In which of the following scenarios is it most appropriate for a teacher to begin to use prompt-fading techniques to support a student’s skill development?

A second-grade student, John, has autism spectrum disorder. John receives special education and related services and has a special education teacher in the classroom to support his learning. During gym class, John struggles with physical activities because of low muscle tone and repetitive rocking behaviors. Which of the following is the most effective approach to help John develop and improve gross motor skills?

After a student is referred by a teacher for an evaluation for special education services, which of the following is the most appropriate next step for the school to take?

Which of the following is the most appropriate way for a kindergarten teacher to ensure that a student with fine motor deficits will be able to work on activities at the literacy center in an inclusion classroom?

The Response to Intervention (RTI) approach primarily affects special education procedures by requiring that students ________.

The best way to address Kelly’s parents’ concerns about her functional skills not progressing at home as well as in the classroom is to:

Ms. Jenkins is teaching a 5-year-old student named Kyle who has autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and little language to use a communication board. Ms. Jenkins has three toys. She shows Kyle one toy at a time and asks him if it is in a picture from a big book. He responds “yes” by touching a yellow happy face and “no” by touching an unhappy face covered with a big red X. Which of the following best describes the purpose of the activity?

A student with EBD is best characterized by which of the following?

The primary purpose of a peer review intervention in a tenth-grade inclusion class is to:

According to IDEA, the most restrictive environment for instruction of a student with a disability who requires multiple nebulizer treatments per day is:

A sixth-grade inclusion teacher is planning a cooperative learning activity for the students during which students will be placed in small groups to complete a project, with each student having a different responsibility. Which of the following is most important for the teacher to do while planning how to guide students’ learning?

Don is a first-grade student with ADHD. His teacher notices that Don has trouble throughout the day transitioning from task to task. He often becomes frustrated because he gets extremely focused on a task or activity he finds interesting and then has to stop to work on something he does not want to complete. Which of the following is the best approach to address Don’s transition issues?

A fifth-grade student with cerebral palsy has average intelligence and intelligible speech but limited mobility and, as a result, struggles greatly with both fine motor and gross motor skills. To best help the student successfully complete written assignments, the teacher should provide a

Which of the following appropriately refers to the coteaching model in which two teachers split the class into two groups and teach the same content simultaneously?

Which THREE of the following activities are important for a special education teacher to complete before conducting a student evaluation?

A student who has an auditory processing disorder is most likely to have which of the following characteristics?

A goal that is common to both a Section 504 plan and an IEP is:

According to IDEA, the best example of a modification for a third-grade student recently classified as having a specific learning disability who needs support in the inclusion classroom is:

The following individual should be present at an IEP meeting for a student whose parents speak only Spanish:

A second-grade teacher administers a twenty-question addition assessment to evaluate students’ abilities in the middle of a math unit on addition with regrouping. This type of assessment is known as:

Kaylee is a recently enrolled fourth-grade student who has an IEP for an intellectual disability. The school does not yet have her previous IEP. She says little in class and answers questions by pointing. The best first step in determining an intervention for Kaylee is:

John is a student with cognitive delays in an inclusion kindergarten. His Present Levels of Academic Achievement and Functional Performance (PLAAFP) indicate that John had low birth weight and as a result may experience minor deficits in thinking, learning, and retention. Which of the following factors most likely contributed to John’s low birth weight?

A student is taking a cumulative examination at the end of the marking period. Which of the following assessments best represents this type of evaluation?

At the end of a lesson on photosynthesis, an inclusion science teacher poses a question for students to answer on an index card. Which of the following terms best describes the tool the teacher is using?

A third-grade student has an auditory processing disorder, which makes following verbal directions in class difficult. Which of the following is the most appropriate strategy for a teacher to use during instruction for students with such auditory processing disorders?

A fifth-grade student with ADHD does well in class assignments in all subject areas, but data show that the student’s performance drops in standardized assessments. The student’s teachers also observe that the student gets nervous and anxious around tests and therefore cannot complete tests on time. Which TWO of the following intervention strategies can the teachers implement to ease the student’s anxiety during tests?

Identifying the median of a distribution of test scores primarily involves determining the ________.

Ian is a 6-year-old English learner in a first-grade inclusion classroom. Informal assessment indicates that Ian struggles with reading comprehension tasks, so the general education teacher confers with the special education teacher to address.

