True or False: Marx’s theory predicts that as capitalism matures, the gap between labor value and wages will narrow significantly.
a)
True
b)
False
26.
Analysis: Why does Lipset’s wealth‐democracy curve flatten at very high GNP levels?
a)
Because entrenched elites use resources to limit competition
b)
Because universal education collapses
c)
Because urbanization ceases
d)
Because party systems weaken
27.
Analysis: How does motor vehicle ownership signal the depth of modernization beyond mere income?
a)
It shows infrastructure and mass consumer capacity
b)
It indicates rural population sizes
c)
It reflects state‐led industrial policy
d)
It measures military readiness
28.
Analysis: According to Diamond, why can a high‐GNP focus mislead democratization efforts?
a)
It neglects deficits in education and health crucial for civic skills
b)
It exaggerates military capacity
c)
It inflates cultural homogeneity
d)
It underestimates urban growth
29.
Analysis: What characteristic defines Diamond’s “zone of transition”?
a)
Middle‐income states with uneven social development
b)
Low‐income autocracies
c)
High‐income democracies
d)
Rapidly urbanizing nations
30.
Analysis: How do Przeworski & Limongi distinguish “transition” from “survival”?
a)
Transition is emergence of democracy; survival is its endurance
b)
Transition is voting turnout; survival is press freedom
c)
Transition is elections; survival is GDP growth
d)
Transition is urbanization; survival is literacy
31.
Analysis: Why does per‐capita income above a threshold (~$6,000) reduce democratic breakdown?
a)
It provides resources to build legal and administrative institutions
b)
It guarantees immediate justice systems
c)
It assures equality
d)
It makes militarization unnecessary
32.
Analysis: In what way does the HDI capture democratizing conditions better than GNP alone?
a)
By combining education, health, and income metrics
b)
By measuring military strength
c)
By tracking urbanization alone
d)
By focusing on informal economy
33.
Analysis: How does the HDI–democracy correlation illustrate Diamond’s critique?
a)
A higher HDI correlation shows that non‐income factors matter for stable democracy
b)
A lower correlation would validate GNP-only
c)
It shows no correlation
d)
It coincides exactly with GNP
34.
Analysis: Why might rapid GDP growth without matching HDI improvements produce democratic volatility?
a)
Citizens’ expectations rise faster than institutional capacities to deliver services
b)
Growth always reduces volatility
c)
Growth automatically builds civic skills
d)
It ensures permanent prosperity
35.
Analysis: How does Przeworski & Limongi’s “survival thesis” refine modernization theory?
a)
It shows development sustains democracy rather than causing emergence
b)
It shows development causes transitions
c)
It rejects any link between development and democracy
d)
It focuses solely on cultural factors
36.
Analysis: Which policy implication follows from Diamond’s emphasis on HDI?
a)
Prioritize health and education investments before GDP growth
b)
Focus only on industrial output
c)
Privatize all public services
d)
Expand military spending
37.
Analysis: What role does literacy play in enhancing democratic participation?
a)
It enables citizens to access information and engage critically in public discourse
b)
It only raises test scores
c)
It primarily fuels urban migration
d)
It replaces civic associations
38.
Analysis: How does urbanization contribute to democratic development beyond population concentration?
a)
It fosters diverse interactions, idea exchange, and collective mobilization
b)
It fragments society
c)
It causes rural decline
d)
It centralizes political power
39.
Analysis: In what way does inequality at high income levels undermine democracy?
a)
Concentrated wealth allows elite influence over politics
b)
Inequality has no political effect
c)
Inequality always boosts participation
d)
Inequality forces consensus
40.
Analysis: How do existential security gains shift citizens toward self-expression values?
a)
Security frees them to focus on autonomy, participation, and quality-of-life issues
b)
Security makes them risk-averse
c)
It reduces civic engagement
d)
It increases survival anxiety
41.
Analysis: Why do cultural changes in Inglehart & Welzel’s model occur over generations rather than instantly?
a)
Values transmit via cohort replacement and socialization
b)
They respond directly to policy changes
c)
They are imposed by elites
d)
They depend solely on technology
42.
Analysis: How does the concept of a “middle‐class buffer” relate to democratic stability?
a)
A substantial middle class demands accountability and resists extremes
b)
A weak middle class enforces revolution
c)
The middle class always supports autocracy
d)
The middle class avoids politics
43.
Analysis: Which mechanism best explains why wealth alone cannot guarantee democratic deepening?
a)
Without civic skills and institutional capacity, money fails to translate into participation
b)
Wealth always deepens democracy
c)
Wealth automatically builds social capital
d)
Wealth undermines education
44.
