Wayground logo

Free Printable Worksheets

Font size

S
M
L
XL
Worksheets

vSphere Cluster Management (part 2)

Total questions: 62

Worksheet time: 36mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which three features are only available when using vSphere Distributed Switches instead of

vSphere Standard Switches? (Choose three.)

a)

802.1Q tagging

b)

Port mirroring

c)

Netflow

d)

Configuration backup and restore

e)

IPv4 support

2.

An administrator is configuring vSphere Lifecycle Manager to install patches to a vSphere cluster.

The cluster runs workload virtual machines (VMs) that are incompatible with vSphere vMotion, and

therefore cannot be live migrated between hosts during the installation of the patches.

Which configuration in vSphere Lifecycle Manager will allow the administrator to reduce the

downtime associated with the patching operation without migrating the VMs?

a)

Enable Distributed Power Management (DPM) and set the VM power state to the

suspend to disk option

b)

Enable Quick Boot ana set the VM power stale to the suspend to disk option

c)

Enable vSphere High Availability (HA) admission control and set the VM power stale to

the suspend to memory option

d)

Enable Quick Boot and set the VM power state to the suspend to memory option

3.

An administrator creates a new corporate virtual machine (VM) template every month to include all

of the latest patches. The administrator needs to ensure that the new VM template is synchronized

from the primary data center site (London) to two secondary data center sites (Tokyo and New

York). The administrator is aware that datastore space is limited within the secondary data center

sites. The administrator needs to ensure that the VM template is available in the secondary sites the first time a new virtual machine is requested.

Which four steps should the administrator take to meet these requirements? (Choose four.)

a)

Create a new published content library at the primary site.

b)

Create a new subscribed content library in each secondary site.

c)

Configure the subscribed content library to download content when needed.

d)

Configure each subscribed content library to download content immediately

e)

Add the virtual machine template to the published content library.

4.

An administrator is tasked with migrating a single virtual machine (VM) from an existing VMware

vCenter to a secure environment where corporate security policy requires that all VMs be

encrypted. The secure environment consists of a dedicated vCenter instance with a 4-node

vSphere cluster and already contains a number of encrypted VMs.

Which two steps must the administrator take to ensure the migration is a success? (Choose two.)

a)

Ensure that the source and destination vCenter instances share the same Key

Management Server (KMS).

b)

Ensure that Encrypted vMotion is turned off for the VM.

c)

Ensure that the VM is encrypted attempting the migration before.

d)

Ensure that the source and destination vCenter Servers have a different Key

Management Server (KMS).

5.

An administrator is tasked with providing users access to objects within an existing VMware

vCenter instance. The vCenter inventory has a single data center with one management vSphere

cluster and five workload vSphere clusters.

The following requirements must be met for assigning the users access:

Users must only be able to view all of the inventory objects associated with the management vSphere cluster.

Users must be able to edit all of the inventory objects associated with the workload vSphere

clusters.

The administrator creates a custom role to provide the permissions needed to allow users to edit

inventory objects.

Which series of steps should the administrator complete to assign the custom role and provide the

required level of access to users?

a)

Apply Global permissions to assign the Read Only role to the root vCenter object.

Apply vCenter permissions to assign the custom role to the workload vSphere clusters and

enable propagation.

b)

Apply Global permissions to assign the Read Only role to the root vCenter object and

enable propagation.

Apply vCenter permissions to assign the custom role to the workload vSphere clusters and

enable propagation.

c)

Apply Global permissions to assign the Read Only role to the root vCenter object and

enable propagation.

Apply vCenter permissions to assign the custom role to the workload vSphere clusters and

enable propagation.

d)

Apply Global permissions to assign the Read Only role to the root vCenter object and

enable propagation.

Apply vCenter permissions to assign the custom role to the workload vSphere clusters.

6.

An administrator has a requirement to revert a running virtual machine to a previous snapshot after

a failed attempt to upgrade an application. When the administrator originally took the snapshot,

the following choices in the Take Snapshot dialog were made:

Snapshot the virtual machine’s memory = false

Quiesce guest file system = false

What will be the result of the administrator selecting the “Revert to Latest Snapshot” option to

return the virtual machine to a previous snapshot?

a)

The virtual machine will be restored to the parent snapshot in a powered on state.

b)

The virtual machine will be restored to the parent snapshot in a powered off state.

c)

The virtual machine will be restored to the child snapshot in a powered off state.

d)

The virtual machine will be restored to the child snapshot in a powered on state.

