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Cosmos

Total questions: 104

Worksheet time: 5hrs 47mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Each planet's orbit about the Sun is an ellipse. The Sun's center is always located at one focus of the orbital ellipse.

a)

Kepler's 1st Law

b)

Kepler's 2nd Law

c)

Kepler's 3rd Law

2.

A planet moves in its ellipse so that the line between it and the Sun placed at a focus sweeps out equal areas at equal times.

a)

Kepler's 1st Law

b)

Kepler's 2nd Law

c)

Kepler's 3rd Law

3.

The square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of the length of the semi-major axis of its orbit.

a)

Kepler's 1st Law

b)

Kepler's 2nd Law

c)

Kepler's 3rd Law

4.

The mean distance from the center of the earth to the center of the sun.

a)

Astronomical Unit

b)

Heliocentric Theory

c)

Kepler's 1st Law

d)

Planetary Revolution

5.

The path of the earth around the sun, which is one complete cycle of an orbit, is approximately 365.2425 days in length.

a)

Astronomical Unit

b)

Heliocentric Theory

c)

Kepler's 1st Law

d)

Planetary Revolution

6.

There are two points inside of an ellipse. The sun is one point in our solar system.

a)

Astronomical Unit

b)

Heliocentric Theory

c)

Foci

d)

Planetary Revolution

7.

Planets revolving around a fixed point, the sun.

a)

Astronomical Unit

b)

Heliocentric Theory

c)

Foci

d)

Geocentric Theory

8.

Planets revolving around a fixed point, the earth.

a)

Astronomical Unit

b)

Heliocentric Theory

c)

Foci

d)

Geocentric Theory

9.

The combining of several small nuclei into one large nucleus with the subsequent release of huge amounts of energy.

a)

Astronomical Unit

b)

Nuclear Fusion

c)

Foci

d)

Nuclear Fission

10.

The splitting of an atom into smaller parts.

a)

Astronomical Unit

b)

Nuclear Fusion

c)

Foci

d)

Nuclear Fission

11.

Energy that is transferred by electromagnetic radiation, such as light, X-rays, gamma rays, and thermal radiation, which may be described in terms of either discrete packets of energy, called photons, or continuous electromagnetic waves.

a)

Astronomical Unit

b)

Nuclear Energy

c)

Radiant Energy

d)

Nuclear Fission

12.

The northern lights, one of several astronomical phenomena called polar lights (aurora polaris), are shafts or curtains of colored light visible on occasion in the night sky.

a)

Astronomical Unit

b)

Nuclear Energy

c)

Aurora Borealis

d)

Nuclear Fission

13.

A change in the orientation of the rotational axis of a rotating body.

a)

Nutation

b)

Precession

c)

Barycenter

d)

Nuclear Fission

14.

Is the center of mass of two or more bodies that orbit one another and is the point about which the bodies orbit.

a)

Nutation

b)

Precession

c)

Barycenter

d)

Nuclear Fission

15.

A periodic oscillation of the earth's axis that causes the precession of the poles to follow a wavy rather than a circular path.

a)

Nutation

b)

Precession

c)

Barycenter

d)

Nuclear Fission

16.

Earth's spin around its own axis. Causes day and night.

a)

Nutation

b)

Rotation

c)

Barycenter

d)

Revolution

17.

The Earth's orbital motion around the sun. Takes 365 days.

a)

Nutation

b)

Rotation

c)

Barycenter

d)

Revolution

18.

A tide just after the first or third quarters of the moon when there is least difference between high and low water.

a)

Neap

b)

Rotation

c)

Spring

d)

Revolution

19.

A tide just after the new or full moon when there is the greatest difference between high and low water.

a)

Neap

b)

Rotation

c)

Spring

d)

Revolution

20.

The orbits of the planets are ellipses with the Sun at one focus, though all except Mercury are very nearly circular.

a)

Planetary Orbit

b)

Kepler's 3rd Law

c)

Neap Tide

d)

Rotation

21.
Planets orbit the Sun in a shape called a(n)
a)
circle
b)
ellipse
c)
focus
d)
perihelion
22.
The place where a planet is farthest away from the Sun in its orbit around the Sun is called the
a)
aphelion
b)
perihelion
23.
Kepler's 2nd Law deals with 
a)

the shape of the planets' orbits.

b)

the speed/area the planet travels.

c)

the length of time it takes the planet to orbit the sun.

d)

the sun being the center point.