Analysis: How might external shocks test the durability of middle-income democracies in Diamond’s framework?
a)
They expose institutional weaknesses and civic deficits inherent in the “zone of transition”
b)
Shocks always strengthen democracy
c)
They have no effect
d)
They guarantee regime change
45.
Analysis: What does Przeworski & Limongi’s finding about income thresholds imply for international democratization programs?
a)
Support should focus on strengthening institutions rather than just promoting transitions
b)
Focus only on elections
c)
Ignore domestic contexts
d)
Prioritize military aid
46.
Analysis: Why do Inglehart & Welzel regard self-expression values as key for environmental movements?
a)
They empower citizens to advocate for non-material quality-of-life issues
b)
They oppose environmentalism
c)
They demand only survival goods
d)
They reject civic activism
47.
True or False: In Diamond’s view, GNP alone is sufficient to predict democratic stability.
a)
True
b)
False
48.
True or False: Przeworski & Limongi find that democracies above a certain income level rarely backslide.
a)
True
b)
False
49.
True or False: Inglehart & Welzel argue that cultural change is immediate following economic growth.
a)
True
b)
False
50.
True or False: High income inequality at high GNP undermines democratic participation.
a)
True
b)
False
51.
True or False: Lipset’s four indicators include GNP per capita, literacy, urbanization, and life expectancy.
a)
True
b)
False
52.
Analysis: How does “annihilating space by time” drive capitalism’s global expansion?
a)
It forces ever‐shorter production cycles into new markets
b)
It preserves local traditions
c)
It lengthens labor contracts
d)
It reduces the need for infrastructure
53.
Analysis: Why are crises intrinsic to capitalism rather than occasional breakdowns?
a)
They resolve overproduction only temporarily before profit resumes
b)
They distribute wealth evenly
c)
They end class conflict
d)
They guarantee permanent stability
54.
Analysis: In Engels’s study of English workers, how did rent increases exemplify surplus‐value extraction?
a)
Rents consumed a growing share of wages, leaving less for workers
b)
Rents funded worker homes
c)
Rents decreased during booms
d)
Rents were fixed by tradition
55.
Analysis: How does commodity fetishism obscure the social origins of value?
a)
It makes products seem valuable in themselves rather than as labor fruits
b)
It highlights workers’ role
c)
It removes price tags
d)
It centralizes production
56.
Analysis: Which example best illustrates alienation in wage labor?
a)
A worker assembling widgets never sees or owns the end product
b)
A shopkeeper runs their own store
c)
A craftsman apprentices for years
d)
A volunteer organizes events
57.
Analysis: Why does the “dictatorship of the proletariat” represent a break with bourgeois democracy?
a)
It replaces class‐mediated representation with direct workers’ councils
b)
It introduces a new elected parliament
c)
It strengthens private property
d)
It restores feudal privileges
58.
Analysis: How does technological innovation under capitalism intensify labor exploitation?
a)
It raises productivity expectations while displacing workers
b)
It shortens the workday
c)
It equalizes earnings
d)
It democratizes access to machinery
59.
Analysis: What role does overaccumulation play in capital’s self‐undermining crisis cycle?
a)
Excess competing capital leads to falling profit rates and collapse
b)
It creates infinite demand
c)
It ensures stable business cycles
d)
It makes markets more equitable
60.
Analysis: How does class consciousness enable revolutionary potential according to Marx?
a)
Shared awareness of exploitation unites workers for collective action
b)
It boosts consumer spending
c)
It fosters loyalty to capital
d)
It discourages political organization
61.
Analysis: Why does Marx see the superstructure as an arm of the economic base rather than an independent realm?
a)
It reproduces dominant class ideology to legitimize exploitation
b)
It operates independently
c)
It undermines capitalist power
d)
It is solely cultural
62.
Analysis: In what way does globalization deepen class inequality, not alleviate it?
a)
Peripheral regions are integrated on unequal terms
b)
All regions gain equal wealth
c)
Globalization ends class divides
d)
It spreads universal social welfare
63.
Analysis: Why can political reforms within capitalism not resolve its fundamental class conflicts?
a)
Reforms tweak distribution but leave exploitation intact
b)
Reforms abolish private property
c)
Reforms make all workers owners
d)
Reforms eliminate wage labor
64.
Analysis: How does the base‐superstructure model explain the persistence of dominant ideologies?
a)
Economic relations shape the ideas that justify them
b)
Ideas shape the base
c)
Base and superstructure are unrelated
d)
Ideology always opposes the base
65.