7.
a)

vSphere Update Manager

b)

VMware Aria Suite Lifecycle

c)

vCenter Server Update Planner

d)

vSphere Lifecycle Manager

8.

An administrator decides to restore VMware vCenter from a file-based backup following a failed

upgrade.

Which interface should the administrator use to complete the restore?

a)

Direct Console User Interface (DCUI)

b)

vCenter Management Interface (VAMI)

c)

vSphere Client

d)

vCenter GUI Installer

9.

n administrator needs to provide encryption for workloads within an existing vSphere cluster.

The following requirements must be met:

a)

Encrypted vSphere vMotion

b)

Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) Secure Boot

c)

Host Encryption

d)

VM Encryption

10.

After a number of outages within a production VMware software-defined data center, an

administrator is tasked with identifying a solution to meet the following requirements:

Reduce the risk of outages by proactively identifying issues with the environment and resolving

them.

Reduce the complexity of uploading log bundles when raising support tickets.

Which solution should the administrator recommend to meet these requirements?

a)

VMware Aria Operations for Logs

b)

VMware Skyline Advisor Pro

c)

VMware Skyline Health

d)

VMware Aria Operations

11.

An administrator is responsible for performing maintenance tasks on a vSphere cluster.

The cluster has the following configuration:

Identically configured vSphere ESXi hosts (esx01, esx02, esx03 and esx04)

All workloads are deployed into a single VMFS datastore provided by the external storage array

vSphere High Availability (HA) has not been enabled

vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS) has not been enabled

Currently, a critical production application workload (VM1) is running on esx01.

Given this scenario, which two actions are required to ensure VM1 continues to run when esx01 is

placed into maintenance mode? (Choose two.)

a)

Fully automated DRS must be enabled on the cluster so that VM1 will be automatically

migrated to another host within the cluster when esx01 is placed into maintenance mode.

b)

VM1 must be manually shut down and cold migrated to another host within the cluster

using vSphere vMotion before esx01 is placed into maintenance mode

c)

vSphere HA must be enabled on the cluster so that VM1 will be automatically migrated

to another host within the cluster when esx01 is placed into maintenance mode.

d)

VM1 must be manually live migrated to another host within the cluster using vSphere

vMotion before esx01 is placed into maintenance mode.

e)

VM1 must be manually migrated to another host within the cluster using vSphere

Storage vMotion before esx01 is placed into maintenance mode.

12.

An administrator needs better performance and near-zero CPU utilization from the ESXi hosts for networking functions and processing. The administrator creates a new vSphere Distributed Switch and enables network offloads compatibility.

Which solution would help achieve this goal?

a)

vSphere Distributed Services Engine

b)

Data Processing Units (DPUs)

c)

vSphere Network I/O Control

d)

Universal Passthrough version 2

13.

An administrator needs to perform maintenance on a datastore that is running the vSphere Cluster Services (vCLS) virtual machines (VMs).

Which feature can the administrator use in this scenario to avoid the use of Storage vMotion on the vCLS VMs?

a)

vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS)

b)

vSphere vMotion

c)

vSphere Fault Tolerance

d)

vCLS Retreat Mode

14.

What is the role of vSphere Distributed Services Engine?

a)

Provide a live shadow instance of a virtual machine (VM) that mirrors the primary VM to

prevent data loss and downtime during outages

b)

Implement Quality of Service (QoS) on network traffic within a vSphere Distributed

Switch

c)

Provide hardware accelerated data processing to boost infrastructure performance

d)

Redistribute virtual machines across vSphere cluster hosts to comply with user-defined

affinity and anti-affinity rules following host failures or during maintenance operations

15.
a)

A preferential rule between the DB group and the PROD11 group

b)

A preferential rule between the DB group and the PROD55 group

c)

A required rule between the DB group and the PROD11 group

d)

A required rule between the DB group and the PROD55 group

16.
a)

Forged transmits set to reject

b)

MAC address changes set to accept

c)

Promiscuous mode set to reject

d)

Promiscuous mode set to accept

17.
a)

Configure SSO to use Active Directory over LDAP as the identity source.

b)

Configure SSO to use OpenLDAP as the identity source.

c)

Join the vCenter Server Appliance to the LDAP domain.

d)

Configure SSO to use Active Directory (Integrated Windows Authentication) as the

identity source.