24.
A planet moves __________ when it is farthest from the sun.
a)
faster
b)
slower
25.
Kepler's first law states that the orbits of the planets are oval in shape or 
a)
ellipses
b)
perfect circles
26.
An ellipse is drawn around two points called
a)
aphelion
b)
perihelion
c)
foci
d)
axis
27.
When a planet orbits the Sun, one of the foci of the elliptical orbit is 
a)
the axis
b)
the perihelion
c)
the center
d)
the Sun
28.
Weight can best be described as?
a)
The amount of atoms in an object
b)
The gravitational force exerted on an object
c)
The size of an object
d)
The compactness of an object
29.
Mass can best be described as?
a)
The amount of atoms in an object
b)
The gravitational force exerted on an object
c)
The size of an object
d)
The compactness of an object
30.
A perfect circle has an eccentricity of ______.
a)
0
b)
.99
c)
1
d)
2
31.
What is eccentricity? 
a)
a measurement of how elliptical an orbit is. 
b)
a measurement of the distance between the planet and the sun
c)
a measurement of how long the planet takes to rotate around the sun
d)
none of these
32.

The value of the eccentricity of ANY orbit can range from ________ to ________.

a)

0.1 to 0.9

b)

-1 to 0

c)

0 to 100

d)

0 to 1

33.
What did Kepler discover about planets and their orbital speed?
a)
Planets closest to the Sun will orbit with the fastest orbital speed.
b)
Planets with the greatest mass will orbit the Sun with the fastest orbital speed.
c)
Planets furthest from the Sun will orbit with the fastest orbital speed.
d)
Planets with the least mass will orbit the Sun with the fastest orbital speed.
34.
The path a planet travels around the sun is called its 
a)
orbit
b)
ellipse
c)
barycenter
d)
precession
35.

Kepler's 3rd Law states....

a)

...the square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit.

b)

...all planets travel in an elliptical orbit.

c)

...line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time.

d)

...that the sun is at the center of the universe.

36.
Where is the planet moving faster
a)
Position A to B
b)
Position B to C
c)
Position H to I
d)
Position I to J
37.
What is true about the area between points A, B and the Sun, and the area between points H, I and the Sun?
a)
The area between A, B and the Sun is the largest.
b)
The area between H, I and the Sun is the largest
c)
Both areas are equal in size
d)
There is not enough information to determine the areas
38.
What is the smallest terrestrial planet?
a)
Mars
b)
Venus
c)
Mercury 
d)
Earth
39.
Earth and the other planets closest to the Sun are made mostly of _______
a)
gas
b)
metal
c)
water
d)
rock
40.
The farther away a planet is from the sun, the _______ it takes it to orbit the sun once. 
a)
longer
b)
shorter
41.
An Earth satellite in an elliptical orbit travels fastest when it is
a)
nearest Earth.
b)
farthest from Earth.
c)
everywhere along its orbit.
42.
Consider a moon that orbits one of our most distant planets in an elliptical path. The distance that the moon covers each day is
a)
greatest when closest to the planet.
b)
greatest when farthest from the planet.
c)
the same everywhere.
d)
need more information 
43.
An Earth satellite in an elliptical orbit has its smallest speed
a)
closest to Earth
b)
when getting farther from Earth.
c)
when farthest from Earth.
d)
need more information
44.
The orbital path of a satellite has two focal points. When both focal points are together 
a)
the satellite path is an ellipse.
b)
the satellite path is a circle.
c)
satellites lose speed.
45.
According to Kepler, the paths of planets about the Sun are
a)
parabolas.
b)
circles.
c)
straight lines.
d)
ellipses
46.
Which law of Kepler's states that a planet farther away from the sun travels the same amount of time as when it is closer to the sun (even though the speed is slower farther away than when closer to the sun) due to equal areas?
a)
1st
b)
2nd
c)
3rd
47.
Knowing how long a planet takes to orbit the sun, helps scientists determine the distance that planet is from the sun.  Is this Kepler's 1st, 2nd or 3rd Law?  
a)
1st
b)
2nd
c)
3rd
48.
Planets revolve around the sun in an elliptical orbit relates to which of Kepler's laws?  
a)
1st
b)
2nd
c)
3rd
49.
Planets orbit the Sun in a shape called a(n)
a)
circle
b)
ellipse
c)
focus
d)
perihelion
50.
An ellipse is drawn around two points called
a)
aphelion
b)
perihelion
c)
foci
d)
axis
51.
When a planet orbits the Sun, one of the foci of the elliptical orbit is 
a)
the axis
b)
the perihelion
c)
the center
d)
the Sun
52.
The place where a planet is closest to the Sun as it orbits the Sun is called the
a)
perihelion
b)
aphelion
53.
The place where a planet is farthest away from the Sun in its orbit around the Sun is called the
a)
aphelion
b)
perihelion
54.
Where is the planet moving faster
a)
Position A to B
b)
Position B to C
c)
Position H to I
d)
Position I to J
55.
What is true about the area between points A, B and the Sun, and the area between points H, I and the Sun?
a)
The area between A, B and the Sun is the largest.
b)
The area between H, I and the Sun is the largest
c)
Both areas are equal in size
d)
There is not enough information to determine the areas
56.
Kepler's 2nd Law deals with 
a)
the shape of the planets' orbits
b)
the speed/area the planet travels 
c)
the length of time it takes the planet to orbit the sun
57.
A planet moves __________ when it is farthest from the sun.
a)
faster
b)
slower
58.
Kepler's third law of planetary motion describes a relationship between the
a)
shape of orbit and location of Sun.
b)
orbital velocity and position in orbit
c)
distance from the Sun and length of year.
d)
path of epicycle and position.
59.
How many laws of planetary motion did Kepler discover?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
60.