Analysis: What contradiction arises from capital’s drive to maximize surplus value?
a)
Depressed wages undermine the consumer demand firms rely on
b)
Wages rise above profits
c)
Consumption is always stable
d)
Surplus value disappears
66.
Analysis: How does Marx’s notion of a “reserve army of labor” maintain capitalist wage suppression?
a)
Unemployment pressures workers to accept lower wages
b)
It increases union bargaining power
c)
It guarantees full employment
d)
It eliminates wage labor
67.
Analysis: Why does Marx argue that capitalist social relations cannot be neutral or apolitical?
a)
They are rooted in exploitative class dynamics
b)
They operate above material conditions
c)
They are purely cultural
d)
They ignore class
68.
Analysis: In what way does “commodity fetishism” mislead workers about their own power?
a)
It makes them see value as an attribute of things, not their labor
b)
It shows them the truth
c)
It grants them control over production
d)
It praises collective ownership
69.
Analysis: How can the intensification of class struggle hasten the collapse of capitalism?
a)
Heightened conflict undermines social order and capital’s legitimacy
b)
It deepens harmony
c)
It secures capitalist rule
d)
It reduces class awareness
70.
Analysis: Why does Marx believe that the political state cannot be a neutral mediator of class interests?
a)
It functions to enforce the ruling class’s economic dominance
b)
It arbitrates fairly
c)
It is controlled by the proletariat
d)
It emerges from direct democracy
71.
Analysis: How does the concept of “use value” vs. “exchange value” illustrate capitalist prioritization?
a)
Exchange value dominates, subordinating social utility
b)
Use value always drives prices
c)
Exchange value disappears
d)
Use value dictates production
72.
True or False: Marx saw capitalism’s global spread as a step toward universal liberation.
a)
True
b)
False
73.
True or False: For Marx, alienation decreases as workers gain more technical skills.
a)
True
b)
False
74.
True or False: Marx argued that abolishing private property in the means of production would eliminate class exploitation.
a)
True
b)
False
75.
True or False: Marx believed that capitalist reforms alone could resolve deep‐seated class contradictions.
a)
True
b)
False
76.
True or False: Marx’s analysis suggests that the proletariat’s revolution is historically inevitable due to system dynamics.
a)
True
b)
False
77.
Analysis: Why does “participant culture” foster democratic stability according to Almond & Verba?
a)
Because it combines active engagement with trust in institutions
b)
Because it rejects any deference to authority
c)
Because it demands only economic reforms
d)
Because it relies on parochial values
78.
Analysis: How does “subject culture” limit citizens’ influence despite high political awareness?
a)
Citizens know decisions but lack habits or channels to shape them
b)
Citizens lead policy debates
c)
Citizens ignore political information
d)
Citizens form direct action groups
79.
Analysis: Why are “parochial cultures” ill-suited for modern democracy?
a)
Because citizens lack awareness of political structures and their role
b)
Because they protest too frequently
c)
Because they have too many parties
d)
Because they support foreign influence
80.
Analysis: In Inglehart & Welzel’s model, why do self-expression values typically rise only after existential security is achieved?
a)
Because once basic needs are met, people shift focus to autonomy and civic voice
b)
Because insecurity boosts demands for voice
c)
Because elites impose self-expression
d)
Because traditionalism declines first
81.
Analysis: How does self-expression culture support environmental activism?
a)
By fostering individual autonomy and willingness to challenge the status quo
b)
By making people focus only on survival
c)
By reinforcing hierarchical norms
d)
By reducing education levels
82.
Analysis: Why do Inglehart & Welzel argue that cultural change lags behind economic development?
a)
Because values diffuse gradually through generational replacement
b)
Because economic policy dictates culture instantly
c)
Because mass media imposes new values
d)
Because elites restrict value change
83.
Analysis: Which pattern demonstrates the effect of participant culture on governmental performance?
a)
Higher trust and accountability scores in mixed civic cultures
b)
Lower voter turnout and public trust
c)
Stronger autocratic leaders
d)
More parochial isolation
84.
Analysis: How do bridging social capital networks differ from bonding networks in promoting inclusive democracy?
a)
Bridging ties connect diverse groups, facilitating cross-cutting dialogue
b)
Bonding ties ensure only identical groups
c)
Bridging ties isolate communities
d)
Bonding ties link all sectors
85.