18.

An administrator notices a performance issue in VMware vCenter. To try and understand more

about the performance issue, the administrator needs to gather more information about the

vCenter database to eliminate a potential disk space issue.

Which two tools can the administrator use? (Choose two.)

a)

vCenter Management Interface (VAMI)

b)

Perfmon

c)

df

d)

esxtop

e)

vSphere Client

19.

An administrator notices a Fibre Channel adapter in an ESXi host has been experiencing

inconsistent connectivity states.

Which trigger can be used to quickly identify the issue and alert the administrator so that the issue can be resolved?

a)

Host Connection Lost

b)

Lost Network Path Redundancy

c)

Lost Network Connectivity

d)

Lost Storage Connectivity

20.
a)

Configure VMware Cloud Disaster Recovery (VCDR) and combine it with array-based

stor-age replication.

b)

Configure VMware a Site Recovery Manager and combine it with vSphere Replication.

c)

Configure a subscribed content library on the secondary site.

d)

Configure VMware Site Recovery Manager and combine it with array-based storage

replication.

21.

An administrator needs to update a VMware vCenter instance to a newer minor release version.

Due to restrictions within the environment, the vCenter instance does not have access to the

Internet. As a first step, the administrator downloads the required update on another machine.

What are the next steps the administrator must perform to complete the update?

a)

Place the update ISO file in a Virtual Machine File System (VMFS) datastore.

Use the vSphere Client to select the update ISO file as the source for the update.

b)

Mount the ISO update file to the CD-ROM drive of the vCenter instance.

Use the vCenter Management Interface to select the CD-ROM as the source for the update.

c)

Place the ISO update file in a folder accessible to the vCenter instance over HTTPS.

Use the vCenter Management Interface to select the update file as the source for the

update.

d)

Place the ZIP update file in a folder accessible to the vCenter instance over HTTPS.

Use the vSphere Client to select the update file as the source for the update.

22.
a)

Add the user to the VM_Users group and leave the permissions on the virtual machine

object unchanged.

b)

Add a new permission on the virtual machine object selecting the user and the new

custom role.

c)

Edit the Read Only role to add the Virtual Machine Snapshot Management privileges.

d)

Create a new custom role with the Virtual Machine Snapshot Management privileges.

e)

Add a new permission on the virtual machine object selecting the VM_Viewers group and

the new custom role.

23.
a)

Configure vSphere Lifecycle Manager with an image for the cluster.

b)

Register the vendor hardware management system as a vCenter Server extension.

c)

Download the firmware updates from the VMware website.

d)

Download the firmware updates from the vendor website.

e)

Run a hardware compatibility check using vSphere Lifecycle Manager.

24.
a)

External Switch Tagging (EST)

b)

None

c)

Virtual Guest Tagging (VGT)

d)

Virtual Switch Tagging (VST)

25.

An administrator wants to use tag-based placement rules on their virtual machine disks using

VMware vCenter.

Which option would allow the administrator to achieve this?

a)

Storage Policy Based Management

b)

Storage I/O Control

c)

vSphere Storage APIs for Storage Awareness (VASA)

d)

vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS)

26.

A combination of which two components of the software-defined data center (SDDC) are

responsible for the initial abstraction of CPU, memory, disk, and network resources and their

subsequent management? (Choose two.)

a)

VMware Aria Operations

b)

VMware Aria Suite Lifecycle

c)

VMware vCenter

d)

VMware ESXi

e)

VMware vCenter Cloud Gateway

27.

What are two use cases for VMware vSphere+? (Choose two.)

a)

Enhance on-premises workloads by managing them through the VMware Cloud Console.

b)

Allow live migration between on-premises and VMware Cloud.

c)

Increase the performance of the native vCenter vMotion capability

d)

Allow the creation of affinity and anti-affinity rules to be used during failover events.

e)

Simplify vCenter lifecycle management through cloud-enabled automation.

28.

An administrator is completing the configuration of a new vSphere cluster and has enabled

vSphere High Availability (HA) and vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS).

