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WorksheetsFinal Review - Pharmacology Medical Facts and Uses
Total questions: 84
Worksheet time: 43mins
Cipro is used to treat which of the following bacterial infections? (Select all that apply)
Sinusitis
UTI
Skin infections
Pneumonia
Bone infections
Which areas of the body are commonly affected by topical antifungals?
Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)
Tinea cruris (jock itch)
Tinea capitis (ringworm of scalp)
Tinea unguium (nails)
Skin, nails, mucous, and vagina
Which vitamins can be toxic if consumed in large amounts?
Vitamins A, D, E, and K
Vitamins B1, B2, and B3
Vitamin C and B12
Vitamins B6, B9, and B5
What are possible effects of vitamin A toxicity?
Liver damage, blurred vision, bone pain
Increased appetite, improved night vision, weight gain
Hair growth, improved digestion, muscle gain
Lowered blood pressure, increased energy, improved memory
What is the route of administration for human regular insulin to lower glucose levels and monitor hypokalemia?
IV (intravenous) route
Oral route
Subcutaneous route only
Intramuscular route
If absorption of Timolol occurs, what side effects may be possible?
Hypotension or dysrhythmia
Hyperglycemia
Increased intraocular pressure
Weight gain
Mebendazole is used for the treatment of a wide range of ______ infections, including those caused by roundworm (Ascaris) and pinworm (Enterobiasis).
helminth
bacterial
viral
fungal
Lowering the maternal viral load to less than 50 copies/mL in pregnant women positive for HIV reduces the risk of HIV transmission to the baby to less than what percentage?
1%
5%
10%
20%
What is the primary use of Tetracycline?
Drug of choice for Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus, cholera, Lyme disease, peptic ulcers, and chlamydial infections.
Treatment of hypertension and heart failure.
Management of diabetes mellitus.
Relief of chronic pain syndromes.
What are some adverse effects of Tetracycline?
Superinfections, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, discoloration of teeth, photosensitivity
Hypertension, bradycardia, dry cough, hyperkalemia
Weight gain, increased appetite, insomnia, euphoria
Hair loss, blurred vision, tinnitus, constipation
Tetracycline is contraindicated in which populations?
Second half of pregnancy, children 8 years or younger, and patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment.
Elderly patients with osteoporosis only.
Patients with mild seasonal allergies.
Healthy adults with no underlying conditions.
Which factors aggravate BPH and hypertension?
Caffeine
Anabolic steroids
Testosterone
Anticholinergics
Alpha-adrenergic agonists
What does 'Static' relate to in ITS Pharmacology?
Anatomical enlargement
Excessive numbers of alpha-adrenergic receptors
DNA replication
Bone density
What is the function of 'Dynamic' in ITS Pharmacology?
Relates to anatomical enlargement
Relates to excessive numbers of alpha-adrenergic receptors compressing urethra
Increases bone density
Prevents cell division
Name one drug option for the treatment of excessive numbers of alpha-adrenergic receptors compressing the urethra.
Doxazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin, or finasteride
Ibuprofen
Amoxicillin
Metformin
Latanoprost (Xalatan) treats open angle glaucoma by focusing on lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) to prevent optic nerve damage and vision loss.
True
False
What is the main use of Atovaquone/proguanil malarone?
It is used as a prophylactic treatment for traveling to countries with malaria risk.
It is used to treat common cold symptoms.
It is prescribed for managing hypertension.
It is primarily used for pain relief in arthritis.
Which agents form bonds with DNA and prevent cell division?
Alkylating agents
SERM
Prostaglandin analogs
Alpha-adrenergic blockers
Calcium balance in the body is regulated by which hormones?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, and vitamin D
Insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin
Thyroxine, adrenaline, and cortisol
Aldosterone, renin, and angiotensin
For adults, what is the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of calcium?
800-1200 mg/day
200-400 mg/day
1500-2000 mg/day
4000-5000 mg/day
Raloxifene is primarily used for the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
True
False
What is the main action of Xalatan (Latanoprost) in glaucoma treatment?
It is a prostaglandin analog that reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor.
It is a beta-blocker that decreases aqueous humor production.
It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that reduces fluid formation in the eye.
It is an alpha agonist that increases uveoscleral outflow and decreases aqueous production.
What is the shape of Bacilli bacteria?
Rod shape
Spherical shape
Spiral shape
Comma shape
What is the shape of Cocci bacteria?
Spherical
Rod-shaped
Spiral
Comma-shaped
What is the shape of Spirilla bacteria?
Spiral shape
Rod shape
Spherical shape
Comma shape
Zithromax demonstrates greater activity over which type of organisms?
