Paige is learning in her developmental psychology class about changes such as puberty and menopause that occur in a genetically programmed, sequential way. Her teacher asks, "What term did Arnold Gesell use to describe these patterns of change?"

Young Emily's parents are curious about her development and want to know: When does the period of middle childhood occur?

Steven is keeping track of the number of apples he picks each day. One day, he notices that the number of apples he picked has changed compared to the previous day. Which term best describes this change in amount?

Jayce learns in his developmental psychology class that for girls, puberty often begins with the onset of menstruation. Based on this, puberty could be considered a matter of:

Aria is thinking about when to go to college, get married, have children, and retire. Her sense of the “right time” for these life events is determined by her:

Michael notices that many people at his workplace assume older employees are less capable and often exclude them from important projects. What term is used for this general negative attitude about aging, typified by the belief that older persons are incompetent?

Elias grew up during the Israel–Palestine War of 2023, and his life experiences were shaped by this historical event. Variations in life experiences that are associated with a certain historical event, such as the Israel–Palestine War of 2023, can be considered:

Samantha moved to a new country and experienced changes in her life resulting from this unique, unshared event. Which term refers to changes like these?

Ella and Kyle are studying child development and learn that there may be significant periods in development when an organism is especially sensitive to the presence or absence of some particular kind of experience. This idea is referred to as a:

Kennedy moves to a new country and notices that the local people have unique traditions, language, and ways of celebrating holidays that have been passed down for generations. Which concept defines this system of meanings and customs shared by an identifiable group and transmitted across generations?

Olivia and Luke are interested in understanding how children grow and change over time. Which summary describes the goals of developmental science that they should focus on?

Hadley and Kaden are studying child development and come across sets of statements that propose general principles to explain how children grow and learn. These sets of statements are known as:

Which of the following is an example of naturalistic observation?

To learn about toy preferences, Professor Rabinowitz interviews Jorge, Lexi, and Viviana at a local preschool and uses their responses to draw conclusions about children's toy preferences in general. This is an example of ________ research.

Chase is analyzing the relationship between hours studied and exam scores. Which statement about correlations is correct?

Elijah is conducting an experiment to study the effects of long lectures on the sleeping behavior of college students. In Elijah's study, the dependent variable is:

Leonardo, Addison, and Patty are researchers who want to understand how memory changes with age. They recruit groups of children, teenagers, and adults and study all of them at the same time, comparing the results across these age groups. What type of research design are they using?

Kiyana is conducting a research study and collects sensitive information from participants. When publishing her findings, she ensures that no specific piece of information can be associated with any particular participant. This is a central part of which aspect of research ethics?

Darius participated in a study examining the effects of alcohol on long-term memory. Six months after his participation ended, he received a newsletter detailing the results of the study. The researchers were following the ethical guideline that mandates:

Emma suddenly feels an urge to eat a whole cake, even though she knows it’s not healthy and she hasn’t had dinner yet. According to Sigmund Freud, which part of everyone’s personality operates to satisfy such raw, primitive drives?

Haley is studying Sigmund Freud’s theory for her psychology exam. She wants to know the correct sequence of Freud’s psychosexual stages of personality development. Can you help her choose the correct order?

In their developmental psychology class, Sergio and Annalyse are discussing Erik Erikson’s developmental theory. They learn that the theory is called “psychosocial” because it involves the interaction of ________ and ________.

Emily was bitten by a small, spotted dog when she was a little girl. Now, whenever she sees a small dog approaching, she feels afraid. John B. Watson would say that Emily’s fearful reaction is a result of:

Samantha is reading about a famous experiment in which a child was conditioned to fear a white rat. Which psychologist conducted this study, known as the “Little Albert” experiment?

Abby is learning to play the piano. Abby is more likely to keep practicing if:

Kiyana is expected to clean her room and empty all the trash in the house. When Kiyana forgets her chores, she is grounded. Which principle has been appropriately applied if Kiyana remembers to do her chores after she was grounded?

Kennedy is training her dog to sit by giving it a treat only sometimes when it sits, rather than every time. Which strategy is Kennedy using that results in behaviors that are difficult to extinguish?

Claire is studying how people learn by observing others and modeling their behavior. She comes across a theory that emphasizes the importance of social influence and cognitive processes in learning. Which theorist is primarily responsible for developing the social-cognitive learning theory?

Three-year-old Colton watches as his older brother Luke reaches up to put his hand on the hot burner of a stove. Colton sees Luke recoil in pain and hears his frightened screams as he plunges his injured hand into cold water. For the rest of his life, Colton never put his hand on a stovetop burner, was never reinforced for not doing so, and in fact never had any direct experience with singed flesh or dangerous kitchen equipment, yet clearly some learning had taken place. What kind of learning did Colton experience?

