"The kākāpō is a nocturnal, flightless parrot." Từ "flightless" có nghĩa là gì?

"The kākāpō is a nocturnal, flightless parrot." Từ "parrot" có nghĩa là gì?

"The kākāpō is critically endangered and one of New Zealand's unique treasures." Cụm từ "critically endangered" có nghĩa là gì?

"The kākāpō is critically endangered and one of New Zealand's unique treasures." Từ "treasures" có nghĩa là gì?

"The kākāpō is a large, forest-dwelling bird." Cụm từ "forest-dwelling" có nghĩa là gì?

"The kākāpō has a pale owl-like face." Từ "pale" có nghĩa là gì?

"It has predominantly yellow-green feathers." Từ "predominantly" có nghĩa là gì?

"It has predominantly yellow-green feathers." Từ "feathers" có nghĩa là gì?

"The kākāpō has a large grey beak." Từ "beak" có nghĩa là gì?

"The kākāpō has relatively short wings and tail." Từ "tail" có nghĩa là gì?

"It is the world's only flightless parrot." Từ "flightless" có nghĩa là gì?

"It is also possibly one of the world's longest-living birds, with a reported lifespan of up to 100 years." Từ "lifespan" có nghĩa là gì?

"Kākāpō are solitary birds." Từ "solitary" có nghĩa là gì?

"They forage on the ground and climb high into trees." Từ "forage" có nghĩa là gì?

"They often leap from trees and flap their wings." Từ "leap" có nghĩa là gì?

"They often leap from trees and flap their wings." Từ "flap" có nghĩa là gì?

"But at best manage a controlled descent to the ground." Từ "descent" có nghĩa là gì?

"They are entirely vegetarian." Từ "vegetarian" có nghĩa là gì?

"Their diet including the leaves, roots and bark of trees." Từ "bark" có nghĩa là gì?

"Their diet including bulbs, and fern fronds." Từ "bulbs" có nghĩa là gì?

"Their diet including bulbs, and fern fronds." Từ "fern" có nghĩa là gì?

"Kākāpō breed in summer and autumn." Từ "breed" có nghĩa là gì?

"But only in years when food is plentiful." Từ "plentiful" có nghĩa là gì?

"Males play no part in incubation or chick-rearing." Từ "incubation" có nghĩa là gì?

"The 1-4 eggs are laid in soil." Từ "laid" có nghĩa là gì?

"The female kākāpō has to spend long periods away from the nest." Từ "nest" có nghĩa là gì?

"Which leaves the unattended eggs and chicks particularly vulnerable to predators." Từ "vulnerable" có nghĩa là gì?

"Which leaves the unattended eggs and chicks particularly vulnerable to predators." Từ "predators" có nghĩa là gì?

"This all changed with the arrival of the first Polynesian settlers about 700 years ago." Từ "settlers" có nghĩa là gì?

"For the early settlers, the flightless kākāpō was easy prey." Từ "prey" có nghĩa là gì?

"They used its feathers to make soft cloaks." Từ "cloaks" có nghĩa là gì?

"By the time European colonisers arrived in the early 1800s." Từ "colonisers" có nghĩa là gì?

"Kākāpō had become confined to the central North Island." Cụm từ "confined to" có nghĩa là gì?

"The fall in kākāpō numbers was accelerated by European colonisation." Từ "accelerated" có nghĩa là gì?

"The fall in kākāpō numbers was accelerated by European colonisation." Từ "colonisation" có nghĩa là gì?

"A great deal of habitat was lost through forest clearance." Từ "clearance" có nghĩa là gì?

"Introduced species such as deer depleted the remaining forests of food." Từ "depleted" có nghĩa là gì?

"Other predators such as cats, stoats and two more species of rat were also introduced." Từ "stoats" có nghĩa là gì?

"Conservationist Richard Henry led an effort to relocate several hundred of the birds." Từ "Conservationist" có nghĩa là gì?

