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WorksheetsMidSemesterPrep for G8 (Model of Matter & Thermal Properties)
Total questions: 55
Worksheet time: 1hrs 7mins
A sealed football is left under the hot sun. After a while, the ball feels harder than before. What causes the increase in pressure inside the ball?
The ball is filled with helium, which is lighter than air.
The ball's surface absorbs moisture, making it feel harder.
The ball is made of a material that becomes denser in the heat.
The increase in temperature causes the air molecules inside the ball to move more, increasing the pressure.
In a physics experiment, Nessaj shines light on smoke particles under a microscope. The particles move in a zigzag, random way. What does this motion show about the air particles?
The air particles are stationary and do not interact with the smoke particles.
The air particles move in a straight line without any collisions.
The air particles are larger than the smoke particles and do not affect their motion.
The air particles are in constant motion and collide with the smoke particles.
Which describes the arrangement of particles in a solid?
very far apart and randomly arranged
closely packed together and randomly arranged
closely packed together in a regular pattern
Which describes the arrangement of particles in a liquid?
very far apart and randomly arranged
closely packed together and randomly arranged
closely packed together in a regular pattern
Which describes the arrangement of particles in a gas?
very far apart and randomly arranged
closely packed together and randomly arranged
closely packed together in a regular pattern
Which describes the movement of particles in a solid?
vibrate about fixed positions
move randomly at very high speeds
slide randomly past one another
Which describes the movement of particles in a liquid?
vibrate about fixed positions
slide randomly past one another
move randomly at very high speeds
Which describes the movement of particles in a gas?
move randomly at very high speeds
slide randomly past one another
vibrate about fixed positions
Which is arranged correctly from strongest to weakest intermolecular forces?
gas, liquid. solid
solid. liquid. gas
liquid, gas, solid
Why do solids have high densities?
They vibrate at fixed positions.
They have a fixed shape.
The particles in solids are closely packed together.
Why are gases compressible?
The particles have very weak intermolecular forces and move about randomly at very high speeds.
The particles are randomly arranged.
The particles are very far apart with very strong intermolecular forces.
A cup of water is heated up and its temperature increases. Which is correct about the change in movement of the water molecules?
The water molecules move more slowly.
The water molecules move faster.
There is no change in the speed of the water molecules.
When the temperature of matter increases, the particles _______.
move slower
keep moving at the same speed
move faster
not moving
A solid has a fixed shape and fixed volume because ...............
There is no intermolecular force to hold particles together
Week intermolecular force holds particles together
Strong intermolecular force holds particles together
A gas has no fixed shape and no fixed volume because ...............
There is a very weak intermolecular force to hold particles together
Week intermolecular force holds particles together
Strong intermolecular force holds particles together
What is the meaning of "random motion"?
the molecules are NOT able to travel
the molecules are traveling in a specific path
the molecules are traveling in unpredictable (NO specific) path
the molecules are traveling in some predicable path
What evidence is there for moving particles?
Brownian motion
Mass of an atom
An atom has a volume
An atom has nucleus and electrons
Brownian motion is ....................
The vibration of gas particles about a fixed point.
The stay still of gas particles in every state of matter
The random motion of gas particles in all directions
None of them
The name of process C can be .................
Melting
Evaporation
Condensation
Boiling
Sublimation
Temperature relates to ...................
average potential energy
average kinetic energy
Solar energy
average chemical energy
Melting is the process that ..............................
particles lose energy
particles gain energy
energy of particles unchange
None of them
A gas has .............. (it takes the shape of the container) and ............... volume.
fixed - fixed
fixed - no fixed
no fixed - no fixed
no fixed - fixed
A gas is stored in a sealed container of constant volume. The temperature of the gas increases. This causes the pressure of the gas to increase. What happens to the gas molecules during this pressure increase?
The average kinetic energy of the molecules increases.
The average separation of the molecules decreases.
The average separation of the molecules increases.
The volume of each molecule increases
The air in the bottle is heated by the Sun.
What is the effect on the average speed of the air molecules in the bottle, and the average distance between them?
A
B
C
D
Which of the following best describes the kinetic model of matter?
Matter is composed of large, visible particles that are always at rest.
Matter is composed of small particles that are in constant random motion.
Matter is composed of small particles that only move when heated.
Matter is composed of large particles that move in a predictable pattern.
In an experiment, a gas is heated in a sealed container. According to the kinetic model of matter, what happens to the particles of the gas?
The particles move slower and the pressure decreases.
The particles move faster and the pressure increases.
The particles stop moving and the pressure remains constant.
The particles move in a straight line and the pressure decreases.
Which real-world application relies on the principles of the kinetic model of matter?
The design of a refrigerator to keep food cold.
The use of a thermometer to measure temperature.
The functioning of a car engine to convert fuel into motion.
The operation of a wind turbine to generate electricity.
When it is cold the atoms move...
slow
fast
still
there are no atoms
What tool is used to measure temperature?
a balance
a thermometer
a hydroscope
a scale
The specific heat of platinum is 0.133 J/g°C. How much heat (∆E) is released when a 10 g piece of platinum cools from 100°C to 50°C?
66.5 J
665 J
0.0266 J
0.665 J
20 g of water. specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g°C. temperature changes from 25° C to 20° C, how much heat energy (∆E) moves from the water to the surroundings?
418 J
209 J
83 J
4.18 J
The SI units J/kg°C measures
Specific heat capacity
mass
temperature
heat energy
Copper, Stainless Steel, Carbon Steel, and Zinc were all heated using the same thermal energy. What material would be the coolest after being heated?
Copper
Carbon Steel
Zinc
Stainless Steel
Internal energy is made up of _________.
kinetic energy only
potential energy only
kinetic energy and potential energy
all sorts of energy
Which of the following terms identifies the change from a liquid to solid?