Tom is a second-grade student educated in a general education classroom. He has an orthopedic impairment and a traumatic brain injury, which occurred at birth. Tom received early intervention and now receives special education and related services. The special education teacher has been working with Tom on his communication skills and discusses with the classroom teacher integrating assistive technology into the instructional day. Which of the following would most effectively enhance Tom’s communication skills?

Donny is a kindergarten student who is unwilling to try new things and claims that he is unable to build a tower from blocks or help put on a puppet show. When asked why he is unwilling to participate, Donny shrugs his shoulders and says that he is dumb and does not know how or he whines, saying, “I just can’t do it.” Which of the following best indicates what Donny is demonstrating?

Several students in a middle school inclusion class are impolite, impulsive, and emotionally immature. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to provide behavioral support to the students?

An eighth-grade student who is an English learner understands and speaks conversational English with increasing confidence but is significantly below grade level in reading comprehension and writing skills. Which of the following best indicates that the source of the student’s difficulty is most likely a learning disability and not a language barrier?

Peggy is a seventh grader with cerebral palsy whose twin sister, Ginny, is a typically developing teenager. Ginny’s friends often ask questions about Peggy, and Ginny is sometimes embarrassed by the questions. Which of the following is the best way for Ginny’s parents and teachers to help Ginny respond when asked questions about Peggy?

A screening indicates that a child who is starting kindergarten has low muscle tone and motor delays. Which of the following intervention services is most appropriate for the child?

Ms. Green is a novice special education teacher who teaches in a fifth-grade self-contained classroom for students with specific learning disabilities. One of the students in the class is an English learner who has difficulties with comprehension. At a parent orientation meeting, a translator helped the parents of the student understand Ms. Green’s presentation and ask questions. Which of the following is the best approach to increasing family involvement and supporting the teacher-parent relationship with this family?

Ms. Gray is a general education teacher in a third-grade inclusion classroom. Cameron, a recently enrolled student who receives special education services, gets frustrated and struggles to cooperate when it is time for an activity to end. Which of the following strategies will best ensure Cameron’s successful inclusion in the general education classroom and is most likely to help improve Ms. Gray’s professional practice?

When interpreting comments about a student with SLD making syntax errors in writing, which TWO areas of improvement should the teacher focus on when speaking to the parents?

Implementing which of the following will best help the student improve mathematics skills?

A teacher introduces a lesson on the water cycle to an inclusive classroom of high school students. One of the lesson objectives is for students to label a diagram that illustrates the processes of the water cycle. Which of the following accommodations is most appropriate for a student with progressive muscular dystrophy?

The best support for the teacher to put into place for Layla in the regular education classroom for her to be successful is:

During center time, several kindergartners are using cardboard tubes and blocks to build a series of tunnels to observe how fast marbles move through them. One child decides to dump out the marbles before the tunnels are finished. The other children complain loudly, and the teacher scolds the child who dumped the marbles. The child reacts by crying and refusing to return to the center. Which of the following stages of Erikson’s psychosocial development is best illustrated by the child’s behaviors in the scenario?

In response to Jason’s parents’ concerns, the IEP team is most likely to consider testing Jason for which of the following co-occurring conditions?

Which of the following supplementary supports will best help a student with memory deficits improve executive functioning skills?

Theresa, a fifth-grade student in a general education classroom, was recently diagnosed with dyscalculia. Her teacher notices that Theresa has difficulty with visual-spatial representations of numbers, words related to math, and mental math. Which of the following activities is most appropriate for helping Theresa develop her math skills independently?

A special education teacher and a general education teacher are coteaching a first-grade class composed of students with IEPs and students without IEPs. All special education services are provided within the classroom. Which of the following best describes the most effective way for the teachers to collaborate?

By midyear, a student, Joseph, reaches 95 percent accuracy on all benchmarks related to one of the math goals in his IEP, as measured by a twice-weekly teacher test. The parents reach out to the IEP team to find out next steps. Based on the information, the IEP team is most likely to recommend which of the following?

Several students in a second-grade class are English learners (ELs) who are reading significantly below grade level. Which of the following will best ensure that the ELs understand the responsibilities of an assigned classroom job?

Which of the following students would primarily benefit from using a personal frequency-modulated (FM) system?

Which of the following is the best example of differentiating instruction for a student with a specific learning disability (SLD) in written expression who reads on grade level?