"Only a few clung to life in the most isolated parts of New Zealand." Cụm từ "clung to" có nghĩa là gì?

"The newly formed New Zealand Wildlife Service made over 60 expeditions to find kākāpō." Từ "expeditions" có nghĩa là gì?

"All but one died within a few months of captivity." Từ "captivity" có nghĩa là gì?

"In 1974, a new initiative was launched." Từ "initiative" có nghĩa là gì?

"In 1977, a large population of males was spotted in Rakiura." Từ "spotted" có nghĩa là gì?

"These birds have been the foundation of all subsequent work in managing the species." Từ "foundation" có nghĩa là gì?

"Unfortunately, predation by feral cats on Rakiura Island led to a rapid decline." Cụm từ "feral cats" có nghĩa là gì?

"The surviving population was evacuated to three island sanctuaries." Từ "evacuated" có nghĩa là gì?

"The surviving population was evacuated to three island sanctuaries." Từ "sanctuaries" có nghĩa là gì?

"However, breeding success was hard to achieve." Từ "breeding" có nghĩa là gì?

"An insufficient number of chicks survived to offset adult mortality." Từ "offset" có nghĩa là gì?

"An insufficient number of chicks survived to offset adult mortality." Từ "mortality" có nghĩa là gì?

"The critical situation prompted an urgent review." Từ "critical" có nghĩa là gì?

"The critical situation prompted an urgent review of kākāpō management." Từ "prompted" có nghĩa là gì?

"The critical situation prompted an urgent review of kākāpō management." Từ "review" có nghĩa là gì?

"A new Recovery Plan was launched, together with a specialist advisory group." Cụm từ "specialist advisory group" có nghĩa là gì?

"Renewed steps were taken to control predators on the three islands." Cụm từ "Renewed steps" có nghĩa là gì?

"Cats were eradicated from Little Barrier Island in 1980." Từ "eradicated" có nghĩa là gì?

"Possums were eradicated from Codfish Island by 1986." Từ "possums" có nghĩa là gì?

"The population did not start to increase until rats were removed from all three islands, and the birds were more intensively managed." Từ "intensively" có nghĩa là gì?

"This involved moving the birds between islands, supplementary feeding of adults and rescuing and hand-raising any failing chicks." Cụm từ "supplementary feeding" có nghĩa là gì?

"For the first time, there was cautious optimism for the future of kākāpō." Cụm từ "cautious optimism" có nghĩa là gì?

"Today, kākāpō management continues to be guided by the kākāpō Recovery Plan." Từ "guided" có nghĩa là gì?

"Its key goals are: minimise the loss of genetic diversity in the kākāpō population." Từ "minimise" có nghĩa là gì?

"Minimise the loss of genetic diversity in the kākāpō population." Cụm từ "genetic diversity" có nghĩa là gì?

"Restore or maintain sufficient habitat to accommodate the expected increase in the kākāpō population." Từ "accommodate" có nghĩa là gì?

"Ensure stakeholders continue to be fully engaged in the preservation of the species." Từ "stakeholders" có nghĩa là gì?

"Around 25 million elms, accounting for 90% of all elm trees in the UK, died during the 1960s and '70s." Từ "elms" có nghĩa là gì?

"In the aftermath, the elm, once so dominant in the British landscape, was largely forgotten." Từ "aftermath" có nghĩa là gì?

"The elm, once so dominant in the British landscape, was largely forgotten." Từ "dominant" có nghĩa là gì?

"Says Matt Elliot of the Woodland Trust." Từ "Trust" có nghĩa là gì?

"The disease is caused by a fungus that blocks the elms' vascular system." Từ "fungus" có nghĩa là gì?

"The disease is caused by a fungus that blocks the elms' vascular system." Từ "vascular" có nghĩa là gì?

"Causing branches to wilt and die." Từ "wilt" có nghĩa là gì?

"A first epidemic, which occurred in the 1920s, gradually died down." Từ "epidemic" có nghĩa là gì?

