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Worksheetsbcs2085 unit 5
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 20mins
Smooth muscle is characterized by all the following EXCEPT:
there are more thick filaments than thin filaments
it can hold contractions longer than skeletal muscle
it appears to lack troponin
there are no sarcomeres
Muscle tissue has all of the following properties EXCEPT:
contracability
pushability
extensibility
excitability
In muscle contraction, calcium apparently acts to:
cause ATP binding to actin
remove the blocking action of tropomyosin
increase the action potential transmitted along the sarcolemma
release the inhibition on Z discs
Calcium ions bind to the _____ molecule in skeletal muscle cells.
troponin
tropomyosin
tropomyosin
myosin
An anaerobic metabolic pathway that results in the production of two net ATP per glucose plus two pyruvic acid molecules is:
hydrolysis
the citric acid cycle
glycolysis
beta-oxidation
An elaborate network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that functions in calcium storage is the:
sarcoplasmic reticulum
myofibrilar network
mitochondria
nucleus
Creatine phosphate functions in the muscle cell by:
inducing a conformational change in the myofilaments
forming a temporary chemical compound with myosin
storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP as needed
forming a chemical compound with actin
During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites?
thick filiments
z disc
myosin filaments
Actin filaments
Which of the following surrounds the individual muscle cell?
fascicle
perimysium
epimysium
endomysium
The sliding filament model of contraction involves:
the Z discs sliding over the myofilaments
actin and myosin shortening but not sliding past each other
the shortening of thick filaments so that thin filaments slide past
actin and myosin sliding past each other but not shortening
One functional unit of a skeletal muscle is:
the myofilaments
the myofybrils
the sarcoplasmic reticulum
a sarcomere
Which of the following statements is true concerning motor neurons?
A single motor neuron always contacts only one muscle fiber.
There are several motor neurons for each muscle fiber.
Individual motor neurons can only innervate one muscle fiber type.
The muscle cell membrane is called a(n) _____.
endomysium
perimysium
sarcolemma
sarcomere
When a muscle is unable to respond to stimuli temporarily, it is in which of the following periods?
fatigue
latent
relaxation
refractory
Which of the following statements best describes the benefits of a lever system?
all of these
It allows a given effort to move a heavier load farther and faster than the effort otherwise could.
It allows the changing of speed of movement produced by an applied force.
It allows the changing of direction of an applied force with relative ease.
Regarding muscle fiber arrangement in a pennate muscle:
The fascicles form a triangle.
The fascicular pattern is circular.
The fascicles are in a fusiform arrangement.
The fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of a muscle.
A muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement is called:
an antagonist
an agonist
a fixator
a ssynergist
Tennis players often complain about pain in the arm (forearm) that swings the racquet. What muscle is usually strained under these conditions?
the brachioradialis
the anconeus
the flexor digitorum profundus
the triceps brachii
If a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage, it means that the:
effort is farther than the load from the fulcrum
load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum
lever system is useless
load is near the fulcrum and the effort is at the distal end
Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the knee?
brachioradialis
quadriceps
gluteals
hamstrings
The universal bone mass loss seen in the skeleton, which begins around age 40:
is uniform throughout the skeleton
is greater in males than in females
is slower in females than in males
reflects an imbalance in the bone remodeling process
The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the:
osteocyte
osteoclast
osteoblast
chondrocyte
Normal bone formation and growth are dependent on the adequate intake of:
sodium, calcium, & vitamin E
vitamin D, phosphate, & chloride
calcium, phosphate, & vitamin D
potassium, phosphate, & vitamin D
In bone formation, a deficiency of growth hormone will cause:
decreased osteoclast activity
inadequate calcification of the bone
decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage
Which of the following glands or organs produce hormones that tend to decrease blood calcium levels?
pineal gland
parathyroid
thyroid
spleen
Which of the following statements bests describes interstitial growth of cartilage?
Fibroblasts give rise to chondrocytes that differentiate and form cartilage.
Growth occurs in the lining of the long bones.
Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within.
Unspecialized cells from mesenchyme develop onto chondrocytes, which divide and form cartilage.
Which of the following is (are) the function(s) of the skeletal system?
mineral storage
support
All of these are true
hematopoiesis
The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (Haversian canal) is the site of:
yellow marrow and spicules
cartilage and interstitial lamellae
osteoclasts and osteoblasts
blood vessels and nerve fibers
The process of bones increasing in width is known as:
interstitial growth
concentric growth
closing of the epiphyseal plate
appositional growth
The membranous areas between the cranial bones of the fetal skull are called:
areolas
sutures
fontanels
foramina
The axial skeleton contains:
arms, legs, hands and feet
the skull, vertebral column and rib cage
the skull, vertebral column and pelvis
the skull, vertebral column and pelvis
The major function of the intervertebral discs is to:
prevent injuries
string the vertebrae together
prevent hyperextension
absorb shock
Paranasal sinuses are found in which of these facial bones?
nasal conchae
zygomatic
vomer
maxillae
Thoracic vertebrae 11 and 12 are different from the others in which of the following characteristics?
The orientation of the articular processes is different from all the other thoracic vertebrae.
The spinous processes are directed parallel with the centrum.
The transverse processes do not have facets that articulate with the tubercles of the ribs.
There are two foramina on T11 and T12.
Functions of synovial fluid include:
nutrient exchange with CSF
nutrient supply for bones
lubrication of the joint
lubrication of the trabeculae
The articular surfaces of a long bone are made of :
elastic cartlidge
tendons
spongy bone
hyaline cartilage
The kind of joint that provides the widest range of motion is the:
hinge
pivot
ball and socket
suture
Which precede(s) intramembraneous ossification?
mesenchymal cells
chondroblast activity
woven bone
collagen formation
What is the earliest event (of those listed) in endochondral ossification?
appearance of the epiphyseal plate
appearance of the primary ossification center
ossification of the proximal epiphysis
cavitation of the cartilage shaft
Ionic calcium (Ca2+) plays a significant role in:
all of these are true
muscle contractions
the transmission of nerve impulses
blood clotting