The period of revolution measures what?

a)

Time it takes to make one complete spin.

b)

Time it takes to go around the Sun once.

c)

Distance from the Sun to the planet

61.
Which planet would have the greatest velocity?
a)
Mercury
b)
Mars
c)
Jupiter
d)
Neptune
62.
Which planet would have the longest year?
a)
Mercury
b)
Mars
c)
Jupiter
d)
Neptune
63.
Which diagram shows a planet with the least eccentric orbit?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
64.

What do Kepler's Laws help explain?

a)

Planetary motion

b)

The order of the Universe

c)

The Big Bang Theory

d)

Hubble's Law

65.

What does Kepler's 1st Law (Law of Ellipses) help explain?

a)

The shape of Earth's orbit

b)

The directly proportional relationship between Earth's distance from the sun & its orbital speed

c)

The area covered by Earth's sweeping orbit in equal time periods

d)

The order of the planets in our solar system

66.

What does Kepler's 2nd Law (Law of Equal Area) help explain?

a)

The shape of Earth's orbit

b)

The area covered by Earth's sweeping orbit in equal time periods

c)

The directly proportional relationship between Earth's distance from the sun & its orbital speed

d)

The order of the planets in our solar system

67.

What does Kepler's 3rd Law (Harmonic Law) help explain?

a)

The shape of Earth's orbit

b)

The area covered by Earth's sweeping orbit in equal time periods

c)

The directly proportional relationship between Earth's distance from the sun & its orbital speed

d)

The order of the planets in our solar system

68.

Which of the following has an eccentricity of zero?

a)

a straight line

b)

a large ellipse

c)

a circle

d)

a small ellipse

69.
According to Kepler’s 3rd Law of Planetary Motion the farther a planet is located from the Sun...
a)
the shorter its period of revolution
b)
the longer its period of revolution
70.
The diagram to the left shows four positions of a planet in its orbit around the Sun. At which position would the planet’s speed be the greatest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
71.

Which of the these would have an eccentricity of 1

a)

a straight line

b)

a large ellipse

c)

a circle

d)

a small ellipse

72.

Which of the following is more elliptical based off of its eccentricity?

a)

.0035

b)

.035

c)

.35

d)

.53

73.