"A first epidemic, which occurred in the 1920s, gradually died down." Từ "gradually" có nghĩa là gì?

"In the '70s a second epidemic was triggered by shipments of elm from Canada." Từ "triggered" có nghĩa là gì?

"In the '70s a second epidemic was triggered by shipments of elm from Canada." Từ "shipments" có nghĩa là gì?

"The wood came in the form of logs destined for boat building." Từ "destined" có nghĩa là gì?

"Its intact bark was perfect for the elm bark beetles." Từ "intact" có nghĩa là gì?

"Its intact bark was perfect for the elm bark beetles that spread the deadly fungus." Từ "beetles" có nghĩa là gì?

"This time, the beetles carried a much more virulent strain that destroyed the vast majority of British elms." Cụm từ "virulent strain" có nghĩa là gì?

"Elms still exist in the southern English countryside but mostly only in low hedgerows between fields." Từ "hedgerows" có nghĩa là gì?

"We have millions of small elms in hedgerows but they get targeted by the beetle as soon as they reach a certain size." Từ "beetle" có nghĩa là gì?

"Once the trunk of the elm reaches 10-15 centimetres or so in diameter." Từ "trunk" có nghĩa là gì?

"Yet mature specimens have been identified, in counties such as Cambridgeshire." Cụm từ "mature specimens" có nghĩa là gì?

"Have mysteriously escaped the epidemic." Từ "mysteriously" có nghĩa là gì?

"When millions of others succumbed." Từ "succumbed" có nghĩa là gì?

"What are the reasons for their survival? Avoidance, tolerance, resistance?" Từ "Avoidance" có nghĩa là gì?

"What are the reasons for their survival? Avoidance, tolerance, resistance?" Từ "tolerance" có nghĩa là gì?

"What are the reasons for their survival? Avoidance, tolerance, resistance?" Từ "resistance" có nghĩa là gì?

"For centuries, elm ran a close second to oak as the hardwood tree of choice in Britain." Từ "centuries" có nghĩa là gì?

"For centuries, elm ran a close second to oak as the hardwood tree of choice in Britain." Từ "oak" có nghĩa là gì?

"Was in many instances the most prominent tree in the landscape." Từ "instances" có nghĩa là gì?

"Was in many instances the most prominent tree in the landscape." Từ "prominent" có nghĩa là gì?

"Was in many instances the most prominent tree in the landscape." Từ "landscape" có nghĩa là gì?

"It became a key component of birch, ash and hazel woodlands." Từ "component" có nghĩa là gì?

"It became a key component of birch, ash and hazel woodlands." Từ "birch" có nghĩa là gì?

"It became a key component of birch, ash and hazel woodlands." Từ "ash" có nghĩa là gì?

"It became a key component of birch, ash and hazel woodlands." Cụm từ "hazel woodlands" có nghĩa là gì?

"Elm was also the preferred material for shields and early swords." Từ "shields" có nghĩa là gì?

"Elm was also the preferred material for shields and early swords." Từ "swords" có nghĩa là gì?

"Its wood was used for items such as storage crates and flooring." Từ "crates" có nghĩa là gì?

"Its wood was used for items such as storage crates and flooring." Từ "flooring" có nghĩa là gì?

"It was used to build the keel of the 19th-century sailing ship Cutty Sark." Từ "keel" có nghĩa là gì?

"As well as mining equipment." Cụm từ "mining equipment" có nghĩa là gì?

"Given how ingrained elm is in British culture, it's unsurprising the tree has many advocates." Từ "ingrained" có nghĩa là gì?

"Strong winds from the sea make it difficult for the determined elm bark beetle to attack this coastal city's elm population." Từ "determined" có nghĩa là gì?

"However, the situation is precarious." Từ "precarious" có nghĩa là gì?

"The beetles can just march in if we're not careful." Cụm từ "march in" có nghĩa là gì?

