WorksheetspG paper 2 quiz
Total questions: 75
Worksheet time: 38mins
Reduced activity in which of the following brain regions is associated with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, such as avolition and flat affect?
Nucleus accumbens
Prefrontal cortex
Amygdala
Cerebellum
The concordance rate for Schizophrenia is approximately
30 percent
40 percent
50 percent
60 percent
All of the following anatomical findings have been associated with Schizophrenia EXCEPT?
Enlarged Hippocampus
Enlarged Ventricles
Reduced symmetry in frontal and occipital lobes
Reduced Brain Volume
Which of the following conditions have free floating anxiety that is difficult to subside?
Paraphrenia.
Oneiroid.
Bouffée Délirante
Pseudoneurotic Schizophrenia
The Prevalence of suicide in patients with schizophrenia is approximately
10 percent
20 percent
30 percent
40 percent
All of the following are Poor Prognostic factors for schizophrenia EXCEPT?
Young Onset
Family History of Mood Disorder
Family History of Schizophrenia
Insidious onset
An adequate trial for antipsychotic is considered to be of what duration
1-2 weeks
2-3 weeks
4-6 weeks
6-8 weeks
The phenomenon of "paradoxical conduct" has been observed in which type of delusional disorders
Persecutory type
Erotomanic type
Jealous type
Somatic type
folie á deux. Was describe by
Norman Cameron
Hoch and Polatin
Lasegue and Falret
Emil Kraepelin
The term cyclothymia was coined by
Jules Falret
Leo Kanner
Sigmund Freud
Karl Kahlbaum
All of the following are true regarding mood disorders EXCEPT?
Minimum duration for hypomania is 7 days
Bipolar I disorder has an equal prevalence among men and women
Bipolar II disorder is characterised by episodes of Hypomania and Depression
Norepinephrine and serotonin are the two neurotransmitters most implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders
Which type of Depression is associated with severe anhedonia, early morning awakening, weight loss, and profound feelings of guilt?
Depression with Atypical features
Depression with Psychotic features
Depression with Melancholic features
Depression with Catatonic features
The minimum number of episodes to meet criteria for Rapid cyling Bipolar Disorder is?
2
4
6
8
Cognitive distortion characterized by focus on single detail while ignoring other important aspects of an experience is called as?
Selective Abstraction
Overgeneralization
Arbitrary Inference
Magnification
Which of the following is NOT a core feature of major depressive disorder according to DSM-5?
Depressed mood
Suicidal thoughts
Loss of interest or pleasure
Fatigue
Which of the following systems is NOT much implicated in the neurobiological model of PTSD?
Noradrenergic system
Opioid system
Glutamatergic system
HPA axis
Which of the following brain regions has been shown to have structural changes in PTSD patients?
Hippocampus
Basal ganglia
Cerebellum
Medulla
Dissociative identity disorder (DID) was previously known as:
Fugue state
Conversion disorder
Multiple personality disorder
Somatoform disorder
Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with dissociative identity disorder (DID)?
Memory gaps
Depersonalization
Derealization
Psychosis
All of the following are true regarding Dissociative Identity Disorder EXCEEPT?
Obsessive-compulsive personality traits are common in dissociative identity disorder
Male to Female Ration is 5 : 1
More than 80% patients have history of childhood trauma
Prognosis is poorer in patients with comorbid organic mental disorders
All of the following are defense mechanisms in Dissociative Idnetify Disorders EXCEPT?
Repression
Denial
Undoing
Displacement
In the differential diagnosis of dissociative amnesia, which condition is commonly misdiagnosed due to similar symptoms?
Korsakoff's syndrome
Major depressive disorder
Schizophrenia
Bipolar disorder
What is the lifetime prevalence of OCD in the general population?
1-2%
2-3%
5-6%
10%
In neuroimaging studies of OCD, increased activity is most commonly found in which brain region?
Amygdala
Caudate nucleus
Temporal lobe
Occipital cortex
Which therapeutic approach has shown the longest-lasting effects in the treatment of OCD?
SSRIs alone
Clomipramine
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
What is the most common subtype of OCD symptom patterns in adults?
Symmetry
Pathological doubt
Contamination
Intrusive thoughts
Which of the following is the hallmark feature of compulsions in OCD?
They are repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing distress.
They are enjoyable to the patient.
They are associated with delusions.
They are ego-syntonic.
Which of the following is NOT a stage in Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome?
Alarm reaction
Resistance
Exhaustion
Regression
Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in the endocrine response to stress?
Glucocorticoids
ACTH
Oxytocin
Dopamine
The Social Readjustment Rating Scale by Holmes and Rahe primarily measures:
Psychological resilience
Physiological adaptation to stress
Life-change units of stressful events
Severity of depressive symptom
Which brain region is most associated with the release of norepinephrine during a stress response?
Hippocampus
Locus ceruleus
Amygdala
Prefrontal cortex
Which of the following therapies is most commonly recommended for patients with chronic tension headaches?
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Biofeedback therapy
Antipsychotic medications
Electroconvulsive therapy
Which of the following components of stress management primarily focuses on identifying and altering maladaptive thoughts?
Relaxation exercises
Cognitive restructuring
Problem-solving
Self-observation
Who was the first to systematically study the relationship between stress and disease, introducing the concept of the fight-or-flight response?
Sigmund Freud
Hans Selye
Walter Cannon
William Beaumon
Which factor is most critical in the treatment of patients with psychosomatic disorders?
Immediate pharmacological intervention
Strong physician-patient rapport
Regular psychometric assessments
Symptom suppression
What is the primary motivation behind factitious disorder according to DSM-5?
Financial gain
To assume the sick role and receive medical attention
To avoid military duty
To evade legal responsibility
Which disorder must be differentiated from factitious disorder due to the conscious production of symptoms for external incentives?
