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WorksheetsAdvanced Procedures Review
Total questions: 73
Worksheet time: 37mins
How much bile does the liver secrete per day?
800 to 1000 ml
200 to 400 ml
1500 to 2000 ml
50 to 100 ml
What quadrant does the liver belong to?
RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ
What imaging modality is used to diagnose Barrett’s disease?
Nuclear Medicine
Ultrasound
X-ray
MRI
Which pathology of the GI tract appears as a halo sign radiographically?
Ischemic colitis
Crohn's disease
Ulcerative colitis
Peptic ulcer disease
How many lobes does the liver have?
4
2
5
3
During an UGI, what improves the filling of the esophagus?
Drinking water
Swallowing barium
Holding breath
Taking deep breaths
CR for esophagram is:
T5-T6
C4-C5
L1-L2
T12-L1
Which UGI position will best demonstrate pathology to the posterior wall of the stomach?
Right Lateral
Left Lateral
AP Supine
RAO
Which position of an UGI will best fill the body with barium?
prone
supine
erect
left lateral decubitus
Why is an RAO position preferred over an LAO during an UGI?
increases the visibility of the esophagus between the vertebrae and heart
reduces patient discomfort during the procedure
improves visualization of the stomach fundus
minimizes radiation exposure to the patient
Identify the different salivary glands.
Parotid, Sublingual, Submandibular
Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal
Lacrimal, Sebaceous, Sweat
Pineal, Pituitary, Thymus
The special projection and/or position most helpful in demonstrating the upper portion of the esophagus is:
Lateral position
AP supine position
Oblique position
Prone position
What position fills the fundus with barium?
AP Supine
PA Prone
RAO
LPO
What UGI position is helpful in identifying a hiatal hernia?
AP Trendelenburg position
Left lateral decubitus position
PA prone position
Erect position
The CR is angled 20 to 25 degrees cephalic on an UGI when:
the patient is in a supine position with a thin body habitus.
the patient is in a prone position with a hypersthenic body habitus.
the patient is in an upright position with a sthenic body habitus.
the patient is in a right lateral position with a hyposthenic body habitus.
What is a Cholangiogram? ________
A radiographic examination of the bile ducts
A test to measure blood sugar levels
A surgical procedure to remove the gallbladder
A type of liver biopsy
What are the accessory organs of digestion?
Liver, Pancreas, salivary glands
Stomach, Esophagus, Large intestine
Kidneys, Bladder, Ureters
Heart, Lungs, Spleen
What is the act of swallowing termed?
deglutition
mastication
respiration
peristalsis
What are the two indentations of the esophagus created by?
Aortic arch, Left primary bronchus
Right atrium, Inferior vena cava
Trachea, Thyroid cartilage
Pulmonary vein, Diaphragm
What helps propel food down the esophagus? ________
Peristalsis and gravity
Diffusion and osmosis
Active transport and enzymes
Cilia and flagella
The esophagogastric junction is ________.
the area where the esophagus meets the stomach
the valve between the small and large intestine
the opening of the trachea into the esophagus
the region where the stomach connects to the duodenum
The ileum has which characteristic?
Numerous Peyer's patches
Villi with goblet cells only
Thick muscularis mucosa
Absence of lymphoid tissue
The Taenia coli are ________.
three distinct longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the large intestine
folds of mucosa in the small intestine
glands in the stomach lining
valves in the ileocecal region
The functions of the large intestine are:
Absorption of water and formation of feces
Production of insulin
Digestion of proteins
Secretion of bile
A herringbone pattern, is a common radiographic sign for what pathology?
mechanical ileus
pneumothorax
osteoporosis
pleural effusion
What condition produces the “cobblestone” or “string” sign?
regional enteritis (Crohn’s disease)
ulcerative colitis
irritable bowel syndrome
celiac disease
What procedures of the GI tract are considered functional studies?
Small bowel series
Abdominal ultrasound
CT colonography
Liver biopsy
How many oz of barium is ingested for a Small Bowel Series?
16-oz cup
8-oz cup
24-oz cup
32-oz cup
How many hours must a patient be for a SBS
8
4
12
24
The tip of the catheter for an enteroclysis is placed at:
The duodenojejunal flexure
The stomach
The ileocecal valve
The rectum
What is a volvulus?
twisting of the intestine on its own mesentery
inflammation of the appendix
protrusion of an organ through the wall of the cavity
narrowing of the pyloric sphincter
What is intussusception?
telescoping, or invagination, of one part of the intestine into another
inflammation of the appendix
blockage of the bile duct
twisting of the stomach
What part of the small intestine is the longest? shortest?
Duodenum shortest, ileum longest
Ileum shortest, duodenum longest
Jejunum shortest, ileum longest
Duodenum shortest, jejunum longest
The tapered or corkscrew radiographic sign is characteristic for which pathology?
volvulus
intussusception
appendicitis
cholecystitis
What radiographic sign is viewed with adenocarcinoma of the large intestine?
“Napkin ring” or “apple core” sign
“Thumbprinting” sign
“Double bubble” sign
“Bird’s beak” sign
Which laxatives are considered irritants?