After adding the ESXi hosts to the cluster, which networking information will the administrator be prompted to provide when using the Cluster Quickstart workflow?

a)

vMotion networking

b)

Management networking

c)

vSAN networking

d)

Virtual machine networking

29.

An administrator plans to bring VMware vCenter offline in order to perform hardware maintenance on the host where the vCenter Server Appliance is running.

Which vSphere feature must be configured to ensure that vCenter users experience minimal

downtime?

a)

vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler

b)

Hybrid Linked Mode

c)

vCenter Server High Availability

d)

Enhanced Linked Mode

30.

Which two tasks can be completed using vSphere LifeCycle Manager? (Choose two.)

a)

Manage the firmware lifecycle of ESXi hosts that are part of a managed cluster with a

single image.

b)

Check that the ESXi hosts are compliant with the recommended baseline and update the

hosts.

c)

Upgrade VMware vCenter from version 7 to 8

d)

Check the hardware compatibility of the hosts in a cluster against the VMware

Compatibility Guide (VCG) using baselines.

e)

Manage the firmware lifecycle of ESXi hosts are part of a managed cluster using

baselines.

31.

An administrator is tasked with implementing a backup solution capable of backing up the

Supervisor cluster, vSphere Pods, and persistent volumes.

Which two solutions must be used to meet this requirement? (Choose two.)

a)

VMware vCenter

b)

Standalone Velero and Restic

c)

NSX-T Manager

d)

vSphere Host Client

e)

Velero Plugin for vSphere

32.

An administrator receives reports from the application team of poor performance of a virtual

machine (VM). The administrator reviews the virtual machine and discovers that it has 20

snapshots that are over 12 months old.

What could the administrator do to improve the VM’s performance?

a)

Inflate the base disk to make space for future snapshots.

b)

Revert to the latest snapshot.

c)

Consolidate all of the snapshots into the base VM.

d)

Identify and delete the largest delta .vmdk file.

33.

A vSphere cluster hosts a three-tier application. The cluster has 50% resources available. If a host in the cluster fails, the database server must be online before the application server, and the application server must be online before the Web server.

Which feature can be used to meet these requirements?

a)

Predictive DRS

b)

vSphere HA Orchestrated Restart

c)

vSphere HA Restart Priority

d)

Proactive HA

34.

What is the minimum network throughput in Gb/s for vSAN using the Express Storage Architecture (ESA)?

a)

50

b)

25

c)

1

d)

10

35.

Which step is completed during Stage 1 of the vCenter Server Appliance deployment?

a)

Join a vCenter Single Sign-On domain

b)

Create a new vCenter Single Sign-On domain

c)

Select the deployment size

d)

Configure SSH access

36.
a)

Create a new vSphere cluster with Enhanced vMotion Compatibility (EVC) enabled and

move all hosts into the new cluster.

b)

Create a new vSphere cluster and move only three hosts into the new cluster.

c)

Configure Enhanced vMotion Compatibility (EVC) mode on the existing cluster and add

the two new hosts into the cluster.

d)

Create a new vSphere cluster with vSphere High Availability (HA) enabled and move all

hosts into the new cluster.

37.

An administrator is investigating user logon failures for a VMware vCenter instance.

Where can the administrator find log files containing information related to user login activities?

a)

On the vCenter Management Interface

b)

On the ESXi host using the Direct Console User Interface

c)

On the vCenter Server Appliance

d)

In the vSphere Client when viewing the vCenter virtual machine

38.

What are two uses cases for VMware Tools? (Choose two.)

a)

Time synchronization with an NTP server

b)

Direct deployment of the Aria Automation Config minion

c)

Share folders between ESXi hosts and guest OS file systems

d)

Ability to shut down a virtual machine remotely

e)

Support for unsupported network device drivers

39.

An administrator has configured Storage I/O Control (SIOC) on a Virtual Machine File System

(VMFS) datastore.

• The datastore supports 30,000 IOPS

• Storage I/O Control has been set to manual

• Storage I/O Control is triggered when latency hits 30 ms

• The datastore contains 3 virtual machines (VMs)

1. A gold tier VM

2. A silver tier VM

3. A bronze tier VM

Assuming the datastore latency does not exceed 29ms, what is the maximum number of IOPS the

bronze tier VM is entitled to?

a)

30,000

b)

20,000

c)

10,000

d)

5,000

40.

