Equipment that connects directly to a network segment is referred to as device.

It converts networks transmission data formats as well as perform basic data transmission management.

This will add more intelligence to data transfer management.

It regenerate a signal

Routing and other services

Concentrate connections and may regenerate a signal.

It is the actual layout of the wire or media

This type of Network Topology that defines how the media is accessed by the hosts for sending data.

It combines characteristics of bus and star topologies.

All devices are connected to a single cable (the "_____").

Data travels in one direction around the _____.

• Devices are connected in a closed loop. 

• Every device is connected to multiple other devices. Provides high redundancy and reliability, as data can travel through different paths.

• Simple to install, but a single point of failure (a broken connection) can disable the entire network.

More complex and expensive to set up.

• If one device fails, it doesn't affect the rest of the network.  Easier to manage and troubleshoot than bus topology.

Easier to manage than a fully meshed network.

This type of topology have the structure with a root node and branches.

• Data travels along the cable, and each device can receive it. Simple and inexpensive to set up, but a break in the cable can disable the entire network.
  

All Devices connect to a central hub or switch.

It is a formal description of a set of rules and conventions that govern a particular aspect of how devices on a network communicate.

This are the collections of protocols that enable network communication from one host through the network to another host.

• It is a private network that is constructed within a public network infrastructure such as the global internet.

It is a network that spans a metropolitan area such as a city or suburban area.

Usually, consists of two or more LANs in a common geographic area.

• Operate over a large geographically separated areas

Operate within a limited geographic area

• Provide full-time remote resources connected to local services

• Allow many users to access high-bandwidth media

It is the most cost-effective method of establishing secured connection

• It is a dedicated, high-performance network used to move data between servers and storage resources.

• Provide full-time connectivity to local services 

Connect physically adjacent devices

• Some common LAN Technologies are:

• 3 main types of VPNs:

It is the measure of how much information, or bits, can flow from one place to another in a given amount of time, or seconds.

Refers to actual measured bandwidth, at a specific time of day, using specific Internet routes, and while a specific set of data is transmitted on the network.

What different forms flow?

What rules govern flow?

What is flowing?

Where does the flow occur?

It is a suite of network protocols created by Digital Equipment Corporation.

A kind of model which is a reference tool for understanding data communications between any two networked systems.

It is established by IBM to specify common conventions for communication

• It provides different services to the application.

• Functions: Remote file access, Electronic messaging, Network management

• Responsible for end-to-end delivery of messages between the networked hosts.

• Functions: Message segmentation, Message acknowledgment

•  It is responsible for protocol conversion, data encryption/decryption, expanding graphics command and data compression.

• Functions: Character code translation, Data conversion, Data compression

• Responsible for establishing the process-to-process communication between the hosts in the network.

• Functions: Session establishment, maintenance and termination; Session support

Responsible for translating the logical network address and names into their physical address.

• Functions: Traffic control, Logical-physical address mapping, Frame fragmentation

• Responsible for transmitting raw bit stream over the physical cable.

• Functions: Data encoding, Transmission technique, Physical medium transmission

• Responsible for controlling the error between adjacent nodes and transfer the frames to other computers via physical layer.

• Functions: Link establishment and termination, Frame traffic control, Frame acknowledgment

 TCP stands for

• IP stands for

In the TCP/IP architecture, the Data Link Layer and Physical Layer are normally grouped together to become the ________

• Refers to standard network service and defines compatible representation of all data.

 Delivers data via physical link; Provides error detection and packet framing.

• Manages the transfer of data; Manages the connections between networked applications.

• Manages addressing of packets and delivery of packets between networks; Fragments packets so that they can be dealt with by lower level layer.

• The OSI model consists of 7 architectural layers whereas the TCP/IP only has 4 layers.

The SNA model is a "generic, protocol-independent standard."

• It is a "generic, protocol-independent standard."

Which organization originally developed the TCP/IP protocol?

It receives data packets and passes on all the information it receives to all the other computers connected to the __________

A _________ receives data from the user. Looks for the remote address of the other computer making routing decisions along the way. Forwards the user data out to a different interface that is closer to the remote computer.

Wireless network bridges can cost anywhere from _______ to _______ or more depending on the type purchased.

• Switches can range in price from _____ up to ______ or more depending on if the switch is manageable or unmanageable; usually unmanageable switches are less in price versus managed switches.

Hubs are not that expensive; most range for less than ________.

What are the software layers in OSI Model?

The Heart of OSI Model

What are the Hardware Layers in OSI Model?