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Free Radicals and Schizophrenia Quiz

Total questions: 40

Worksheet time: 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What are free radicals?

a)

Antioxidants

b)

Ionised particles in the body

c)

Bacterial toxins

d)

Neutral atoms

2.

Which process normally generates free radicals in the body?

a)

Breathing pure oxygen

b)

Eating fast food

c)

Normal metabolism

d)

Drinking water

3.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) include all except:

a)

Hydroxyl radical

b)

Hydrogen peroxide

c)

Sodium chloride

d)

Superoxide

4.

What is the primary source of superoxide in cells?

a)

Plasma membrane

b)

Mitochondrial electron transport chain

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Cytoplasm

5.

Hydrogen peroxide is:

a)

A free radical

b)

A strong base

c)

A reactive oxygen species

d)

A carbohydrate

6.

Which radical is produced by nitric oxide and superoxide interaction?

a)

Hydroxyl

b)

Peroxynitrite

c)

Carbon radical

d)

Sulfur radical

7.

Schizophrenia is characterized by:

a)

Only hallucinations

b)

Impaired glucose metabolism

c)

Disordered thoughts and emotions

d)

Autoimmune reactions

8.

What is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

a)

Social withdrawal

b)

Lack of motivation

c)

Hallucinations

d)

Emotional flatness

9.

One of the earliest hypotheses of schizophrenia points to disturbances in:

a)

DNA synthesis

b)

Protein digestion

c)

Dopamine metabolism

d)

Calcium homeostasis

10.

What is oxidative stress?

a)

Shortage of oxygen

b)

Deficiency in blood sugar

c)

Excess ROS/RNS and imbalance with antioxidants

d)

High blood pressure

11.

Which of the following is NOT an enzymatic antioxidant?

a)

Superoxide dismutase

b)

Catalase

c)

Glutathione peroxidase

d)

Vitamin C

12.

Chronic inflammation in schizophrenia leads to:

a)

Reduced neural activity

b)

Decreased free radicals

c)

Elevated ROS levels

d)

Reduced immunity

13.

Which of the following enzymes converts superoxide to hydrogen peroxide?

a)

Catalase

b)

Glutathione peroxidase

c)

Superoxide dismutase

d)

Glutathione reductase

14.

N-acetylcysteine helps schizophrenia by:

a)

Blocking neurotransmitters

b)

Increasing dopamine directly

c)

Boosting glutathione levels

d)

Acting as an antibiotic

15.

Which of the following is a non-enzymatic antioxidant?

a)

Superoxide dismutase

b)

Glutathione peroxidase

c)

Vitamin E

d)

Catalase

16.

Free radicals can cause damage to:

a)

Only DNA

b)

Only lipids

c)

Proteins, DNA, and lipids

d)

Only water molecules

17.

What increases risk of schizophrenia in offspring?

a)

Father’s smoking

b)

Maternal immune activation

c)

Premature birth

d)

Low vitamin C

18.

Radiotherapy creates free radicals via:

a)

Metal interactions

b)

X-rays and gamma rays

c)

UV exposure only

d)

Enzymatic reactions

19.

Which of the following shows elevated levels in schizophrenia patients?

a)

LDL cholesterol

b)

TBARS

c)

Albumin

d)

HDL

20.

Which compound helps detoxify ROS in the brain?

a)

NADH

b)

Calcium

c)

Glutathione

d)

Glycogen

21.

Which are sources of endogenous free radicals?

a)

Hydroxyl radical

b)

Sulfur radical

c)

Hemoglobin

d)

Hydrogen peroxide

22.

Free radicals can be formed due to:

a)

Environmental toxins

b)

Normal metabolism

c)

Consumption of water

d)

Cooking methods

23.

Which neurotransmitters are implicated in schizophrenia?

a)

Dopamine

b)

GABA

c)

Serotonin

d)

Glutamate

24.

Symptoms of schizophrenia include:

a)

Delusions

b)

Hallucinations

c)

Anxiety

d)

Lack of motivation

25.

Exogenous sources of free radicals include:

a)

Radiation

b)

Smoking

c)

Sleep deprivation

d)

Drugs

26.

Effects of oxidative stress in the brain include:

a)

Loss of mitochondrial energy

b)

Gene expression alteration

c)

Enhanced muscle strength

d)

Dysfunctional receptors

27.

Inflammatory cytokines linked to schizophrenia include:

a)

IL-1β

b)

TNF-α

c)

EPO

d)

IFN-β

28.

Antioxidant enzymes include:

a)

Glutathione reductase

b)

Superoxide dismutase

c)

Insulin

d)

Catalase

29.

Fish oil benefits in schizophrenia by:

a)

Elevating antioxidant enzymes

b)

Reducing oxidative stress

c)

Curing schizophrenia

d)

Enhancing antipsychotic efficacy

30.

Glutathione functions in the brain include:

a)

Detoxifying ROS

b)

Supporting enzymatic antioxidants

c)

Promoting neurotoxicity

d)

Recycling NADPH

31.

What are free radicals, and how are they formed in the body?

4 lines
32.

Explain the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cellular damage.

4 lines
33.

What mechanisms protect the brain from oxidative stress?

4 lines
34.

Describe the relationship between inflammation and oxidative stress in schizophrenia.

4 lines
35.

How do antioxidant enzymes like SOD and glutathione peroxidase function?

4 lines
36.

Discuss how schizophrenia symptoms are classified and provide examples.

4 lines
37.

What are the main biochemical theories behind the development of schizophrenia?

4 lines
38.

How does oxidative stress impact neurons in schizophrenia patients?

4 lines
39.

Explain how fish oil and antioxidant vitamins contribute to schizophrenia therapy.

4 lines
40.

What is the role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in managing schizophrenia?

4 lines

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