Lexi is learning to play the guitar. According to social-cognitive theory, which term describes the expectations she acquires about what she can and cannot do?

Ella is studying how children develop their ability to think, remember, and use logic as they grow older. Which family of theories is concerned with the developmental aspects of thinking, memory, and logic?

Brody and Lorena are studying child development and want to understand the correct sequence of Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development. Which order should they follow?

Which example illustrates the term “conservation” according to Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?

During a classroom discussion, Audrey asks her teacher how scientists understand the way people think and solve problems. The teacher explains that information-processing theorists liken the human mind to

Olivia is studying for her exams and tries to remember a list of vocabulary words. Before she can store these words in her long-term memory, in which memory system are the words processed?

Landen is a scientist who wants to understand how genetics influence behavior. He decides to focus his research on a group that would best help him study this. Behavior genetics researchers have a particular interest in studying:

Layne is growing up in a community where the culture values respect for elders and education. According to bioecological theory, which context of development includes these values and beliefs?

Alessandra is growing up in an environment where she interacts daily with her family, attends school, participates in religious activities, and spends time in her neighborhood. According to bioecological theory, which context of development includes these variables to which Alessandra is directly exposed?

Three developmentalists were discussing theories in their field. “I endorse the psychoanalytic perspective,” said Jefferson, “because it gets at the core of human nature.” “Behaviorism and social-cognitive learning are correct,” replied Jorge. “We are what we do.” “It’s all about culture, man!” shouted Kaden. “That’s where it’s at!” “There are many perspectives in our field,” Steven said quietly, “and each of them has a piece of the truth.” Which approach is Steven advocating?

Adeline is learning about human reproduction in her developmental psychology class. She wonders, where does fertilization of the ovum take place in a typical pregnancy?

Kate is studying developmental psychology and wants to know how many pairs of chromosomes are found in the nucleus of most typical human cells. How many pairs of chromosomes does she find?

James is learning about human reproduction in his developmental psychology class. He discovers that after a sperm enters the ovum, these two cells fuse and become one cell. What is this cell called?

MyLee and Paige are twins and look exactly alike. A geneticist examines their DNA and finds that they are genetically identical. Which term would a geneticist use to describe them?

Antony has dark hair and dark eyes, even though his biological mother is fair-skinned. Antony’s hair and eye color are part of his

Jennifer and Blake notice that traits such as height and skin color in humans are influenced by several genes working together. What is the term for the pattern of inheritance in which multiple genes influence a trait?

Carlos and Gabriela are studying genetics and want to understand why some disorders are more common in males than in females. They learn that the genes responsible for these sex-linked disorders are found on which of the following?

During a developmental psychology class, Anika and Hadley learn about trisomy. What is this condition?

A group of women are discussing their chances of having a child with trisomy 21. Compared to the others, which person statistically has the greatest risk of bearing a child with trisomy 21?

Not long after Ashley found out she was pregnant, she began experiencing pain. When she visited her physician, she was informed that the zygote had implanted in her fallopian tube rather than in her uterus. What type of pregnancy is this?

Victoria is reading about pregnancy and learns that the prenatal period has different stages. She wonders: What is the first and shortest stage of the prenatal period called?

Mary and James are studying human development in their developmental psychology class. They want to know which sequence correctly lists the stages of prenatal development in order of progression. Which should they choose?

During a prenatal class, Misha asks the instructor about the term that refers to the ability of a fetus to survive outside the uterus. What is this term?

Victoria is building a model of the brain for her science project. She learns that certain entities act as the “glue” that holds neurons together and gives shape to the brain’s major structures. Which entities is Victoria learning about?

During a prenatal checkup, Adeline is curious about when her baby will be able to distinguish between familiar and novel stimuli. By which week of prenatal development does this ability typically emerge?

Jessica, who is pregnant, has been smoking an average of one pack of cigarettes per day. How is this likely to affect her fetus?

Jennifer is pregnant and visits her doctor for a routine checkup. The doctor uses high-frequency sound waves to scan Jennifer’s uterus and produce an image of her unborn baby. What is this process called?

Taylor is pregnant, and her doctor wants to check for possible genetic defects in her baby. The doctor decides to examine a small sample of fetal cells drawn by a needle inserted into the amniotic fluid. Which process is the doctor using?

Chloe and Alec are assisting in the delivery room and want to know which event defines the final stage of labor. Which event should they look for?

Blake is a nurse in the maternity ward. He is caring for a newborn who weighs less than a certain amount at birth. According to medical guidelines, low birth weight infants (LBW) are those who weigh less than: