WorksheetsRocks, Soil and Coasts Revision
Total questions: 66
Worksheet time: 1hrs 3mins
A vertical section cutting through the soil showing the different layers of the soil is called a (a)
The most suitable soil for making pottery is:
(a)What soil type allows water to pass through it fastest?
(a)Which one of the following is NOT a function of soil?
To anchor the plants firmly.
To supply water and air.
To supply nutrients to plants.
To provide chlorophyll for photosynthesis.
Which of the substances are NOT obtained from the soil by plants?
(a)The washing away of top soil is known as (a) .
The remains of dead plants and animals found in soil is called (a) .
Lots of water comes through
_______ soil, little water comes through ________ soil and an average amount of water comes through _________ soil.
(a)
Which of these soils have loosely packed particles that doesn't hold water?
Some bubbles were seen as water was poured into a beaker containing soil. This could be due to the presence of:
(a)Which of the following is NOT a function of soil?
To supply water
To provide chlorophyll
To anchor the plant firmly
To provide nutrients to the plants
Soil is made mostly by
weathering
composting
conservation
deforestation
Which of the following is a means of reducing soil erosion?
Bulldozing all plants
Building retaining walls
Burning the land and leaving it
Using a powerful hose to water plants
Plants with short roots are usually affected by
leachinig
terracing
composting
crop rotation
Which type of rock is formed from sand, pebbles and shells?
Igneous
Volcanic
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Sea grape plants grow best on the beach shore. Which of these soils is best for growing sea grapes?
Clay
Sand
Loam
Gravel
An ___________ is a large body of salty water.
ocean
lake
river
Which body of water has land all around it?
ocean
lake
river
Which body of water is a large body of flowing water?
ocean
river
lake
True or False: A product is something made by people or machines for people to use.
True
False
A brick is a __________ that is made from soil.
toy
rock
product
Nick investigates.
He observes that one soil is smooth and one is lumpy.
What property did Nick observe?
color
texture
size of rock bits
How does the soil in the garden help to make useful products?
It helps to make statues.
It helps to make jewelry.
It helps grow food for people to eat.
Why are soils different colors?
They get different amounts of rain.
They have different materials in them.
They hold different amounts of water.
Water can help make useful products. Which of these products includes water?
shampoo
sweaters
pencil
Jill wants to observe the size of the bits in soil.
Which tool should she use?
a balance
a hand lens
a thermometer
What is the meaning of coast?
Where the sea meets the ocean
Where the land meets the land
Where the land meets the sea
Where the sea meets the air
Waves are caused by (a) dragging on the surface of the water
The size of the waves depends on the...
Length of fetch
Tilting of the Earth
Duration of wind blowing for
Speed of the wind
If the _______________ is stronger than the ________________, it will built up a beach.
(a)
The rise and fall of the sea gives you
earthquake
tsunami
tides
gravity
Read the following situations:
A: Strong wind blowing for 24 hours
B: Light wind blowing for 12 hours
C: Strong wind blowing for 10 hours
Which wind will produce larger waves?
(a)
Tides are caused by the gravitational pull from the (a)
Which of the following are the processes of erosion?
Abrasion
Longshore drift
attrition
Hydraulic action
What are the factors that determine the formation of spit?
The size of the resort
Prevailing wind
The type of beach
The direction of longshore drift
What is one way that authority could do to stop beaches from being carried away by longshore drift?
Beach nourishment
Revetments
Build groynes
Build a sea wall
Which of the following landforms are created by deposition?
Salt Marsh
Stack
Beach
Spit
Before this landform was formed, it was once a...
Bay
Cave
Stack
Stump
Which of the following statements are true about the coast and us?
Most farmers live here due to its resources
It is important for trading
The coast is used for generating electricity
It is expensive to build a beach house
What is the main factor that Happisburgh is eroding faster than any other coast in Britain?
It is mainly made out of soft rock
The government gave up on protecting it
Human activities such as deforestation
The village is constantly being hit by storms
What are the factors that cause storm surge?
Human activities
Earthquake
Atmospheric Pressure
Wind
Define storm surge.