Analysis: Why can high bonding capital sometimes undermine democratic inclusiveness?
a)
Because strong in-group solidarity can exclude outsiders and entrench sectarianism
b)
Because it always spreads trust
c)
Because it promotes universal suffrage
d)
Because it dissolves social networks
86.
Analysis: How does subject culture correlate with voter turnout but limited policy influence?
a)
Citizens vote out of duty but lack habits to engage further
b)
Citizens never vote
c)
Citizens dominate policy-making
d)
Citizens form activist movements
87.
Analysis: Why do parochial citizens rarely form effective civic associations?
a)
Because they do not perceive or expect influence over political processes
b)
Because they focus on national issues
c)
Because they lack economic resources
d)
Because they oppose any form of organization
88.
Analysis: How does modernization theory link economic growth to cultural change in Almond & Verba’s framework?
a)
By suggesting material security supports shifts from parochial and subject toward participant orientations
b)
By arguing economic growth stops culture
c)
By claiming culture drives economy
d)
By focusing on spiritual values
89.
Analysis: Why is balanced civic culture more adaptive than a purely participatory or purely deferential culture?
a)
Because it combines engagement with deference, preventing extremism and paralysis
b)
Because it rejects all authority
c)
Because it demands constant upheaval
d)
Because it isolates citizens
90.
Analysis: In what scenario would self-expression values most likely drive protest mobilization?
a)
When citizens feel secure enough to challenge authority without fear
b)
When their survival is in jeopardy
c)
When elites suppress all voices
d)
When traditional norms dominate
91.
Analysis: How do cultural orientations shape elite behavior according to Almond & Verba?
a)
Leaders adapt to prevailing civic norms to maintain legitimacy
b)
Leaders ignore culture
c)
Leaders always impose tradition
d)
Leaders avoid any civic engagement
92.
Analysis: Why might rapid cultural shifts outpace institutional reforms and destabilize democracy?
a)
Because new values generate demands institutions cannot deliver immediately
b)
Because institutions always lead culture
c)
Because cultural change never impacts politics
d)
Because values have no political effect
93.
Analysis: How does religious pluralism interact with civic culture to influence democratic tolerance?
a)
Diverse faith networks encourage cross-group dialogue and respect
b)
Religious divisions always foster conflict
c)
Secularism alone builds tolerance
d)
Homogenous religion ensures pluralism
94.
Analysis: Inglehart & Welzel find that cultural foundations matter for democratic resilience. Which finding supports this?
a)
Self-expression values predict protest and participation more strongly than GDP
b)
GDP predicts resilience twice as well
c)
Urbanization rates alone suffice
d)
Life expectancy has no political impact
95.
Analysis: Why do Inglehart & Welzel emphasize intergenerational value shifts for policy planning?
a)
Because policymakers must anticipate gradual changes in citizen expectations
b)
Because values change overnight
c)
Because only elites shape policy
d)
Because elections occur annually
96.
Analysis: How does subject culture combined with low self-expression values affect democratic accountability?
a)
Citizens comply with authority but do not demand rights or transparency
b)
They always demand transparency
c)
They overthrow governments quickly
d)
They boycott all institutions
97.
True or False: Participant culture implies unconditional support for all government decisions.
a)
True
b)
False
98.
True or False: Parochial cultures foster active civic movements by emphasizing local traditions.
a)
True
b)
False
99.
True or False: Subject culture encourages grassroots innovation in policy design.
a)
True
b)
False
100.
True or False: High self-expression values guarantee rapid democratization in all contexts.
a)
True
b)
False
101.
True or False: Balanced civic culture is a static ideal that does not evolve once established.
a)
True
b)
False
102.
Question Text
a)
Option 1
b)
Option 2
c)
Option 3
d)
Option 4
103.
Analysis: Why does Putnam use newspaper readership as a proxy for civic engagement?
a)
Because it indicates active information consumption and public debate
b)
Because it measures employment
c)
Because it tracks religious attendance
d)
Because it gauges factory output
104.
Analysis: How does “bridging” social capital strengthen democratic policymaking?
a)
By linking diverse groups, fostering cross-cutting trust and cooperation
b)
By reinforcing exclusive in-group loyalty
c)
By centralizing power in elites
d)
By separating social groups
105.
Analysis: In what way can “bonding” social capital undermine democracy?
a)
By creating tight in-group solidarities that exclude outsiders
b)
By increasing universal trust
c)
By automatically generating bridging networks
d)
By reducing group identities
106.
Analysis: Why does Diamond prioritize informal, amateur associations over formal NGOs in fostering civic norms?
a)
They embed cooperation in everyday life and local contexts
b)
They always have larger budgets
c)
They are government-run
d)
They never change
107.