Roger, a twelfth-grade student with a specific learning disability who is performing at grade level, was invited to join his IEP meeting. Which of the following best describes the purpose of Roger’s participation?

Which of the following aspects of the reading process is a teacher most likely to target with specific interventions when a student who can decode text fluently is not able to demonstrate understanding of the decoded text?

Ms. Carr is a first-grade teacher in an inclusion classroom. Over time she notices that she has many students who struggle with decoding, fluency, and sight word vocabulary. Ms. Carr decides to have her students read the same passage at the same time with her to improve their reading skills. Which of the following best describes the reading strategy Ms. Carr is using to improve the students’ reading skills?

Which of the following is the best strategy a teacher could use to support a student with a visual impairment?

According to IDEA, when must a reevaluation occur?

The parents of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) believe that their child belongs in a self-contained classroom setting, whereas the school insists that the student should be placed in a special school. The parents file a written complaint against the school. This action is known as ________

Which of the following best explains why autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is known as a spectrum disorder?

Rhonda is a seventh-grade student with oppositional defiant disorder. Each day, Rhonda fills out a checklist that helps her self-monitor her behavior. Each week, her teachers review and sign the checklist. After each week, Rhonda is rewarded if she completes her checklist and her teachers acknowledge Rhonda’s self-monitoring behaviors as accurate. Which of the following best describes the type of reinforcement Rhonda is receiving?

Which of the following is a learning disability that affects comprehension of math symbols and causes difficulties with memorization, number organization, and counting?

Select TWO metacognitive strategies for reading from the following options.

Mr. Simmons is preparing for an upcoming unit in social studies. The graphic organizer best used before the unit begins to encourage students to think about their learning is:

Michael was recently diagnosed with a mild reading disability. The IEP team determines that the use of a colored overlay and a reading pacer in addition to a research-based online reading program should be implemented to ensure his success. Which of the following placements best illustrates the least restrictive environment (LRE) for Michael?

Carl is a 7-year-old student who is working on his phonemic awareness skills in a general education classroom. Based on data collected during qualitative observation and quantitative assessment, the teacher determines that Carl needs to work on deletion of consonant blends. The teacher will need to plan an intervention if the student fails to pick up on which of the following cues?

A student who has dyslexia also has a moderate speech impediment and a stutter. Since the disabilities have an adverse effect on fluent communication, the student is trained to use an electronic fluency device with text-to-speech capabilities. In which of the following ways is the device most likely to benefit the student during social interactions?

The first step for the librarian to take if an intervention plan is needed for Sasha, a second-grade student with a learning disability who exhibits extremely disruptive behavior in the library, is to:

Kyle uses a wheelchair during transitions at school but uses crutches to navigate around the classroom. Obstacles in the classroom as well as in the school building often prevent Kyle from moving around independently. Which of the following individuals is best to include in the planning process to remove the obstacles?

A middle school student with a specific learning disability in mathematics uses a calculator efficiently in the classroom when solving worksheets. However, the student is unable to use the calculator in a local convenience store when calculating the total cost of items. Which of the following does the student need to work on?

A fourth-grade teacher is working to help a student develop relationships and interpersonal skills outside the classroom. The teacher knows that the right environment can create situations in which the student can build peer relationships. Which of the following is the best way for the teacher to use the environment to support the student in building peer relationships?

Kelly, a student who has autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is part of an inclusion classroom. Kelly is functioning on grade level, but when the interactive whiteboard or the classroom lights are on, she starts stimming. She cries out loudly and does not want to sit in her chair. Which of the following is the most likely cause of Kelly’s agitation?

Toby is an eighth-grade student who is classified with a traumatic brain injury. He has difficulty staying on task when solving multistep algebraic equations without teacher redirection. Which of the following accommodations will best support Toby when he is solving multistep algebraic equations?

A special education teacher uses flash cards to reinforce students’ knowledge of sight words. The teacher acknowledges correct responses with verbal praise and high fives and withholds praise for incorrect responses. Which of the following best describes the teacher’s instructional approach during the activity?

Lamar is educated in a high school special education classroom. He is struggling to learn the steps in how to do laundry. His teacher plans to collect data to determine which steps of the laundry process are most challenging for him. Which form of assessment is best for the teacher to use?

A special education teacher has collected multiple sources of data on a student. Which of the following is the most appropriate reason for collecting such data?