How would the orbit of a satellite change if its mass increased?

a)

Its orbit would become more elliptical.

b)

Its orbit would become less elliptical.

c)

Its orbit would stay the same.

74.

If a space shuttle orbiting Earth wanted to orbit closer to the surface (decrease the orbit) would they need to speed up or slow down?

a)

Speed up

b)

Slow down

75.
The first planet from the sun is 
a)
Jupiter.
b)
Venus.
c)
Mercury.
d)
Earth.
76.
The farthest planet from the sun is
a)
Mars
b)
Mercury
c)
Neptune
d)
Jupiter
77.

The sun is in the ________________________ of our solar system.

a)

outside

b)

circle

c)

center

d)

moon

78.

Which planet is the largest planet in our solar system

a)

Jupiter

b)

Saturn

c)

Mars

d)

Earth

79.

What planet do we live on?

a)

Mars

b)

Venus

c)

Earth

d)

Saturn

80.

What planet has thousands of beautiful, tiny rings made of chunks of ice and rock?

a)

Jupiter

b)

Saturn

c)

Uranus

d)

Neptune

81.

Which of the following lists the correct order of the planets from the sun?

a)

Mercury, Venus, Mars, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

b)

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

c)

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Pluto

d)

Mars, Venus, Earth, Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

82.

Which particle has a positive electrical charge?

a)

proton

b)

neutron

c)

electron

83.

Which of the three particles has the smallest mass?

a)

proton

b)

neutron

c)

electron

84.

What is a pure substance made of 2 or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio (Ex. Water)?

a)

Element

b)

Compound

c)

Mixture

d)

Solution

85.

What is a type of mixture in which different parts can easily be seen (Ex. Vegetable soup)?

a)

Heterogeneous mixture

b)

Homogeneous mixture

c)

Solution

d)

Colloid

86.

What is a well-mixed mixture containing a solvent and at least one solute that has the same properties throughout (Ex. Sugar water)?

a)

Heterogeneous mixture

b)

Colloid

c)

Suspension

d)

Solution

87.

What is a type of mixture that is evenly mixed so you cannot see the parts and it looks all the same (Ex. Paint)

a)

Element

b)

Compound

c)

Heterogeneous mixture

d)

Homogeneous mixture

88.

What is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means (Ex. Oxygen)?

a)

Element

b)

Compound

c)

Colloid

d)

Suspension

89.
Which state of matter has a definite shape?
a)
solid
b)
liquid
c)
gas
90.

What Planet is closest to the Sun?

a)

Earth

b)

Mars

c)

Saturn

d)

Mercury

91.

What Planet has the shortest trip around the Sun?

a)

Mercury

b)

Mars

c)

Pluto

d)

Uranus

92.

The hottest planet in the solar system?

a)

Earth

b)

Mars

c)

Neptune

d)

Venus

93.

How many miles is Earth from the Sun?

a)

83 million

b)

92 million

c)

94 million

d)

93 million

94.

True or False: A day on Mars is SHORTER than a day on Earth.

a)

True

b)

False

95.

Why does Mars have a pinkish color?

4 lines
96.

What belt is between Mars and Jupiter?

a)

Kuiper Belt

b)

Black Belt

c)

Asteroid Belt

97.

What planet comes after Saturn?

a)

Neptune

b)

Saturn

c)

Uranus

d)

Jupiter

98.

How do the planets stay in place?

a)

The Sun

b)

Gravity

c)

Tennis Ball

d)

Inertia

99.

The largest planet.

a)

Jupiter

b)

Saturn

c)

Uranus

d)

Neptune

100.

What is a true statement about the four planets closest to the Sun?

a)

They are all small and rocky.

b)

They are made of gases.

c)

They all have four moons.

d)

They are cold and covered in ice.

101.

Which planet has liquid water and supports life?

a)

Mars

b)

Earth

c)

Saturn

d)

Uranus

102.

Which planet is known as the 'Red Planet'?

a)

Earth

b)

Mars

c)

Jupiter

d)

Venus

103.

What is the main component of the Sun?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Hydrogen

c)

Carbon

d)

Helium

104.

Which planet has the most extensive ring system?

a)

Earth

b)

Mars

c)

Saturn

d)

Jupiter

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