An administrator needs to configure a content library solution based on the following information:

• A new corporate virtual machine (VM) template is created every month to include all of the latest

patches.

• The new VM template should be downloaded from the primary data center site (London) to two

secondary data center sites (Tokyo and New York) as soon as possible.

• There is limited disk space available at one of the secondary data center sites (Tokyo) due to an

ongoing data center consolidation project.

Which four steps should the administrator take to configure the content library solution before

adding a VM template? (Choose four.)

a)

Create a new published content library in each secondary site

b)

Configure the New York subscribed content library to download content immediately.

c)

Configure the Tokyo subscribed content library to download content when needed.

d)

Create a new published content library at the primary site.

e)

Create a new subscribed content library in each secondary site.

41.

An administrator is required to configure several Microsoft Windows virtual machines (VMs) to

support Secure Boot for a critical secure application.

The following information is provided:

• The corporate security policy states that all forms of data encryption must utilize a key provider.

• The firmware of each VM is currently set to use Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI).

• Due to the nature of the application running within the VMs, the guest operating system for each

VM is currently a minimum of Windows Server 2008 and Windows 7.

Which security feature should the administrator implement to meet these requirements?

a)

vSphere Virtual Machine Encryption

b)

vSphere Visualization-Based Security

c)

Virtual Intel Software Guard Extensions (vSGX)

d)

Virtual Trusted Platform Module (vTPM)

42.
a)

Create a DNS CNAME record for the vCenter Server (vcsa01.corp.local).

b)

Create a DNS CNAME record for the ESXi Host server (esx01.corp.local).

c)

Create a reverse DNS A record for the vCenter Server (vcsa01).

d)

Create a reverse DNS A record for the ESXi Host server (esx01)

e)

Create a forward DNS A record for the vCenter Server (vcsa01).

43.

An administrator manages VM templates and ISO images for a remote office. Their main

requirements are to store these templates in a single repository and manage different versions of the templates.

What solution should the administrator deploy to meet these requirements?

a)

A vSAN datatore

b)

A shared VMFS datastore

c)

A local content library

d)

A subscribed content library

44.

An administrator needs to create affinity rules for the following vSphere cluster setup:

• The cluster contains two virtual machines (VMs) named app01 and app02.

• The cluster contains six hosts named esx11 through esx16.

• The app01 and app02 VMs run software that is licensed to run only on esx11, esx12, or esx13.

• vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS) is configured.

Which set of steps must the administrator perform to ensure that the licensing requirements are

met for app01 and app02?

a)

1. Add all the hosts to a host group.

2. Create a VM-VM anti-affinity rule for app01 and app02.

b)

1. Add the esx11 – esx13 hosts to a host group.

2. Create a VM-VM affinity rule for app01 and app02.

c)

1. Add the VMs to a VM group and the esx11 – esx13 hosts to a host group.

2. Create a VM-Host required rule between the VM group and the host group.

d)

1. Add the VMs to a VM group and the esx11 – esx13 hosts to a host group.

2. Create a VM-Host preferential rule between the VM group and the host group.

45.
a)

1. Verify that Linux-01 is in a content library.

2. Clone Linux-01

3. Convert the clone to a VM.

4. Install the software patch.

b)

1. Convert Linux-01 to a VM

2. Install the software patch.

3. Convert the VM back to a VM template.

4. Add Linux-01 to the content library.

c)

1. Verify that Linux-01 is in a content library.

2. Check out Linux-01.

3. Install the software patch.

4. Check in Linux-01.

d)

1. Clone Linux-01.

2. Convert the clone to a VM.

3. Install the software patch.

4. Convert the VM back to a template.

46.
a)

Set the value of the VMware ESXi Management Network VLAN ID to 10.

b)

Configure at least two network adapters for the VMware ESXi Management Network.

c)

Update the VMware ESXi Management Network IPv4 configuration to use a static IPv4

address.

d)

Create a DNS A Record for the VMware ESXi host on the corporate DNS servers.

e)

Disable IPv6 for the VMware ESXi Management Network.

47.

