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WorksheetsHeart and Circulatory System Quiz
Total questions: 91
Worksheet time: 46mins
What is the inner layer of the heart called?
Myocardium
Epicardium
Endocardium
Pericardium
Which layer of the heart is responsible for contraction?
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
Pericardium
What is the outermost layer of the heart?
Myocardium
Pericardium
Endocardium
Epicardium
Which of the following lists the four valves of the heart?
Aortic, Pulmonary, Bicuspid, Left AV
Tricuspid, Mitral, Pulmonary, Aortic
Tricuspid, Bicuspid, Left AV, Right AV
Left AV, Right AV, Pulmonary, Aortic
What is the main function of the heart valves?
Increase oxygen levels in blood
Maintain heart rate
Prevent blood clots
Keep blood flowing in one direction
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart?
Right atrium → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Aorta
Right atrium → Tricuspid valve → Right ventricle → Pulmonary valve → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary veins → Left atrium → Mitral valve → Left ventricle
Left atrium → Mitral valve → Right atrium → Aorta
Right atrium → Aorta → Lungs → Pulmonary artery
What is the correct sequence of cardiac conduction?
AV node → Bundle of His → SA node → Purkinje fibers
SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers
Bundle of His → SA node → Purkinje fibers → AV node
AV node → SA node → Purkinje fibers → Bundle of His
Which structure is considered the heart’s natural pacemaker?
AV node
Purkinje fibers
Bundle of His
Sinoatrial node
What is the backup pacemaker of the heart?
AV node
SA node
Aorta
Right ventricle
What is the role of the Bundle of His?
Pumps blood to lungs
Detects BP changes
Coordinates the heartbeat and pumping action
Prevents valve backflow
What is the primary function of the Purkinje fibers?
Stimulate atrial contraction
Open heart valves
Transmit electrical impulses rapidly to ventricles
Control breathing rate
What is cardiac output?
Amount of blood in the lungs
Blood pumped per heartbeat
Amount of blood pumped in one minute
Total body blood volume
What does stroke volume measure?
Amount of blood in arteries
Blood pumped per minute
Volume of blood ejected from the right atrium
Amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
Transport nutrients
Circulate hormones
Immune response and pathogen filtration
Regulate temperature
What is the function of arteries?
Carry blood to the lungs
Carry blood away from the heart
Connect veins to the lungs
Return blood to the heart
What unique feature do veins have?
Thick muscle layers
High pressure
Carry oxygenated blood
Contain valves to prevent backflow
Which blood vessels are the smallest and most numerous?
Arteries
Capillaries
Arterioles
Veins
What occurs when baroreceptors respond to high blood pressure?
Increase heart rate and vasoconstriction
Decrease HR and cause vasodilation
Close heart valves
Stimulate adrenal hormones
What is the universal blood recipient type?
AB-
AB+
O+
O-
Which blood type is the universal donor?
AB+
A+
O-
B-
What is blood plasma primarily composed of?
Glucose and fat
Water, proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, gases
White blood cells
Clotting factors only
Which of the following are major proteins found in blood plasma?
Albumin, Insulin, Globulin
Fibrinogen, Albumin, Creatinine
Albumin, Fibrinogen, Prothrombin, Globulin
Myosin, Hemoglobin, Globulin
What does leukopenia indicate?
High platelet count
Low red blood cells
Low white blood cells
High hematocrit
What does an elevated WBC count suggest?
Dehydration
Iron deficiency
Infection
Anemia
Which vital sign is a key indicator of infection?
Heart rate
Oxygen saturation
Temperature
Blood pressure
Which white blood cell type is first to respond to bacterial infections?
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils are typically elevated during what condition?
Viral infections
Allergic reactions
Fungal infections
Cancer
Which WBCs are involved in allergic and inflammatory reactions?
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Which of the following is a sign of anemia?
High hemoglobin
Low platelets
Low RBCs, hematocrit, and hemoglobin
Elevated WBCs
What may occur with low platelet counts?
Muscle weakness
Risk for bleeding
High cholesterol
Dehydration
What does an elevated Creatinine Kinase Myocardial Band (CK-MB) level indicate?
Stroke
Heart valve disease
Myocardial infarction
Congestive heart failure
An elevated myoglobin level suggests what condition?
Muscle growth
Heart muscle damage
Pulmonary embolism
Blood clot
Which lab finding is a strong indicator of myocardial infarction?