Which of the following is involved in the third principle of UDL?

Charlotte, a second-grade student with motor difficulties, has poor balance and coordination. She tends to use one side of her body more than the other to reach and grab for items that she wants and displays sporadic muscle movements. Which of the following are these symptoms most closely related to?

Based on principles of universal design for learning (UDL), which of the following is the most appropriate strategy for enhancing the reading-comprehension skills of the three students?

Select the THREE characteristics most typically associated with students who have dyslexia.

A special education teacher wants to determine a student’s growth in reading comprehension. Which of the following steps is completed first in the assessment process?

According to IDEA, the most appropriate classification category for a student with cystic fibrosis who qualifies for special education services is:

Young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) come to school needing varying degrees of intervention. The most important type of skills for teachers to focus on during children’s early years, particularly for ASD students, are:

A middle school teacher is administering a norm-referenced achievement test in a district where many students speak a language other than English. Which of the following is an appropriate statement about this type of assessment?

A tenth-grade student has absence seizures that cannot be controlled, even with medication. The seizures typically last less than 30 seconds. During a seizure, the student stares blankly. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for the teacher to take when the student experiences seizures in the classroom?

A functional behavioral assessment is conducted to best support which of the following?

A common accommodation when working with a high school student who has ADHD is:

A middle school student with a mild intellectual disability has difficulty transitioning between tasks and relies on teacher redirection. Which of the following strategies is most likely to help the student act independently during transitions?

Which of the following is an appropriate strategy for helping Allison, a ninth-grade student with a learning disability, become more aware of her behaviors during challenging tasks in a general education classroom?

Which of the following will most likely help Jason, a first-grade student who recently moved from a Spanish-speaking country and avoids reading tasks, to retain interest in reading before a screening for learning disabilities is conducted?

Vincent is a transfer student in fifth grade diagnosed with a specific learning disability in reading. He is in a general education classroom and receives special education services to meet his individual needs. Vincent struggles to keep up with class reading assignments and projects. Recent reading assessments indicate that his main areas of weakness are decoding and comprehension. His special education teacher would like to recommend some modifications to the curriculum. Which of the following is an appropriate modification that will help support Vincent’s needs in the classroom?

The first step that a behavioral intervention consultant is most likely to recommend to address Maria’s disruptive behaviors in the classroom is:

Based on Abby's struggles with reading, recalling information, decoding unfamiliar words, and recognizing math symbols, which TWO learning disabilities does she most likely exhibit?

Which of the following IEP transition goals best supports Roy's desire to get a job and share an apartment within four years of graduating from high school?

Which of the following best indicates the primary purpose for incorporating the four blocks of literacy instruction, which are guided reading, self-directed reading, writing, and working with words, into daily instruction for students with cognitive disabilities?

Which of the following is considered atypical behavior for a kindergarten student?

Which of the following types of meetings is held to determine whether a student’s misconduct has been caused by or has a direct and substantial relationship to the student’s disability?

Emma is a 7-year-old student with a developmental disability in a first-grade, general education inclusion classroom. At Emma’s annual IEP meeting, her parents inquire about strategies and resources they can use to help Emma understand her home environment and learn how to use items properly. Which of the following is the best example of embedded instruction for the special education teacher to recommend?

George is a third-grade student who wears a hearing aid and receives special education services for a mild intellectual disability. Data based on teacher observations over several consecutive weeks were collected, and the data indicate that George is often fatigued after gym and lunch. As a result, George quickly becomes frustrated by writing tasks after lunch and avoids them using delaying tactics. Which of the following is the most effective intervention that George’s teachers could employ to help George make progress on the productive writing goals in his IEP?

Select TWO testing accommodations that are most appropriate for a middle school student functioning at grade level who has dysgraphia and an orthopedic impairment in the hands and arms.

Following an oral reading fluency (ORF) assessment, a teacher is most likely to analyze which of the following results first in order to determine an immediate teaching point?

A high school student’s Individualized Transition Plan is mandated to include which of the following?

A high school special education teacher is planning a community-based event that will create opportunities for the students with ASD to volunteer while applying skills they are learning in the classroom. The teacher considers the needs of students with sensory and physical impairments when developing the volunteer tasks. Which of the following is most likely to help the students’ families gain a deeper understanding of their children’s sensory needs?