Refer to the exhibit.

a)

Delete App-LibTemplate (2)

b)

Revert to App-LibTemplate (2)

c)

Delete App-LibTemplate (3)

d)

Check out App-LibTemplate (3)

48.

Refer to the exhibit.

a)

Add a minimum of three hosts with two uplinks each

b)

Add a minimum of two hosts with two uplinks each

c)

Add a minimum of three hosts with four uplinks each

d)

Add a minimum of two hosts with one uplink each

49.
a)

Ignore

b)

Acknowledge

c)

Disable

d)

Reset to Green

50.

Refer to the exhibit.

a)

40

b)

32

c)

8

d)

16

51.

Refer to the exhibit.

a)

The administrator must deactivate expandable reservations to turn on VM-K2.

b)

The administrator can create a third VM (“VM-K3”) at RP-KID and reserve 6GHz.

c)

VM-K2 can be powered on because it can get the resources needed from RP-MOM.

d)

VM-K2 cannot be powered on because there are not enough resources in RP-KID.

52.

Refer to the exhibit.

a)

Disable the Enhanced vMotion Compatibility (EVC) on the VM.

b)

Reboot the VM.

c)

Configure the Enhanced vMotion Compatibility (EVC) on the VM to Intel Skylake.

d)

Power on the VM.

e)

Configure the Enhanced vMotion Compatibility (EVC) on vSphere Cluster A and B to

support Intel Skylake.

53.

An administrator has a requirement to revert a running virtual machine to a previous snapshot after

a failed attempt to upgrade an application. When the administrator originally took the snap-shot,

the following choices in the Take Snapshot dialog were made:

• Snapshot the virtual machine’s memory = false

• Quiesce guest file system = false

What will be the result of the administrator selecting the “Revert to Latest Snapshot” option to

return the virtual machine to a previous snapshot? (Choose two.)

a)

The virtual machine will be restored to the parent snapshot

b)

The virtual machine will be restored in a powered off state.

c)

The virtual machine will be restored to the child snapshot

d)

The virtual machine will be restored in a powered on state.

e)

The virtual machine will be restored in a suspended state.

54.

Which tool is used to monitor the free space in the vCenter Server database? (Choose the best

answer.)

a)

esxtop

b)

df

c)

vimtop

d)

vmstat

55.

Which two performance tools can be used to monitor virtual machines outside the guest operating system? (Choose two.)

a)

vCenter Server performance charts

b)

Task Manager

c)

top

d)

esxtop

e)

Perfmon

56.

What is the default shutdown order of virtual machines (VMs) on a host? (Choose the best

answer.)

a)

Alphabetical based on VM names

b)

Highest utilization to lowest utilization

c)

Largest VM to smallest VM

d)

Reverse of the startup order

57.

An administrator is investigating the reason for a virtual machine restarting. In the vmware.log file, the administrator finds the following error:

a)

Guest operating system fault

b)

User or API request to shut down guest operating system

c)

High Availability

d)

User or API request to restart guest operating system

58.

Which feature can an administrator configure to have a copy of critical virtual machines in another cluster? (Choose the best answer.)

a)

vSphere Storage vMotion

b)

vSphere Fault Tolerance

c)

vSphere Replication

d)

Instant Clone

59.

An administrator sees a virtual machine message that reads, "Consolidation is required" in the

vSphere Client.

Which action does ESXi take when the administrator completes snapshot consolidation? (Choose the best answer.)

a)

Collapses all snapshots in the current snapshot tree

b)

Commits redundant delta disks to the base disk

c)

Collapses all snapshots into a single snapshot

d)

Deletes all snapshots without committing to the base disk

60.

Which two actions should an administrator take to ensure a VM has the highest networking

bandwidth? (Choose two.)

a)

Configure traffic shaping

b)

Configure LACP

c)

Configure resource pools

d)

Configure shares, reservations, and limits

e)

Configure marking and filtering

61.

Which two infrastructure services are provided by the Platform Services Controller? (Choose two.)

a)

Auto Deploy

b)

License Service

c)

vCenter Single Sign-On

d)

vSphere Syslog Collector

e)

vSphere Web Client

62.

Which setting should be used to exclude one hard disk from VM snapshots?

a)

Thin Provision disk type

b)

Dependent disk mode

c)

Independent disk mode

d)

Passthrough device mode