"As the threat is right on our doorstep." Cụm từ "right on our doorstep" có nghĩa là gì?

"Any prospect of the elm returning relies heavily on trees being either resistant to, or tolerant of, the disease." Từ "prospect" có nghĩa là gì?

"This means a widespread reintroduction would involve existing or new hybrid strains derived from resistant, generally non-native elm species." Từ "resistant to" có nghĩa là gì?

"Any prospect of the elm returning relies heavily on trees being either resistant to, or tolerant of, the disease." Cụm từ "tolerant of" có nghĩa là gì?

"This means a widespread reintroduction would involve existing or new hybrid strains." Từ "hybrid" có nghĩa là gì?

"This means a widespread reintroduction would involve existing or new hybrid strains." Từ "strains" có nghĩa là gì?

"Derived from resistant, generally non-native elm species." Cụm từ "non-native" có nghĩa là gì?

"A new generation of seedlings have been bred and tested." Từ "seedlings" có nghĩa là gì?

"A new generation of seedlings have been bred and tested." Từ "bred" có nghĩa là gì?

"To see if they can withstand the fungus." Từ "withstand" có nghĩa là gì?

"By cutting a small slit on the bark and injecting a tiny amount of the pathogen." Từ "slit" có nghĩa là gì?

"By cutting a small slit on the bark and injecting a tiny amount of the pathogen." Từ "pathogen" có nghĩa là gì?

"Whereas those that are susceptible show leaf loss and may even have died completely." Từ "susceptible" có nghĩa là gì?

"If we're putting elm back into the landscape, a small element of it is not native." Từ "landscape" có nghĩa là gì?

"Others are more wary." Từ "wary" có nghĩa là gì?

"You're replacing a native species with a horticultural analogue." Cụm từ "horticultural analogue" có nghĩa là gì?

"You're effectively cloning." Từ "cloning" có nghĩa là gì?

"From medical decisions to financial and professional ones, we are all sometimes required to weigh up information under stressful conditions." Từ "medical" có nghĩa là gì?

"We are all sometimes required to weigh up information under stressful conditions." Cụm từ "weigh up" có nghĩa là gì?

"My colleague and I, both neuroscientists, wanted to investigate how the mind operates under stress." Từ "neuroscientists" có nghĩa là gì?

"So we visited some local fire stations. Firefighters' workdays vary quite a bit." Từ "Firefighters" có nghĩa là gì?

"Other days can be hectic, with numerous life-threatening incidents to attend to." Từ "hectic" có nghĩa là gì?

"Other days can be hectic, with numerous life-threatening incidents to attend to." Cụm từ "life-threatening incidents" có nghĩa là gì?

"They'll enter burning homes to rescue trapped residents." Cụm từ "trapped residents" có nghĩa là gì?

"And assist with medical emergencies." Cụm từ "medical emergencies" có nghĩa là gì?

"These ups and downs presented the perfect setting for an experiment." Cụm từ "ups and downs" có nghĩa là gì?

"We found that perceived threat acted as a trigger for a stress reaction." Cụm từ "perceived threat" có nghĩa là gì?

"We found that perceived threat acted as a trigger for a stress reaction." Từ "trigger" có nghĩa là gì?

"But only as long as it conveyed bad news." Từ "conveyed" có nghĩa là gì?

"We asked the firefighters to estimate their likelihood of experiencing 40 different adverse events." Từ "likelihood" có nghĩa là gì?

"We asked the firefighters to estimate their likelihood of experiencing 40 different adverse events." Từ "adverse" có nghĩa là gì?

"Such as being involved in an accident or becoming a victim of card fraud." Từ "victim" có nghĩa là gì?

"Or becoming a victim of card fraud." Cụm từ "card fraud" có nghĩa là gì?

"And asked them to provide new estimates." Từ "estimates" có nghĩa là gì?

"People are normally quite optimistic." Từ "optimistic" có nghĩa là gì?