Gram-negative organisms
Gram-positive organisms
Fungi
Viruses
What is a major adverse effect of macrolides?
Macrolides may induce dysrhythmia in patients with elongated QTc intervals.
Macrolides commonly cause nephrotoxicity.
Macrolides are known to cause severe hypoglycemia.
Macrolides frequently induce hemolytic anemia.
Ciprofloxacin has been associated with which serious and potentially irreversible adverse effects?
Tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects.
Hepatic steatosis and alopecia.
Hyperglycemia and weight gain.
Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
What is the most common adverse effect of INH (Isoniazid)?
Numbness of the hands and feet, rash, and fever. Neurotoxicity.
Hypertension and tachycardia.
Visual disturbances and hearing loss.
Hyperglycemia and weight gain.
Verapamil drug acts by inhibiting the flow of which ions into myocardial cells and vascular smooth muscle?
Calcium ions
Sodium ions
Potassium ions
Chloride ions
Verapamil is contraindicated in patients with which condition?
AV heart block
Hypertension
Migraine
Asthma
Which of the following is a stationary clot?
Thrombus
Embolus
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Which of the following is a traveling clot?
Thrombus
Embolus
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
What is the primary action of anticoagulants?
Inhibit platelet action
Inhibit clotting factors, prevent thrombus growth
Dissolve existing thrombi
Inhibit fibrinolysis
Which drug class inhibits platelet action and prevents thrombi growth?
Anticoagulants
Antiplatelets
Thrombolytics
Hemostatic
Thrombolytics are used to ________ existing thrombi.
dissolve
form
stabilize
prevent
Hemostatic drugs inhibit fibrinolysis and promote ________ stability.
clot
cell
enzyme
membrane
Advil (Chapter 5 pg. 153) is used for which of the following?
Pain and fever
Cough suppression
Treating breast cancer
Treating allergic rhinitis
What is a common adverse effect of NSAIDs such as Advil?
Hot flashes
Infertility
Headache, dental pain, and dysmenorrhea
Cough suppression
Interferon B (Chapter 5 pg. 205) is used to treat ________.
multiple sclerosis, granulomatous disease, and severe osteoporosis
diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and asthma
rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and psoriasis
hepatitis C, HIV, and tuberculosis
Why is it difficult to kill cancer cells with antineoplastic drugs?
They cause tissue injury
They do not kill normal cells
They kill cancer cells without killing normal cells
They are used for cough suppression
What is a possible long-term consequence of using vesicants?
Cough suppression
Infertility
Pain relief
Treating allergic rhinitis
Tamoxifen is approved for the palliative treatment of ________ breast cancer in men and postmenopausal women.
advanced, metastatic, ER-positive
early-stage, HER2-positive
triple-negative, localized
inflammatory, ductal carcinoma in situ
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of Tamoxifen?
Cough suppression
Hot flashes
Pain relief
Infertility
Allergic rhinitis can be prevented by using ________.
Antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, mast cell stabilizers
Cough suppressants
Anticoagulants
Thrombolytics
Delsym (Chapter 7 pg. 97) is a ________ suppressant and a nonopioid drug used in many OTC severe cold and flu preparations.
cough
pain
fever
allergy
What are the adverse effects of the drug mentioned in section 29?
CNS toxicity with symptoms like slurred speech, ataxia, hyperexcitability, stupor, respiratory depression, seizures, coma, and toxic psychosis.
Increased appetite and weight gain only.
Mild skin rash and hair loss.
Improved memory and concentration.
What is a contraindication for the drug mentioned in section 29?
Chronic cough due to excessive bronchial secretions, such as asthma, smoking, and emphysema.
Mild headache due to dehydration.
Seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Mild muscle pain after exercise.
Desmopressin is a synthetic analog of human ADH that acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of water. It causes contraction of smooth muscle in the vascular system, uterus, and GI tract.
True
False
What are the adverse effects of Desmopressin?
Symptoms of water intoxication: drowsiness, headache, listlessness, progressing to convulsions and coma.
Increased appetite and weight gain.
Hair loss and skin rash.
Joint pain and muscle cramps.
Cushing Syndrome is caused by which of the following?
High levels of corticosteroids in the body over prolonged period
Low levels of insulin
High levels of thyroid hormone
Vitamin D deficiency
Name two signs or symptoms of Cushing Syndrome.
Adrenal atrophy, osteoporosis, hypertension, increased risk of infections, delayed wound healing, acne, peptic ulcers, general obesity, redistribution of fat, moon face, buffalo hump, mood and personality changes.
