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WorksheetsPre-Assessment: Secondary Biology Curriculum (PADX)
Total questions: 150
Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
In the nucleus
In the cytoplasm
In the rough endoplasmic reticulum
In the ribosomes
How are the phospholipid molecules oriented in the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane?
The hydrophobic lipid tails are facing the interior of the membrane.
The non-polar phosphate heads are facing the exterior of the membrane.
The hydrophilic phosphate heads are facing the interior of the membrane.
The polar lipid tails are facing the exterior of the membrane.
What is the description of a water molecule?
It has an oxygen atom that carries a partial negative charge.
It is nonpolar and can dissolve polar molecules.
It has hydrogen atoms that attract positively charged ions.
It contains hydrogen bonds, which are a type of ionic bond.
What is the subunit of microfilaments?
Actin
Tubulin
Keratin
Myosin
What is a description of amino acids?
Amino acids contain an amino group, a side chain, and an R group.
Amino acid side chains are always acidic.
Hydrogen bonds linearly link amino acids.
Peptide bonds join the amino group of one amino acid to the amino group of another amino acid.
What type of energy does protein provide?
Chemical energy
Potential energy
Solar energy
Nuclear energy
During which step of cellular respiration is ATP produced?
Glycolysis
Beta-oxidation
Fermentation
Calvin cycle
When does crossing over occur in meiosis?
During the prophase I
During the anaphase I
During the metaphase II
During the telophase II
What does an antiporter do during facilitated diffusion in plant cells?
Moves molecules against their concentration gradient
Carries a single molecule across the membrane
Transports two different molecules in the same direction
Opens and closes to transport molecules
What is a reactant in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide molecule
Glucose molecule
Oxygen molecule
Water molecule
What is produced by complex IV in the electron transport chain?
Water
NADH
FADH2
Oxygen
What is a product of the citric acid cycle?
Carbon dioxide
Acetyl coenzyme A
Pyruvate
Glucose
When does DNA replication occur?
S phase
M phase
G0 phase
G1 phase
An organism inherits one recessive allele and one dominant allele for a trait that shows Mendelian patterns of inheritance. What happens to the recessive allele in the organism?
The recessive allele is not expressed in the organism’s phenotype.
The recessive allele is always expressed in the organism’s phenotype.
The recessive allele mutates into a dominant allele.
The recessive allele is deleted from the organism’s DNA.
A teacher wants to begin a lesson on the topic of heredity and genetic variation with a visual example of a relevant phenomenon. Which image should the teacher select?
A brown dog with yellow puppies
A fruit fly in a jar
A pea plant with yellow seeds
A field full of pink flowers
A teacher is facilitating a review of codominance and incomplete dominance by having students compare and contrast the concepts. Which student response reflects an accurate understanding of codominance and incomplete dominance?
Both are non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance. Incomplete dominance results in the partial expression of multiple alleles for a gene, while codominance results in the full expression of multiple alleles.
Codominance and incomplete dominance are both Mendelian patterns of inheritance, and both result in the blending of traits.
Incomplete dominance results in the full expression of both alleles, while codominance results in the partial expression of both alleles.
Codominance occurs only in plants, while incomplete dominance occurs only in animals.
How are the processes of transcription and translation connected?
Genetic information in DNA is copied to RNA before ribosomes decode it to assemble proteins.
Genetic information in RNA is copied to DNA before ribosomes decode it to assemble proteins.
Genetic information in proteins is copied to RNA before ribosomes decode it to assemble DNA.
Genetic information in amino acids is copied to DNA before ribosomes decode it to assemble RNA.
Which student response correctly identifies the function of a structure involved in the process of translation in a eukaryotic cell?
Ribosomes manufacture amino acid chains using instructions carried by mRNA.
The nucleus manufactures amino acid chains using instructions carried by mRNA.
Ribosomes store DNA information packaged in chromosomes.
The nucleus stores DNA information packaged in chromosomes.
How do codons contribute to protein synthesis?
Each sequence of three nucleotides codes for a specific amino acid or signals to end the chain.
Each sequence of three tRNA molecules transfers a specific amino acid to the growing chain.