What are the ways that the authorities did to protect Happisburgh?
Build groynes
Sea Wall
Beach nourishment
Revetments
Which of the following is the cheapest option for coastal defense?
Sea Wall
Wooden Groyne
Wooden revetments
Rock Armour
Which of the following is true about coastal defences?
It is high maintenance
Most coastal defences will break down eventually
It is built by the government to defend the country from foreign invasion
It is built to protect the coast from eroding further
List three things you've learn in Chapter 4.
What are the characteristics of Constructive Waves?
Strong swash, weak backwash, build up beach
Plunging
Spilling
Long wavelength, lower height
Weak swash, strong backwash, erode beach
What is hydraulic action
(a)
Fill in blanks
1. Cracks in cliff face are widened through ___, and ___.
2. These processes of erosion create a wave-cut notch.
3. Further hydraulic action, which is the power of the ___ forcing water into cracks and causing ___ to compress, and abrasion, which is rocks ___ against cliff, widens wave-cut notch into cave.
4. Further erosion from both sides of headland cause cave(s) to break through and form an arch.
5. ___, ___, ___, weathering causes top of arch to collapse, forming stack
6. Further weathering + erosion, leaves ___.
(a)
Benefits of sea walls
Long life span
Very expensive - £10000 per metre
Concrete wall absorbs energy, preventing erosion of town/cliffs behind
Recurved end reflects wave energy back into sea
Recurved end can increase erosion of beach material
Definition of transportation
Breakdown of rock where they are
The break down and transport of rocks
Natural process by which eroded material is carried
When sea drops sediment it has been carrying
Definition of erosion
Breakdown of rock where they are
The break down and transport of rocks
Natural process by which eroded material is carried
When sea drops sediment it has been carrying
Definition of deposition
Breakdown of rock where they are
The break down and transport of rocks
Natural process by which eroded material is carried
When sea drops sediment it has been carrying
Definition of weathering
Breakdown of rock where they are
The break down and transport of rocks
Natural process by which eroded material is carried
When sea drops sediment it has been carrying
Fill in definition for attrition
(a)
Types of transportation:
What is saltation?
Minerals dissolved in water are carried along
Sediment is carried along in the flow of the water
Pebbles that bounce along the sea/river bed
Boulders that roll along a sea bed by the force of the flowing water
Types of transportation:
What is traction?
Minerals dissolved in water are carried along
Sediment is carried along in the flow of the water
Pebbles that bounce along the sea/river bed
Boulders that roll along a sea bed by the force of the flowing water
Types of transportation:
What is solution?
Minerals dissolved in water are carried along
Sediment is carried along in the flow of the water
Pebbles that bounce along the sea/river bed
Boulders that roll along a sea bed by the force of the flowing water
Types of transportation:
What is suspension?
Minerals dissolved in water are carried along
Sediment is carried along in the flow of the water
Pebbles that bounce along the sea/river bed
Boulders that roll along a sea bed by the force of the flowing water
Hard engineering
Man-made structures to protect coast
Works with nature
Groynes, sea wall, gabions, rock armour
Beach nourishment, managed retreat, dune regeneration
Soft engineering
Man-made structures to protect coast
Works with nature
Groynes, sea wall, gabions, rock armour
Beach nourishment, managed retreat, dune regeneration
Diagram of longshore drift
Left arrow
Right arrow
Diagram of concordant coast
Left arrow
Right arrow
Diagram of discordant coast
Left arrow
Right arrow
Mass movement types:
Mudflow. Saturated soil (soil filled with water) flows down a slope.
Landslide. Large blocks of rock slide downhill.
Rockfall. Bits of rock fall off the cliff face, usually due to freeze-thaw weathering.
Rotational slip. Saturated soil slumps down a curved surface.
How do waves form, break and what affects them?
Constructive, destruction
Fetch - distance wave has travelled, strength of wind, How long wave has been blowing for.
Wind blows over sea - friction causes swell in ocean.
Friction causes orbit to become elliptical and top of waves breaks over.
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