Castor oil
Psyllium husk
Docusate sodium
Lactulose
What pathology contraindicates the use of cathartics before a BE?
Obstruction
Diverticulosis
Ulcerative colitis
Irritable bowel syndrome
What are the proper breathing instructions for enema tip insertion?
Suspended expiration
Deep inhalation
Rapid exhalation
Breath holding
What is the direction for enema tip insertion?
toward the umbilicus
toward the left shoulder
toward the right hip
straight upward
What kVp is used for a double contrast BE?
90 to 100
50 to 60
110 to 120
70 to 80
Evacuative proctograms are most commonly performed on which patient demographic?
Children
Elderly men
Pregnant women
Adolescents
What type of enema tip is used during a colostomy barium enema?
double-contrast retention enema tip
rectal balloon catheter
Foley catheter
standard enema tip
What is the opening leading into the intestine for the patient with a colostomy is termed?
stoma
fistula
anastomosis
ileum
What should the height of the enema bag be?
24 inches
12 inches
36 inches
48 inches
What type of enema tip is recommended for a barium enema on an infant?
10 Fr, flexible silicone catheter
20 Fr, rigid plastic catheter
Rectal tube with inflatable balloon
Standard adult enema tip
What is the CR for a 1-hour small bowel radiograph?
2 inches above the iliac crest
At the level of the xiphoid process
At the level of the greater trochanter
At the level of the pubic symphysis
What is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?
the nephron
the alveolus
the neuron
the villus
What is the total capacity of the average adult bladder?
350 to 500 mL
100 to 200 mL
600 to 800 mL
900 to 1200 mL
Which term describes the act of voiding under voluntary control?
Urination
Filtration
Absorption
Secretion
What are the mucosal folds located within the urinary bladder are termed?
rugae
villi
plicae circulares
haustra
The left kidney is generally slightly lower, or more inferior, than the right.
True
False
Nonionic contrast agents vs. ionic contrast agents.
Ionic contrast agents create a hypertonic condition in the blood plasma as compared with ionic contrast agents.
Nonionic contrast agents have a higher osmolality than ionic contrast agents.
Ionic contrast agents are less likely to cause allergic reactions than nonionic agents.
Nonionic contrast agents dissociate into charged particles in solution.
Which contrast agents contain no positively charged cations?
Nonionic contrast agents
Ionic contrast agents
Paramagnetic agents
Barium sulfate
Which component of an ionic contrast media increases its solubility?
Cation
Anion
Iodine atom
Benzene ring
Which of the following occurs in many patients and is defined as an expected outcome to the introduction of iodinated contrast media?
Metallic taste in mouth and a temporary hot flash
Severe allergic reaction and anaphylaxis
Permanent kidney failure
Chronic cough
Metformin should be withheld for how many hour(s) following a contrast media procedure?
48
12
24
6
What is the normal creatinine level?
0.6 to 1.5
2.0 to 3.0
4.0 to 5.0
1.6 to 2.5
What is the normal BUN (blood urea nitrogen) level?
should not exceed 25 mg per 100 mL.
should not exceed 10 mg per 100 mL.
should not exceed 50 mg per 100 mL.
should not exceed 100 mg per 100 mL.
Which abdominal muscles run on each side of, and medial and posterior to, the kidneys?
Right and left psoas major
Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Transversus abdominis
What is the primary purpose of the premedication procedure before an iodinated contrast media study?
Reduces the severity of a possible contrast media reaction
Improves the image quality of the scan
Decreases the cost of the procedure
Shortens the duration of the examination
Which drug is often given before an IVU to reduce the risk of a contrast media reaction?
Benadryl and prednisone
Aspirin and ibuprofen
Metformin and insulin
Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid
What are symptoms of a mild reaction to contrast?
Itching
Severe chest pain
Loss of consciousness
Paralysis
What type of reaction includes tachycardia (>100 heartbeats/min) following a contrast media injection?
moderate
mild
severe
delayed
Laryngeal swelling following a contrast media injection is a part of what type of reaction?
severe
mild
delayed
local
What is Extravasation? Is it a local or systemic reaction?
local
systemic
metabolic
allergic
What is the recommended treatment protocol for extravasation?
Elevate the limb and apply cold compress.
Massage the area vigorously.
Apply heat and lower the limb.
Administer oral analgesics only.
What structure enables the kidneys to be visualized on plain abdominal radiographs?
Adipose capsule
Renal cortex
Renal medulla
Renal pelvis
What is a bolus injection?
rapid introduction of contrast agents into the vascular system
slow infusion of saline into the muscle tissue
oral administration of medication with water
application of ointment to the skin
What is the most common clinical indication for a postoperative (T-tube) cholangiogram?
Residual calculi.
Biliary atresia.
Cholangiocarcinoma.
Pancreatitis.
The patient must be NPO _____ hours (minimum) before a postoperative (T-tube) cholangiogram?
8
2
4
12
Can an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can either be a diagnostic or a therapeutic procedure?
True
False
Should a patient remain NPO a minimum of 8 hours following an ERCP?
True
False
The majority of ERCP procedures are performed by whom?
gastroenterologist
radiologist
surgeon
anesthesiologist