Each sequence of three DNA molecules codes for a specific genetic trait that is expressed as a protein.
Each sequence of three phosphate groups translates as one of several amino acids.
How do codons enable silent mutations?
Multiple codon sequences code for the same amino acid.
Codons always change the amino acid sequence.
Codons prevent any mutations from occurring.
Codons only code for one specific amino acid.
Which pattern of evolution occurs when unrelated species develop similar traits due to living in similar environments?
Convergence
Gene flow
Divergence
Natural selection
Why is it important for populations to maintain genetic diversity?
Genetic diversity increases the likelihood that some individuals can survive changing environmental conditions.
Genetic diversity provides a range of traits that will help a population adapt to environmental changes.
Genetic diversity increases the likelihood that natural selection is prevented, which will stabilize the population.
Genetic diversity provides stability by preventing mutations from occurring in a population.
What is the significance of the fossil record in understanding evolution?
A) It shows changes in species over time and reveals transitional forms.
B) It provides evidence that all species originated and developed at the same time.
C) It demonstrates that mutations are the primary driver of variation and change in species.
D) It proves that genetic change occurs at a constant rate in all species.
What are vestigial structures?
Structures that are reduced or non-functional remnants of traits that were useful to an organism’s ancestors
Structures that arise when unrelated species evolve similar traits due to exposure to similar environmental pressures
Structures in different species that are similar due to a shared common ancestor
Structures that are temporary anatomical features that appear during early development but may not be present later
What causes adaptive traits to increase in frequency within a population over many generations?
Natural selection causes adaptive traits to increase in frequency within a population over many generations.
Genetic drift causes adaptive traits to decrease in frequency within a population over many generations.
Mutation always eliminates adaptive traits from a population over many generations.
Environmental changes prevent any change in trait frequency within a population over many generations.
Which process explains why different species of finches evolved unique beak shapes on the Galápagos Islands?
Adaptive radiation
Convergent evolution
Genetic drift
Bottleneck effect
Which term describes a species that is formed due to the physical isolation of a population?
Allopatric speciation
Sympatric speciation
Temporal speciation
Behavioral speciation
What is common to both genetic drift and founder effect?
Small population size
High genetic variation
Loss of habitat
Increased rate of immigration
What is a consequence of low genetic diversity?
Increased probability of harmful recessive phenotypes
Reduced risk of extinction for a species
Increased ecosystem stability
Reduced ability for disease to spread
Which theory describes rapid evolution following long periods of stability?
Punctuated equilibrium
Phyletic gradualism
Natural selection
Genetic drift
Which piece of evidence shows that patterns of evolution are predictable?
The convergent development of traits found in different species
The random mutation of genes leading to new traits
The presence of similar DNA in multiple species
The presence of fossils in different types of rock
Which type of selection favors individuals with intermediate phenotypes?
Stabilizing selection
Directional selection
Disruptive selection
Balancing selection
What is a feature of plants?
They are autotrophic and heterotrophic.
They lack cell walls.
They are eukaryotic and prokaryotic.
They contain chitin.
What is an example of ecosystem diversity?
The variety of biomes on Earth
The variety of species in a rainforest
The variety of plants in a garden
The variety of genetic variations within a species
What is a characteristic of xylems?
They only flow one way.
They are found in non-vascular plants.
They transport food.
They have perforated end walls.
Which plant part is a precursor to seeds and is important in pollination?
Ovules
Pollen tube
Endosperm
Pistil
What is the purpose of allelopathy in plants?
It provides a plant’s defense.
It allows for self-pollination.
It determines plants’ specific traits.
It is the process of flower formation.
What is the difference between eubacteria and archaebacteria?
Eubacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, and archaebacteria do not.
Eubacteria have a nucleus, and archaebacteria do not.
Archaebacteria have ribosomes, and eubacteria do not.
Archaebacteria have membrane-bound organelles, and eubacteria do not.
Which biological level of organization is the smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living organisms?
Cells
Atoms
Molecules
Macromolecules
Which example is an organelle?
Mitochondrion
DNA
Epithelial
Protist
What is the correct order of biological levels of organization, from smallest to largest, that includes living things?
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system
Atom, cell, macromolecule, organelle
Tissue, organelle, organ, organ system
Molecule, cell, organelle, organ
Which organelle plays a major role in macrophages, which ingest and destroy bacteria?
Golgi Bodies
Ribosome
Mitochondria
What is the relationship between a kingdom and a domain?
A domain is a larger grouping of one or more kingdoms.
A kingdom is a larger grouping of one or more domains.
A domain is a larger grouping made of one kingdom.
A kingdom is a larger grouping made of one domain.
What type of survival strategy does an annual wildflower have if it germinates, produces hundreds of seeds, but dies shortly after?
r-survival strategy
K-survival strategy
Exponential growth strategy
Carrying capacity strategy
Which feature do the mitochondria and nucleus share?
Both contain their own DNA.
Both are involved in protein synthesis.
Both are surrounded by a single membrane.
Both produce glucose.
How do keystone species impact ecosystems?
They maintain biodiversity and regulate the populations of other species.
They consume the most resources and outcompete other species for survival.
They occupy the top of the food chain and control predator-prey dynamics.
They decrease species diversity and disrupt ecological stability.
Which process initiates energy flow through an ecosystem?
Photosynthesis
Decomposition
Respiration
Transpiration
How do wetlands contribute to ecosystem health?
By improving water quality through pollutant filtration
By increasing the salinity of the surrounding soil
By limiting biodiversity to aquatic species
By preventing nutrient cycling in nearby environments
What is the primary function of supporting ecosystem services?
Supporting ecosystem services enables processes like nutrient cycling and soil formation
Supporting ecosystem services provides resources like food and water
Supporting ecosystem services regulates climate and disease in ecosystems
Supporting ecosystem services offers recreational and cultural benefits
What is an example of a supporting ecosystem service?
Soil formation that enables plant growth
Pollination that increases crop yields
Carbon storage in forests to mitigate climate change
Recreational opportunities in national parks
What is the primary function of covalent bonds?
Atoms share electrons to fill their outer electron shells, creating stability.
One atom donates electrons to another, forming ions.
They are found in fats, oils, and waxes.
They capture solar energy and convert it into chemical energy.
Which type of bond involves one atom donating electrons to another?
Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
Hydrogen Bonds
Metallic Bonds
What are simple carbohydrates, such as glucose and fructose, primarily used for?
Long-term energy storage
Quick energy
Building cell membranes
Protein synthesis
Where are complex carbohydrates commonly found?
In oils and waxes
In proteins
In foods like potatoes, grains, and rice
In cell membranes
What is the role of lipids in the body?
They are critical for growth, repair, and body maintenance.
They store energy and form cell membranes.
They convert glucose into ATP.
They capture solar energy.
What are proteins essential for in the body?
Storing energy
Protecting cells
Growth, repair, and body maintenance
Capturing solar energy
What does metabolism refer to?
The process of photosynthesis
The replication and division of cells
All chemical reactions within a cell
The structure of phospholipids
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
To capture solar energy
To convert glucose into ATP
To replicate and divide cells
To form cell membranes
What process captures solar energy and converts it into chemical energy?
Cellular respiration
Photosynthesis
Metabolism
Cell division
What does cell division involve?
The conversion of glucose into ATP
The capture of solar energy
The replication and division of cells
The formation of phospholipid bilayers
How do phospholipids arrange themselves in a bilayer structure?
Heads point outward toward the water, tails point inward
Tails point outward toward the water, heads point inward
Heads and tails both point outward
Heads and tails both point inward
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
It produces energy through cellular respiration.
It stores the cell's genetic material and directs all activities.
It breaks down waste and damaged cell parts.
It captures sunlight and converts it into energy.
Which organelle is known as the "powerhouse" of the cell?
Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
What is the primary role of ribosomes in a cell?
To store water and nutrients
To build proteins based on instructions from the cell's DNA
To modify and package proteins and lipids
To capture sunlight for photosynthesis
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a cell?
It stores the cell's genetic material.
It is involved in the transport and detoxification of substances.
It captures sunlight and converts it into energy.
It provides structure and support to the cell.