Low calcium
Elevated troponin level
High WBC
Decreased hemoglobin
Which lab value, when elevated, is a key sign of myocardial infarction?
Hematocrit
Myoglobin
Troponin
CK-MB
What do elevated Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) levels indicate?
Stroke risk
Heart is struggling to pump adequately
Risk of infection
Dehydration
What does an elevation in serum lipid levels signify?
High blood sugar
Increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD)
Low red blood cell count
Elevated platelet count
What can an electrolyte imbalance indicate?
Muscle growth
Increased WBCs
Cardiac arrhythmias/dysrhythmias
Hypoxia
Electrolyte imbalances can directly affect what part of cardiac function?
Blood pressure regulation
Cardiac conduction
Oxygen saturation
Respiratory rate
What is the purpose of a cardiac angiogram?
Treat congestive heart failure
Identify cardiac infections
Identify blockages or narrowing of coronary arteries
Monitor oxygen levels
Which of the following is a correct pre-operative instruction for a cardiac angiogram?
Take iron supplements
Eat a light breakfast
Confirm no allergy to shellfish or iodine
Drink fluids before test
What is a post-op instruction for a cardiac angiogram?
Encourage immediate ambulation
Patient can flex hip after 2 hours
Lay flat for several hours
Apply cold packs
What is angina?
Fever and chills
Tight chest pain from lack of oxygen to the heart
Irregular heartbeat
High blood pressure
What is a characteristic of stable angina?
Occurs at rest
Not relieved by nitroglycerin
Lasts over 30 minutes
Triggered by stress, relieved by nitroglycerin
What distinguishes unstable angina?
Relieved by rest
Triggered by physical activity only
Occurs at rest and lasts longer than 30 minutes
Associated with fever
Which of the following are symptoms of a myocardial infarction (MI)?
Fever, dry mouth, constipation
Sharp chest pain, jaw pain, elevated HR, low BP
Rash, itching, nausea
High BP, bradycardia, fatigue
What does STEMI stand for in cardiology?
Partial blockage of an artery
Stroke with minor infarction
Complete blockage of a coronary artery
Sinus tachycardia episode
What is the difference in NON-STEMI compared to STEMI?
Caused by infection
Complete blockage
Incomplete blockage of a coronary artery
Results in stroke
Which of the following medications may be ordered for an MI patient?
Antibiotics
Morphine, vasodilators, thrombolytics (alteplase)
Antihistamines
Laxatives
What is a key order for a patient post-MI after 24 hours?
Complete bed rest
High sodium diet
Encourage gradual return to activity
Immediate exercise
What is arteriosclerosis?
Sudden blood vessel rupture
Flexible arteries
Hardening and reduced flexibility of arteries
Narrowing of veins
What is claudication?
Rapid breathing
Muscle cramping due to decreased blood flow, relieved by rest
Chest pain
High pulse pressure
Which of the following are recommended lifestyle changes to prevent hypertension?
Increase sodium and sugar
Avoid exercise
Avoid nicotine and reduce salt/cholesterol
Drink alcohol daily
What is the most common cause of heart block?
Diabetes
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Anemia
Obesity
If heart block becomes severe, what treatment might be necessary?
Antivirals
Heart transplant
Pacemaker
Chemotherapy
Which of the following is a common symptom of heart failure?
Cough with mucus
Fluid retention, SOB, fatigue, hypoxemia
Red rash
Constipation
What describes Grade 1 edema?
Deep pitting with no rebound
Slight pitting that rebounds immediately
Pitting lasting over 60 seconds
No visible swelling
What is a feature of Grade 2 edema?
Rebounds in more than a minute
Pitting rebounds in less than 15 seconds
Severe pitting with swelling
Skin breakdown
What defines Grade 3 edema?
No visible swelling
Rebounds in under 5 seconds
Severe pitting, rebounds in 15–60 seconds
Mild swelling only
What defines Grade 4 edema?
Pitting with no rebound
Slight swelling
Very severe pitting, rebounds in over 60 seconds
Rebounds immediately
What should a nurse assess before administering digoxin (Lanoxin)?
Pupillary reflex and BP
Weight and lung sounds
Blood sugar and temperature
BP and apical pulse
What must be monitored daily for a patient taking furosemide (Lasix)?
