________ – Small-scale farming using simple tools and methods.

________ – Herding domesticated animals for subsistence.

________ – The maximum population size an environment can sustain.

________ – Taming and breeding of plants and animals for human use.

________ – Theory that organisms forage in a way that maximizes energy gain.

________ – Study of human economic behavior in a cross-cultural context.

________ – Debate over whether Western economic theory can be applied to all cultures.

________ – Exchange of goods and services; includes generalized, balanced, and negative reciprocity.

________ – Collection of goods by a central authority and redistribution back to society.

________ – Economic system where goods and services are bought and sold at set prices.

________ – A social unit that provides support, nurtures children, and fulfills societal roles.

________ – Socially recognized union, often involving economic and reproductive obligations.

________ – A family unit consisting of two parents and their children.

________ – Includes relatives beyond the nuclear family.

________ – Marriage within (endogamy) or outside (exogamy) a social group.

________ – Marriage to one person.

Marriage to multiple spouses is called ________.

The term for one man with multiple wives is ________.

The term for one woman with multiple husbands is ________.

When multiple men and women form a family unit, it is called ________.

Social prohibitions against certain sexual behaviors are known as ________.

Social ties based on blood, marriage, or adoption are called ________.

The function of ________ is to organize individuals into groups and roles, manage property, inheritance, etc.

Groups based on common ancestry are called ________.

A descent group claiming a common ancestor but not tracing lineage is called a ________.

A descent group with known genealogical links is called a ________.

Where couples live after marriage (e.g., patrilocal, matrilocal, neolocal) is referred to as ________.

The anthropologist who studied religious movements is ________.

Religion involves belief in supernatural beings; magic involves manipulation of supernatural forces. This is the definition of ________ vs. ________.

The belief that natural objects have spirits is called ________.

The belief in many gods is called ________.

The belief in one god is called ________.

Imitative: like produces like; Contagious: things once connected remain connected. This describes ________ vs. ________ magic.

The belief in magical abilities to harm others is called ________.

The use of spells or rituals to cause harm is called ________.

Traditional stories explaining cultural beliefs or phenomena are called ________.

Religion provides meaning, social cohesion, and moral guidance. These are the ________ of religion.

Rites of Passage are ceremonies marking ________.

Rites of Intensification are rituals to ________.

Rites of Separation are ceremonies marking departure from ________.

Revitalization Movements are attempts to restore ________.

What is Political Anthropology? It is the study of ________ in societies.

Politics and Decision-Making refers to how societies ________.

Bands are ________.

Tribes are larger than bands, often horticultural or pastoral, and led by ________.

Chiefdoms have ________ leadership with inherited positions.

States are complex, centralized governments with ________.

Social Norms are ________ in a society.

Deviance is the ________ of social norms.

Sanctions are ________ to enforce norms.

Informal Social Controls are unwritten rules like ________.

Formal Social Controls are ________ and official punishments.

Means of Dispute Resolution include negotiation, mediation, or ________.

Causes of War include scarce resources, revenge, ________, etc.

"Primitive" vs. Modern War is a comparison of ________ vs. state warfare.

Lawrence Keeley is an archaeologist who argued that ________ warfare was intense.

Sex vs. Gender – Sex is ________; gender is culturally constructed.

Gender Roles – ________ defined behaviors and tasks for men and women.

Division of Labor – Allocation of tasks by ________, age, or skill.

Who studied cultural variation in gender roles?

Evolutionary Ecology / Gender Roles – Evolutionary theories about ________ behaviors.

Culture Change – How & Why – Through innovation, diffusion, ________.

Receptivity to Culture Change – How open a culture is to adopting ________.

Cultural Diffusion – Spread of cultural elements from one ________ to another.

Acculturation – Cultural change resulting from contact between ________.

Globalization – Effects – Increased connections but also ________ loss.

Globalization – Pros and Cons – Pros: economic growth, access to technology; Cons: inequality, ________.

Factors in Rise of Globalization – Technology, trade, ________.

Rate of Technological Change – Speed at which ________ alters societies.

How Much Change Can We Handle? – Cultural resilience vs. ________.

Folk Cultures – Definition – Traditional cultures passed down within ________.

Mexican Ranchero Culture – Characterized by rural traditions, close-knit families, and ________.

Modern Threats to Folk Cultures – Globalization, urbanization, and ________.