Which organelle is referred to as the "packaging and shipping center" of the cell?
Lysosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Chloroplasts
Vacuoles
What is the main function of lysosomes in a cell?
To produce energy through cellular respiration
To break down waste and foreign invaders
To store water and nutrients
To provide structure and support
Which organelle is found only in plant cells and is responsible for photosynthesis?
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
What is the role of vacuoles in plant cells?
To produce proteins
To store water and nutrients
To capture sunlight
To detoxify substances
What is the function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?
To store genetic material
To provide structure and enable movement
To break down waste
To capture sunlight
What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells contain chloroplasts.
Prokaryotic cells have a Golgi apparatus.
What is the primary mechanism of homeostasis that counteracts initial fluctuations in a physiological variable?
Positive feedback
Negative feedback
Passive transport
Active transport
Which process involves the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell?
Active transport
Passive transport
Cellular respiration
Aerobic respiration
What is the energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference?
Passive transport
Active transport
Anaerobic respiration
Krebs cycle
Which process releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen?
Anaerobic respiration
Cellular respiration
Light-dependent reactions
Prophase
What are the reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light and use energy from ATP and NADPH to build high-energy compounds?
Light-dependent reactions
Light-independent reactions
Aerobic respiration
Krebs cycle
Which stage of cellular respiration involves the breakdown of pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions?
Prophase
Krebs cycle
Anaerobic respiration
Light-dependent reactions
During which phase do chromosomes condense and become visible, and the nuclear membrane starts to dissolve?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What happens during the Metaphase of cell division?
Chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell.
Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
DNA replication occurs.
The cell grows and prepares for DNA synthesis.
During which phase do spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart?
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
What is the main event of the Telophase in cell division?
Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
DNA replication occurs.
Chromosomes reach opposite poles and new nuclear membranes form.
The cell grows and prepares for DNA synthesis.
What is the Interphase in the cell cycle?
The phase where chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
The period of the cell cycle between cell divisions.
The phase where spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart.
The phase where new nuclear membranes form.
What occurs during the G1 Phase of the cell cycle?
DNA replication
Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
The first gap or growth phase before DNA synthesis
Chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell
Which phase is responsible for DNA replication?
G1 Phase
S Phase
G2 Phase
Metaphase
What is the G2 Phase known for in the cell cycle?
DNA replication
The second growth phase after DNA synthesis
Chromosomes lining up in the center of the cell
Chromosomes reaching opposite poles of the cell
What is the purpose of Meiosis in organisms?
To produce identical cells
To produce reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
To replicate DNA
To line up chromosomes in the center of the cell
What are Protists?
Single-celled prokaryotes with cell walls containing peptidoglycan
Unicellular organisms in the Protista kingdom
Single-celled prokaryotes that thrive in extreme environments
Nonvascular plants that reproduce using spores
What is a characteristic of bacteria?
Thrive in extreme environments
Have cell walls containing peptidoglycan
Include mosses and liverworts
Reproduce using spores
What defines archaea?
Unicellular organisms in the Protista kingdom
Single-celled prokaryotes that thrive in extreme environments
Nonvascular plants that reproduce using spores
Vascular plants that include ferns and horsetails
What are bryophytes?
Vascular plants that include ferns and horsetails
Nonvascular plants that include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
Single-celled prokaryotes with cell walls containing peptidoglycan
Unicellular organisms in the Protista kingdom
What are seedless vascular plants (Pteridophytes)?
Nonvascular plants that include mosses and liverworts
Vascular plants that include ferns and horsetails
Single-celled prokaryotes that thrive in extreme environments
Unicellular organisms in the Protista kingdom
What are gymnosperms?
Flowering plants with seeds enclosed in fruit
Vascular plants with seeds in cones
Plants with seeds enclosed in flowers
Non-vascular plants with seeds in fruit
What is the function of a stoma plant?
Used for water absorption
Used for gas exchange
Used for nutrient storage
Used for seed dispersal
What are invertebrates?
Animals with backbones
Animals without backbones
Animals with exoskeletons
Animals with vertebrae
What is the Calvin cycle?