Conversion disorder
Illness anxiety disorder
Malingering
Somatic symptom disorder
In patients with factitious disorder, what defense mechanism is frequently observed?
Rationalization
Regression
Sublimation
Intellectualization
Factitious disorder imposed on another, also known as factitious disorder by proxy, involves:
Feigning symptoms for legal benefits
The fabrication of symptoms in oneself
Inducing symptoms in a dependent for attention
None of the above
Chronic fatigue syndrome is most commonly diagnosed in which age group?
10-20 years
20-40 years
40-60 years
Above 60 years
Which endocrine abnormality has been implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome?
Hypothyroidism
Hypocortisolism
Hypercortisolemia
Hyperthyroidism
Which neurotransmitter abnormality has been linked to anorexia nervosa, particularly in regulating appetite?
Reduced norepinephrine turnover
Elevated dopamine levels
Increased serotonin reuptake
Increased endorphin activity
Which subtype of anorexia nervosa is associated with a higher risk of suicide?
Restricting type
Purging type
Mixed type
None
Which of the following neurotransmitters has been shown to play a crucial role in the regulation of REM sleep?
Glutamate
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
GABA
What is the primary site of circadian rhythm regulation within the brain?
Locus coeruleus
Dorsal raphe nucleus
Pineal gland
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
Which of the following is true regarding melatonin's role in sleep-wake regulation?
Ramelton is a melatonin antagonist
It is primarily secreted during daytime.
Its release is inhibited by bright light.
It has no effect on circadian rhythm
What is the typical REM latency in healthy adults?
30 minutes
60 minutes
90 minutes
120 minutes
Which form of parasomnia is commonly triggered by sleep deprivation?
REM behavior disorder
Sleepwalking
Nightmares
Narcolepsy
What is the relationship between testosterone levels and libido in women?
Elevated testosterone increases libido in women
Testosterone has no influence on sexual interest in women
Testosterone reduces libido
It causes dysfunction but has no impact on interest
At what age does gender identity typically begin to develop in children?
1 year
3 years
5 years
7 years
Which biological theory explains the development of gender identity based on prenatal androgen exposure?
A. Brain organization theory
B. Behavioural theory
C. Cognitive theory
D. Attachment theory
What is a common comorbidity in children diagnosed with gender dysphoria?
A. Psychosis
B. Depressive disorders
C. Substance use disorder
D. Autism spectrum disorder
In borderline personality disorder, which defense mechanism is most commonly described by Otto Kernberg?
Projection
Reaction formation
Projective identification
Displacement
Patients with which personality disorder are likely to seek validation and attention through dramatic and emotional behaviors?
Avoidant
Histrionic
Dependent
Obsessive-Compulsive
What term did Wilhelm Reich coin to describe defensive styles in personality disorders?
Dissociation
Psychic isolation
Splitting
Character armor
Which personality disorder subtype is most commonly diagnosed in females with fragile X syndrome?
A) Borderline
B) Schizotypal
C) Narcissistic
D) Antisocial
Which opioid is known for its rapid onset and pleasurable high due to its lipid solubility?
Morphine
Heroin
Methadone
Codeine
Which of the following refers to "behavioral patterns of family members who have been significantly affected by another family member's substance use or addiction?"
Tolerance
Cross Tolerance
Neuroadaptation
Codependence
Disulfiram is
An activator of Alcohol Dehydrogenase
An inhibitor of Alcohol Dehydrogenase
An activator of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
An inhibitor of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
Cannabis has not been used for the following medicinal purpose:
Nausea
Epilepsy
Asthma
Glaucoma
According to DSM-V, the dosage of caffeine above which it is likely to cause intoxication is?
150 mg
250 mg
350 mg
450 mg
Which of the following is NOT typically a feature of opioid withdrawal syndrome?
Hypertension
Diarrhea
Piloerection
Yawning
Long-term use of marijuana can lead to which syndrome characterized by a loss of motivation and drive?
Avolition syndrome
Alexithymia syndrome
Amotivation syndrome
Anhedonia syndrome
Which neurotransmitter abnormality is most closely linked to suicidal behavior?
Elevated dopamine levels
Low 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels
Increased norepinephrine
Low glutamate levels
Which of the following is the most common method of suicide globally?
A) Firearms
B) Overdose
C) Hanging
D) Jumping from heights
Which antipsychotic is partial agonist activity at dopamine D2 receptors?
Haloperidol
Clozapine
Aripiprazole
Risperidone
Which of the following second-generation antipsychotics is associated with the highest gain?
Aripiprazole
Quetiapine
Risperidone
Olanzapine
Which of the following antipsychotics has the highest risk of causing agranulocytosis?
A. Risperidone
B. Quetiapine
C. Clozapine
D. Ziprasidone
What is the most common side effect of first-generation antipsychotics?
Metabolic syndrome
Extrapyramidal symptoms
Agranulocytosis
Sexual dysfunction
The primary mechanism of action of benzodiazepines involves which receptor system?
Dopamine receptors
Serotonin receptors
GABA receptors
Glutamate receptors
Which of the following drugs requires regular monitoring of thyroid function?
Lithium
Valproate
Carbamazepine
Lamotrigine
A patient on SSRIs reports excessive sweating. What is a potential treatment for this side effect?
Sertraline
Terazosin
Propranolol
Bromocriptine
What is the recommended first-line treatment for neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia?
Diphenhydramine
Haloperidol
Propranolol
Lithium
What is a common adverse effect of using SSRIs for depression treatment?
Hypertension
QT prolongation
Sexual dysfunction
Renal toxicity
Which of the following drugs should be avoided in combination with a CYP3A4 inhibitor due to increased risk of toxicity?
Lamotrigine
Lurasidone
Quetiapine
Risperidone