Hyperpigmentation, bradycardia, increased muscle mass, low blood pressure.
Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, exophthalmos.
Muscle hypertrophy, increased hair growth on scalp, decreased appetite.
Type 1 Diabetes is caused by absolute lack of insulin secretion.
True
False
List two treatments for Type 1 Diabetes.
Dietary restrictions, exercise, insulin therapy.
Antibiotics and bed rest.
Chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Physical therapy and massage.
What is the goal of treatment for Type 1 Diabetes?
To keep blood sugar levels as close to normal as possible to prevent or delay long-term complications.
To eliminate the need for insulin completely.
To cure diabetes permanently.
To increase blood sugar levels above normal.
Fosamax lowers which enzyme associated with bone turnover?
ALP (alkaline phosphatase)
AST (aspartate aminotransferase)
CK (creatine kinase)
LDH (lactate dehydrogenase)
What is the correct administration instruction for the drug mentioned? (1) All doses must be taken on an _________?
empty stomach
full stomach
daily basis
hourly schedule
How long should you remain upright after taking the drug? Upright position for at least ________ after a dose.
30 minutes
5 minutes
1 hour
10 minutes
Which of the following is a contraindication for the drug?
Osteomalacia
Heartburn
Pregnancy
All of the above
Rheumatoid Arthritis is characterized by disfigurement and inflammation of ______ joints.
multiple
single
cartilaginous
immovable
What are the treatment goals for Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Reduce pain
Minimize disability
Control inflammation
All of the above
Name two most common types of bacterial skin infections mentioned. ______ and ______.
Staphylococcus and Streptococcus
Escherichia and Salmonella
Bacillus and Clostridium
Pseudomonas and Neisseria
Permethrin Cream is used to kill ______ and ______ and to eradicate their ova.
head and crab lice, mites
mosquitoes, fleas
bacteria, viruses
fungi, yeasts
What are the adverse effects of Permethrin Cream?
Pruritus
Rash
Transient tingling, burning, stinging
Erythema and edema of the affected area
All of the above
Which class of dysrhythmic drugs delays or accelerates repolarization and may alter the duration of action potential?
Class I
Class II
Class III
Class IV
Filgrastim increases ______ production in the bone marrow and enhances the phagocytic and cytotoxic functions of neutrophils.
neutrophil
erythrocyte
platelet
lymphocyte
What is the most important pregnancy category to remember for fetal risk?
D
A
B
C
Category A: Has shown no risk of fetal abnormalities.
True
False
Category B: Has shown no risk to fetus, but there are inadequate studies in pregnant women for it.
True
False
Category C: Has shown adverse effects in animal studies but there aren’t adequate studies done on women.
True
False
Category D: Has shown positive evidence of human fetal risk but benefits for the mother may warrant use.
True
False
The drug is Contraindicated and is NEVER to be used during pregnancy.
True
False
What is a common side effect of phenylephrine if used for prolonged periods?
Rebound congestion
Hypertension
Drowsiness
Weight gain
What is a common side effect of atomoxetine (Strattera)?
Headache, insomnia, upper abdominal pain, decreased appetite, cough
Rash, blurred vision, hair loss, weight gain, constipation
Seizures, hallucinations, severe joint pain, jaundice, hearing loss
Nasal congestion, increased thirst, muscle cramps, excessive sweating, diarrhea
Passive immunity involves preformed antibodies transferred from one individual to another.
True
False
What are the first line therapy options for seizures?
Valproic Acid or Lamotrigine.
Aspirin or Ibuprofen.
Metformin or Insulin.
Amoxicillin or Azithromycin.
Naloxone is a pure opioid antagonist, blocking both ______ and ______ receptors.
mu; kappa
delta; sigma
alpha; beta
gamma; epsilon
Which of the following is an adverse effect of Naloxone?
Drowsiness
Rapid loss of analgesia
Hypertension
Bradycardia
Naloxone should not be used for respiratory depression caused by nonopioid medications.
True
False
What is a contraindication for the use of Naloxone?
Hypersensitivity to naloxone
Opioid overdose
Respiratory depression
Cardiac arrest
True/False: Antibiotics are used to treat prokaryotic (bacterial) infections, NOT viral infections.
True
False
A hospital gives a patient an antibiotic to treat a staph infection. Most of the staph bacteria are killed by the antibiotic, but some survive. Which of the following is likely to happen to the surviving staph bacteria?
They will be killed after a second round of antibiotics
They will reproduce additional antibiotic-resistant offspring
They will mutate into beneficial bacteria
They will struggle to survive in the host patient since their immunity is now weakened
True or False: A Virus can be treated with antibiotics
True
False