Melting
Condensation
Evaporation
Freezing
When the temperature of matter decreases, the particles _______.
speed up and move farther apart
speed up and move closer together
slow down and move farther apart
slow down and move closer together
Which statement is false about melting?
Energy is absorbed by substance from the surroundings
Change in state from solid to liquid
No change in the average kinetic energy of particles during melting
Energy is given out to form bonds between particles
What is heat capacity ?
The amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1K or 1°C
The amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a 1kg mass of substance by 1K or 1°C
The amount of thermal energy required to change a substance from liquid state to gaseous state without a change in temperature
The amount of thermal energy required to change 1kg of the substance from liquid state to gaseous state, without a change in temperature
What is the formula to calculate heat energy required to raise the temperature of any substance?
∆E=mc∆t
∆E=mc
∆E= ½mv
m=∆EC
What is Thermal expansion?
The transfer of thermal energy between materials by the collisions of particles
Is a decrease in a materials volume when temperature decreases
An increase in a materials volume when temperature increases
Amount of energy required to increase temperature
Which statement about evaporation is correct?
Evaporation causes the temperature of the remaining liquid to decrease.
Evaporation does not occur from a cold liquid near its freezing point.
Evaporation does not occur from a dense liquid, such as mercury
Evaporation occurs from all parts of a liquid.
The same quantity of thermal energy is supplied to two solid objects X and Y. The temperature increase of object X is greater than the temperature increase of object Y. Which statement explains this?
X has a lower melting point than Y.
X has a lower density than Y.
X has a lower thermal capacity than Y.
X is a better thermal conductor than Y.
Which statement describes what happens as ice at 0°C starts to melt to become water?
Energy is absorbed and the temperature remains constant.
Energy is absorbed and the temperature rises.
Energy is released and the temperature remains constant.
Energy is released and the temperature rises.
State three differences between boiling and evaporation
1) Temperature remains constant during boiling but decreases during evaporation
2) Evaporation does not occur at boiling point of liquid.
3) Evaporation only occurs on the surface while boiling occurs throughout the liquid
1) Evaporation occurs at any temperature while boiling occurs at fixed temperatures
2) Evaporation is a much slower process than boiling
3) Boiling causes air bubbles to appear and form on the surface but evaporation does not
1) Boiling causes air bubbles to appear and form on the surface but evaporation does not
2) Evaporation occurs at any temperature while boiling occurs at fixed temperatures
3) Evaporation is not a change of state, boiling is the change of state from liquid to gaseous state.
1) Evaporation does not require a gain in thermal energy for particles to evaporate.
2) Evaporation occurs at any temperature while boiling occurs at fixed temperatures
3) Boiling causes air bubbles to appear and form on the surface but evaporation does not
State what occurs during boiling/melting?
Internal Kinetic Energy increases, Internal Potential Energy decreases
Internal Kinetic Energy remains constant, Internal Potential Energy remains constant
Internal Kinetic Energy remains constant, Internal Potential Energy decreases
Internal Kinetic Energy remains constant, Internal Potential Energy increases
As temperature increases, what are the changes in internal energy?
Internal Kinetic Energy increases, Internal Potential Energy remains constant
Internal Kinetic Energy increases, Internal Potential Energy decreases
Internal Kinetic Energy increases, Internal Potential Energy increases
Internal Kinetic Energy decreases, Internal Potential Energy remains constant
What is heat capacity ?
The amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1K or 1°C
The amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a 1kg mass of substance by 1K or 1°C
The amount of thermal energy required to change a substance from liquid state to gaseous state without a change in temperature
The amount of thermal energy required to change 1kg of the substance from liquid state to gaseous state, without a change in temperature
How does evaporation help cool down objects?
1.Water molecules in the liquid move randomly and vary in kinetic energy, velocity and temperature.
2.More energetic water molecules at the surface gains thermal energy from the surroundings to overcome forces of attraction/break bonds between molecules and overcome atmospheric pressure.
3.Energetic water molecules escape into atmosphere as water vapour
4.Leaving less energetic water molecules behind,average kinetic energy of water decreases, average velocities decreases and reduces temp.
1.Water molecules in the liquid move randomly and vary in kinetic energy, velocity and temperature.
2.More energetic water molecules at the surface gains thermal energy from the surroundings to overcome forces of attraction/break bonds between molecules.
3.Leaving less energetic water molecules behind, kinetic energy of water decreases, velocities decreases and reduces temp.
What happens to the pressure of a gas in a sealed container if the volume is decreased while the temperature remains constant?
The pressure decreases.
The pressure fluctuates.
The pressure increases.
The pressure remains constant.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the boiling point of a liquid?
It remains constant regardless of pressure.
It increases with higher atmospheric pressure.
It is always lower than the melting point.
It decreases with higher atmospheric pressure.
When a substance changes from gas to liquid, what is the process called?
Melting
Freezing
Evaporation
Condensation
Akasha is making hot chocolate. She heats 250 g of milk (c = 4000 J/kg°C) from 25 °C to 70 °C.
How much heat energy must she supply?
A small pool contains 500 kg of water. During the day, the sun warms it from 20 °C to 25 °C. (c = 4200 J/kg°C)
Calculate the energy absorbed by the pool water.
A rice cooker heats water from 25 °C to 100 °C. Take c = 4200 J/kg°C. If the thermal energy required is 472500 J.
Calculate the mass of the water.
A research team is preparing for a trip to Antarctica. They bring a thermometer with a scale from –10 °C to 110 °C, filled with mercury. On the first day, the temperature drops to –50 °C. Can they use this thermometer to measure it?