Analysis: What key limitation does Way identify in earlier civil society research?
a)
Failure to account for authoritarian regimes’ ability to co-opt or suppress civic groups
b)
Overemphasis on economic factors
c)
Ignoring urbanization
d)
Focusing only on Western cases
108.
Analysis: How does Putnam explain the decline of civic engagement in modern societies?
a)
Rise of individualistic leisure (TV, internet) replacing face-to-face activities
b)
Growth of labor unions
c)
Increased voter turnout
d)
Expansion of formal NGOs
109.
Analysis: Why are historical civic traditions critical in Diamond’s view of democratic culture?
a)
They transmit norms of trust and cooperation across generations
b)
They only matter for rich countries
c)
They replace formal education
d)
They always guarantee democracy
110.
Analysis: In what way do bridging networks support policy innovation according to Putnam?
a)
By exposing policymakers to diverse perspectives and solutions
b)
By enforcing existing norms
c)
By isolating decision makers
d)
By diverting resources from public goods
111.
Analysis: How can excessive bonding capital foster corruption?
a)
By enabling closed networks to evade oversight and favor insiders
b)
By enhancing transparency
c)
By reducing bureaucratic inertia
d)
By strengthening meritocracy
112.
Analysis: Why does Way argue that civil society research must include the study of coercive and violent groups?
a)
Because such groups shape social norms and contest state authority
b)
Because they are always pro-democracy
c)
Because they never interact with formal politics
d)
Because they only operate in rural areas
113.
Analysis: What impact does high bridging capital have on social trust?
a)
It raises generalized trust by connecting diverse networks
b)
It lowers trust universally
c)
It only impacts trust within families
d)
It dismantles formal institutions
114.
Analysis: How does Putnam’s North/South Italy comparison illustrate the role of civic networks in governance?
a)
Northern regions’ stronger associations led to more effective local governments
b)
Both regions had identical governance
c)
Southern civic networks performed better
d)
Neither region had any civic tradition
115.
Analysis: In Diamond’s framework, why might spontaneous, informal gatherings be more resilient than formal NGOs?
a)
They arise organically and adapt quickly to local needs
b)
They always receive foreign funding
c)
They never face repression
d)
They are dependent on state grants
116.
Analysis: Why does Putnam link civic engagement to economic performance?
a)
Because trust and cooperation reduce transaction costs and foster development
b)
Because engagement increases taxes
c)
Because NGOs fund businesses
d)
Because civic clubs issue bonds
117.
Analysis: How can bonding capital coexist with bridging capital in healthy democracies?
a)
Strong in-group ties combined with cross-group alliances provide both solidarity and openness
b)
Bonding always excludes bridging
c)
Bridging always undermines bonding
d)
They cannot coexist
118.
Analysis: In what way can civil society actors hold governments accountable?
a)
By monitoring policy implementation and mobilizing public opinion
b)
By funding state operations
c)
By enforcing laws directly
d)
By avoiding political issues
119.
Analysis: Why does Way emphasize examining state–society repression dynamics in civil society studies?
a)
Because regimes use both coercion and co-option to control civic space
b)
Because governments never interact with NGOs
c)
Because repression only occurs in non-democracies
d)
Because civil society is always independent
120.
Analysis: How does declining civic engagement affect public health and education outcomes, according to Putnam?
a)
Lower trust and cooperation impede collective efforts in schools and clinics
b)
It always improves health
c)
It has no effect on education
d)
It strengthens state control
121.
Analysis: What lesson does Diamond draw from successful democratic transitions regarding civic traditions?
a)
Pre-existing norms of voluntary association accelerate democratization
b)
Formal institutions matter most
c)
Foreign aid alone secures democracy
d)
Military coups guarantee transitions
122.
Analysis: Why do Putnam and Diamond see civil society as a “reservoir” of democratic norms?
a)
Because associations store and reproduce trust, reciprocity, and participation habits
b)
Because they only serve elites
c)
Because they generate profit
d)
Because they replace government
123.
True or False: High bonding social capital always enhances overall social cohesion in diverse societies.
a)
True
b)
False
124.
True or False: Informal associations are immune to state repression and co-option.
a)
True
b)
False
125.
True or False: Bridging social capital requires formal organizational structures to succeed.
a)
True
b)
False
126.
True or False: Declining social capital necessarily leads to democratic collapse.
a)
True
b)
False
127.
True or False: Democratic durability depends more on civic habits than on legal frameworks alone.
a)
True
b)
False
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