A set of reactions in photosynthesis that require light
Reactions of photosynthesis that build high-energy compounds
A process of breaking down sugars
A cycle that occurs in cellular respiration
What is codominance?
A condition where one allele is completely dominant
A condition where neither allele is dominant or recessive
A condition where alleles blend together
A condition where one allele is recessive
What is convergence in biology?
When two organisms evolve to look similar despite being distantly related
When two organisms evolve to look different despite being closely related
When two organisms share a common ancestor
When two organisms develop similar traits due to shared environment
What is a vestigial structure?
A structure that serves a new purpose in an organism
A structure that no longer serves its natural purpose
A structure that is essential for survival
A structure that is newly evolved
What is genetic drift?
A change in allele frequency due to natural selection
A change in allele frequency due to chance events
A change in allele frequency due to mutation
A change in allele frequency due to migration
What is the bottleneck effect?
An increase in population size
A change in allele frequency following a population increase
A change in allele frequency following a dramatic reduction in population size
A change in allele frequency due to genetic mutation
What is allopatric speciation?
Formation of new species in the same geographic area
Formation of new species in geographically isolated populations
Formation of new species due to genetic mutation
Formation of new species due to environmental changes
What is temporal speciation?
When species reproduce at the same time
When species reproduce at different times
When species reproduce in different locations
When species reproduce due to environmental changes
What is the founder effect?
Change in allele frequencies due to a large population migration
Change in allele frequencies due to a small subgroup migration
Change in allele frequencies due to genetic mutation
Change in allele frequencies due to environmental changes
What is phyletic gradualism?
Evolution by rapid changes over a short time
Evolution by accumulation of many small changes over a long time
Evolution by a single large change
Evolution by environmental adaptation
What is punctuated equilibrium?
Evolution with constant gradual changes
Evolution with long stable periods interrupted by rapid changes
Evolution with no changes
Evolution with only rapid changes
What type of selection favors the average version of a trait?
Disruptive selection
Stabilizing selection
Balancing selection
Directional selection
Which type of selection favors individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic range?
Stabilizing selection
Balancing selection
Disruptive selection
Directional selection
What is the role of xylem in plants?
Carries nutrients from leaves to roots
Transports water upward from roots
Stores food in the form of starch
Protects the plant from pathogens
What is chitin primarily composed of?
Fatty acids
Amino sugar monomers
Nucleic acids
Proteins
What is the function of the pistil in a flower?
Male reproductive part
Photosynthesis
Female reproductive part
Attracts pollinators
What is allelopathy in plants?
The process of photosynthesis in plants
The chemical interactions between plants where one plant releases biochemicals affecting another
The growth of plants in aquatic environments
The genetic modification of plants
Which kingdom do unicellular prokaryotes with cell walls made of peptidoglycan belong to?
Protists
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Fungi
What is the main characteristic of archaebacteria?
They have cell walls made of cellulose
They have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan
They are multicellular organisms
They perform photosynthesis
Which of the following is a eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal, plant, or fungus?
Bacteria
Protists
Archaebacteria
Viruses
What is the function of macrophages in the lymph nodes?
They produce antibodies
They destroy bacteria, cancer cells, and other foreign matter
They transport oxygen
They store nutrients
What is the role of lysosomes in a cell?
They produce energy
They contain digestive enzymes
They synthesize proteins
They store genetic information
What is the function of Golgi bodies in a cell?
They produce energy
They package and transport cellular materials
They synthesize proteins
They store genetic information
Which of the following is the correct order of the Animal Classification System?
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species, Domain
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species, Domain, Kingdom
Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species, Domain, Kingdom, Phylum
What is a K-strategy species?
A species that produces many offspring with little parental care
A species that produces few offspring with a good chance of survival
A species that migrates seasonally
A species that is primarily aquatic
What characterizes an r-strategy reproductive strategy?
Slow reproduction with high parental care
Rapid reproduction of many small offspring with little or no parental care
Migration to different habitats
High survival rate of offspring
What are supporting ecosystem services?
Services that provide direct food resources
Services necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services
Services that regulate climate
Services that provide recreational opportunities
What is the function of living vascular tissue in plants?
It anchors the plant to the ground.