"But when they were under stress, a different pattern emerged." Từ "pattern" có nghĩa là gì?

"Under these conditions, they became hyper-vigilant to bad news." Từ "hyper-vigilant" có nghĩa là gì?

"And altered their beliefs in response." Từ "altered" có nghĩa là gì?

"We observed the same pattern in students who were told they had to give a surprise public speech." Cụm từ "surprise public speech" có nghĩa là gì?

"Which would be judged by a panel, recorded and posted online." Từ "judged" có nghĩa là gì?

"Which would be judged by a panel, recorded and posted online." Từ "panel" có nghĩa là gì?

"Sure enough, their cortisol levels spiked." Từ "cortisol" có nghĩa là gì?

"Sure enough, their cortisol levels spiked." Từ "spiked" có nghĩa là gì?

"And they suddenly became better at processing unrelated, yet alarming, information." Từ "alarming" có nghĩa là gì?

"When we experience stressful events, a physiological change is triggered." Từ "physiological" có nghĩa là gì?

"A physiological change is triggered that causes us to take in warnings." Từ "triggered" có nghĩa là gì?

"That causes us to take in warnings and focus on what might go wrong." Từ "warnings" có nghĩa là gì?

"Brain imaging reveals that this 'switch' is related to a sudden boost in a neural signal." Cụm từ "sudden boost" có nghĩa là gì?

"This 'switch' is related to a sudden boost in a neural signal important for learning." Cụm từ "neural signal" có nghĩa là gì?

"Specifically in response to unexpected warning signs, such as faces expressing fear." Cụm từ "warning signs" có nghĩa là gì?

"Such neural engineering could have helped prehistoric humans to survive." Cụm từ "prehistoric humans" có nghĩa là gì?

"When our ancestors found themselves surrounded by hungry animals, they would have benefited from an increased ability to learn about hazards." Từ "hazards" có nghĩa là gì?

"In a safe environment, however, it would have been wasteful to be on high alert constantly." Từ "wasteful" có nghĩa là gì?

"In fact, people with clinical depression and anxiety seem unable to switch away from a state." Cụm từ "clinical depression" có nghĩa là gì?

"People with clinical depression and anxiety seem unable to switch away from a state." Từ "anxiety" có nghĩa là gì?

"If a co-worker is stressed, we are more likely to tense up and feel stressed ourselves." Cụm từ "tense up" có nghĩa là gì?

"Such as images of a pink sunset, we are more likely to post uplifting messages ourselves." Từ "sunset" có nghĩa là gì?

"We are more likely to post uplifting messages ourselves." Cụm từ "uplifting messages" có nghĩa là gì?

"In some ways, many of us now live as if we are in danger, constantly ready to tackle demanding emails and text messages." Từ "tackle" có nghĩa là gì?

"A pre-programmed physiological reaction, which evolution has equipped us with to help us avoid famished predators." Cụm từ "famished predators" có nghĩa là gì?

"Social media posting, according to one study, raises your pulse." Từ "pulse" có nghĩa là gì?

"Makes you sweat, and enlarges your pupils more than most daily activities." Từ "pupils" có nghĩa là gì?

"The fact that stress increases the likelihood that we will focus more on alarming messages, together with the fact that it spreads extremely rapidly, can create collective fear." Cụm từ "collective fear" có nghĩa là gì?

"Can create collective fear that is not always justified." Từ "justified" có nghĩa là gì?

"After a stressful public event, such as a natural disaster or major financial crash." Cụm từ "financial crash" có nghĩa là gì?

"But that has the effect of exaggerating existing danger." Từ "exaggerating" có nghĩa là gì?

"The good news, however, is that positive emotions, such as hope, are contagious too." Từ "contagious" có nghĩa là gì?

"Being aware of the close relationship between people's emotional state and how they process information can help us frame our messages more effectively." Từ "frame" có nghĩa là gì?

"And become conscientious agents of change." Từ "conscientious" có nghĩa là gì?