Blood pressure
Glucose levels
Daily weights
Heart sounds
What is part of treatment and care for heart failure?
Low fluid intake and high sodium
Oxygen therapy, fowler’s position, fluid I&O, cardiac diet
Total bed rest
High carbohydrate diet
What does bacterial endocarditis cause?
Lung inflammation
Valve damage in the heart
Muscle cramps
Seizures
What is atrial fibrillation?
A condition with low heart rate
A blockage in coronary arteries
Irregular heartbeat due to faulty atrial signals
Blood clotting disorder
What is the treatment for atrial fibrillation?
Bronchodilators
AED (Automated External Defibrillator)
Insulin
Diuretics
What is ventricular tachycardia?
Fast heart rhythm from upper chambers
Slow heart rhythm
Fast rhythm from lower chambers of the heart
Absent heart rhythm
What is a hypertensive crisis?
Drop in blood pressure
Gradual rise in BP
Sudden severe rise in blood pressure
Fainting episode
What is a symptom of hypertensive crisis?
Mild headache and dizziness
High fever
Sudden severe headache, chest pain, blurry vision
Bruising
What is the treatment for a hypertensive crisis?
Fluids and bedrest
Vasodilators, NTG, monitor BP, encourage rest
Exercise and caffeine
Laxatives
Which of the following are symptoms of leukemia?
Cold intolerance, rashes
Fever, fatigue, joint pain, night sweats
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
What nursing care is important for a patient with leukemia?
Increase iron intake
Infection and bleeding precautions, avoid invasive procedures
Promote sports activities
Encourage aspirin use
What is hemophilia?
Condition where red blood cells are deformed
Inherited disorder with missing clotting factors, causing bleeding risk
White blood cell overproduction
Disease of the kidneys
What is a sign of internal bleeding?
Rapid weak pulse, abdominal pain, hypotension
High fever
Rash
Excessive hunger
What nursing care should be provided for hemophilia?
Encourage contact sports
Avoid NSAIDs and anticoagulants
Daily injections
Encourage rough play
What is agranulocytosis?
Overproduction of red blood cells
Decrease in ANC that increases infection risk
Bleeding disorder
Clotting condition
What causes hypotonic shock?
Low sodium
Brain injury
Extreme fluid or blood loss
Infection
Which is a symptom of iron deficiency anemia?
Hypertension
Fatigue, dizziness, tachycardia, pallor
Rash
Nausea
What should you do when taking iron supplements?
Avoid fluids
Consume low fiber foods
Eat high fiber diet to avoid constipation
Avoid vitamin C
What are signs of sickle cell anemia?
Constipation, fever, high BP
Acute pain, jaundice, dark urine, fever
Blurry vision
Slow heart rate
What is an embolism?
Narrowed artery
Bleeding in the brain
Clot that travels and blocks blood flow
Infection in the lung
What is deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
Swelling in the arteries
Blood clot in a superficial vein
Blood clot in a deep vein
Infection of the foot
What is a pulmonary embolism?
Stroke in the brain
Kidney stone
DVT clot traveling to lungs and blocking blood flow
Airway infection
What are the 5 P’s used to assess for peripheral vascular disease?
Pain, pressure, perspiration, pulse, paresthesia
Pain, pallor, pulse, paresthesia, paralysis
Pressure, paleness, perspiration, pulse, posture
Pallor, pressure, pain, pupil, pulse
What is hemiplegia?
Total blindness
Weakness/paralysis on one side of the body
Loss of sensation
Muscle cramps
What is appropriate nursing care for a patient with hemiplegia?
Apply ice packs
Encourage running
Fall precautions and ADL assistance
Avoid movement altogether
What is hemianopsia?
Inability to hear
Memory loss
Partial blindness in visual field
Loss of smell
What nursing action helps patients with hemianopsia?
Have them close one eye
Encourage them to keep eyes closed
Teach them to turn head side to side to scan environment
Avoid visual stimulation
What is dysphagia?
Difficulty breathing
Difficulty swallowing
Slurred speech
Chest pain
What is dysphasia?
Complete speech loss
Difficulty swallowing
Partial loss of speech ability
Hearing loss
What is aphasia?
Visual disturbance
Complete loss of speaking ability
Seizure disorder
Low BP
What acronym helps identify signs of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?
STOP
FAST (Face, Arm, Speech, Time)
SAFE
BEAT