It carries sugar and organic substances throughout the plant.
It absorbs water and nutrients.
It supports the leaves.
What is the main function of roots in plants?
Photosynthesis
Gas exchange
Anchor and absorb water
Transport sugar
Which part of the plant supports the leaves?
Roots
Stem
Leaves
Stomata
What are the main ingredients for photosynthesis?
Oxygen, nitrogen, sunlight
Water, carbon dioxide, sunlight
Sugar, water, oxygen
Carbon dioxide, sugar, water
Which part of the plant is used for gas exchange?
Roots
Stem
Stomata
Chloroplast
Where in the cell does photosynthesis take place?
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Ribosome
Why might plants have bigger leaves?
To reduce water loss
To maximize surface area for sunlight absorption
To protect from herbivores
To store more nutrients
What is radial symmetry?
Symmetry about a central axis
Symmetry along one plane
Asymmetrical shape
Symmetry in multiple planes
What are structural adaptations?
Behavioral changes in animals
Physical features that help animals meet survival needs
Genetic mutations in plants
Seasonal changes in animals
What is an example of a behavioral adaptation in animals?
Photosynthesis
Migration
Fragmentation
Spore formation
Which of the following is a physiological adaptation?
Hibernation
Camels storing water
Binary fission
Budding
What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
Faster reproduction time
Lack of genetic diversity
Increased energy use
Formation of hybrids
What is binary fission?
Division of a single organism into two identical organisms
Formation of spores
Growth of a new organism from a fragment
Controlled mating for desired traits
What is budding in terms of reproduction?
Division into two identical organisms
Growth of a new cell from the body of a parent
Formation of spores
Mating of two distinct species
What is fragmentation in reproduction?
Division into two identical organisms
Growth of a new organism from a fragment
Formation of spores
Controlled mating for desired traits
What is spore formation?
Division into two identical organisms
Growth of a new cell from the body of a parent
Specialized cells develop into new organisms
Mating of two distinct species
What is vegetative propagation?
Division into two identical organisms
Growth of a new cell from the body of a parent
Plants producing new individuals from stems, roots, or leaves
Controlled mating for desired traits
What does a hybrid reproductive strategy involve?
Division into two identical organisms
Formation of offspring from two distinct species
Growth of a new organism from a fragment
Controlled mating for desired traits
What is a controlled reproductive strategy?
Division into two identical organisms
Growth of a new cell from the body of a parent
Controlled mating based on desired traits
Formation of offspring from two distinct species
What is commensalism?
A relationship where both organisms benefit
A relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
A relationship where one organism is harmed
A relationship where both organisms are harmed
What is adaptive radiation?
The process by which unrelated organisms evolve similarities
An evolutionary pattern where many species evolve from a single ancestral species
The process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other
A condition where allele frequencies remain constant over time
What is convergent evolution?
The process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities
The process by which many species evolve from a single ancestor
The process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other
A condition where allele frequencies remain constant over time
What are homologous structures?
Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry
Body parts that share a common function, but not structure
Structures that are identical in all species
Structures that have no function
What are analogous structures?
Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry
Body parts that share a common function, but not structure
Structures that are identical in all species
Structures that have no function
What is coevolution?
The process by which unrelated organisms evolve similarities
An evolutionary pattern where many species evolve from a single ancestor
The process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other
A condition where allele frequencies remain constant over time
What is selective pressure?
A condition where allele frequencies remain constant over time
When the environment pushes an individual or population to adapt or evolve
The process by which unrelated organisms evolve similarities
An evolutionary pattern where many species evolve from a single ancestor
What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
A condition where allele frequencies remain constant over time
The process by which unrelated organisms evolve similarities
An evolutionary pattern where many species evolve from a single ancestor
The process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other
What are auxins?
Plant hormones that lead to phototropism by elongating the dark side of the plant
A condition where allele frequencies remain constant over time
The process by which unrelated organisms evolve similarities
An evolutionary pattern where many species evolve from a single ancestor
What is a hypotonic solution?
A solution where the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell
A solution where the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell
A solution where the concentration of solutes is equal to that of the cell
A solution where there are no solutes
