WorksheetsPhysiology Unit 1 Final Review
Total questions: 86
Worksheet time: 53mins
How do organisms maintain homeostasis?
By only detecting stimuli
By only responding to stimuli
By detecting and responding to stimuli
By ignoring changes in the environment
At what levels is homeostasis maintained in organisms?
Only at the cellular level
Only at the organ system level
At both the organ system and cellular levels
Only at the tissue level
Which of the following best describes how feedback loops function in a system?
They use the input to signal a change in output
They use the output to signal a change in input
They prevent any changes in the system
They only amplify the system response
Which sequence best describes the positive feedback loop during human childbirth?
Hormones → Contractions → Pressure → Release of more hormones → More contractions → More pressure
Hormones → Pressure → Less contractions → Less pressure
Contractions → Hormones → Pressure → No further response
Pressure → Hormones → No contractions
Why is blood sugar regulation considered a negative feedback mechanism?
Because it increases blood sugar levels continuously
Because it causes a counter response to maintain blood sugar at a set point
Because it stops the production of insulin
Because it only works when blood sugar is low
Which component of a feedback loop is responsible for receiving the stimulus?
Effector
Response
Receptor
Stimulus
In a feedback loop, what is the response?
The sensory organ that receives the stimulus
The effect, caused by the stimulus
An organ that does the response
An action that evokes a response
When the body is too hot, which effectors are activated to help lower the temperature?
Muscles and capillaries
Sweat glands and capillaries
Kidneys and liver
Lungs and heart
Analyze the feedback loop for osmoregulation and explain what would happen if the hypothalamus-pituitary gland failed to detect changes in blood osmolality.
The kidneys would continue to regulate water normally
The body would be unable to properly retain or release water, leading to dehydration or overhydration
The heart would compensate by pumping faster
The liver would start producing ADH
Explain the role of the pancreas as a receptor in blood sugar regulation feedback loops.
It detects changes in blood glucose and signals effectors to respond.
It stores excess glucose as fat.
It absorbs glucose from the digestive tract.
It produces digestive enzymes only.
Which of the following statements about catalysts is TRUE?
Catalysts are always consumed in the reaction
Catalysts make reactions occur that cannot otherwise occur
Catalysts speed up reactions without being permanently altered
Catalysts are only found in non-living systems
Most biological catalysts are which type of molecule?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins (enzymes)
Nucleic acids
Which environmental conditions can affect enzyme function?
Light and sound
pH and temperature
Pressure and humidity
Wind and gravity
What is the main function of the selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?
To provide energy for the cell
To control what goes in and out of the cell
To produce proteins
To store genetic information
A student observes that over time, the concentration of CO₂ on one side of a membrane decreases while it increases on the other side. What process is most likely responsible for this observation?
Active transport
Simple diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Which of the following molecules would most likely require facilitated diffusion to cross the cell membrane?
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Large polar molecules
Small nonpolar molecules
How do transport proteins function as channels in facilitated diffusion?
They use ATP to pump molecules across the membrane
They allow specific molecules to pass through by providing a passageway
They break down molecules before transport
They store molecules for later use
Which of the following best describes the relationship between solute concentration and water concentration during osmosis?
High solute concentration means high water concentration
Low solute concentration means low water concentration
High solute concentration means low water concentration
Solute concentration does not affect water concentration
Based on the diagram, what happens to the water level on each side of the membrane over time during osmosis?
The water level stays the same on both sides
The water level increases on the side with more solute
The water level decreases on the side with more solute
The water level increases on the side with less solute
What does it mean when we say that cellular receptors are "highly specific"? *a ligand is any molecule that binds to a receptor
Only certain ligands bind certain receptors
All ligands can bind to any receptor
Receptors can change shape to fit any ligand
Receptors are only found in plant cells
A scientist is studying a new ligand that is large and polar. Based on your knowledge, which type of receptor is this ligand most likely to interact with? (hint: will the molecule go straight into the cell or be blocked by the membrane?)
Membrane receptor
Intracellular receptor
Nuclear receptor
Cytoplasmic enzyme
Where are most receptors embedded in the cell?
Nuclear membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Adrenaline is released from your adrenal glands to affect various systems in the body. This is an example of ____ signaling.
juxtacrine (direct cell to cell contact)
endocrine (long distance)
paracrine (short distance)
autocrine (self-signaling)
What type of signaling is shown here?
autocrine (self-signaling)
juxtacrine (direct cell-to-cell contact)
endocrine (long-distance)
paracrine (short distance)
Many cancer cells signal themselves to grow and divide. This is an example of ______ signaling.
endocrine (long distance)
autocrine (self-signaling)
paracrine (short distance)
hormone (long distance)
According to the diagram, if the levels of thyroxine increases, then
the level of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) will also increase
the Temperature will continue to increase
the level of TSH will decrease
the amount of thyroxine will increase
All signals and receptors are the same in all cells.
True
False
What type of active transport releases particles from inside the cell into outside of the cell by fusing a vesicle to the cell membrane, such as in release of neurotransmitters?
Exocytosis
Sodium-Potassium Pump
Facilitated Diffusion
Endocytosis
Large particles being encased in a vesicle and brought into the cell is an example of
endocytosis
exocytosis
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
If something goes down its concentration gradient it goes from
an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Active transport _______ and is the movement of a substance from _____ to _____ concentration, against the concentration gradient.
Ventral cavity that houses the lungs.
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic
Cranial
Lateral means what?
To the right
To the left
To the side
At the top
Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior?
Sagital
Coronal
Transverse
What is the highest level of organization of the human body?
Organism Level
Tissue Level
Cell level
What is the smallest functioning unit of an organism?
Tissue
Cell
Muscle
Collection of similar tissues that perform specific functions.
Organelle
Organ
Organism
Which cardinal plane is highlighted in red?
Parasagital
Midsagital
Coronal
Transverse
What type of view is this?
Midsagital
Transverse
Coronal
Protein synthesis occurs in which organelle?
Cilia
Nucleus
Ribosome
Mitochondira
The processes known as cellular respiration occurs where?
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Nucleolus
Lysosome
One of the key organelles involved in digestion and waste removal is
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Centriole
Cytoplasm
Which organelle receives proteins and materials from the ER, packages them and distributes them
Vacuoles
Golgi Bodies
Nucleus
Chromatin
what is the function of ribosomes
to assemble amino acids to create proteins
to pack proteins
to clean proteins
The control center of cell is
the nucleus
ribosomes
chromatin
Chromatin is
tiny strands inside the nucleus that contain the instructions for directing the cell's function
found inside the nucleus
needed to make proteins
Which of these are functions of the cytoskeleton?
It helps to maintain cell shape.
It provides a place for chemical reactions to occur.
It plays important roles in both the intracellular movement of substances and in cell division.
It holds organelles in place, and for some cells, it enables cell movement.
It creates new proteins, lipids, and other organic molecules
Which biomolecule makes up cell membranes?
Protein
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Nucleic acid
What is the function of proteins?
provides quick energy
stores energy
helps with growth and repair of tissues
stores genetic information
What biomolecules would help a bear withstand months of hibernation without eating?
Protein
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
What is the main function of epithelial tissues?
To protect underlying tissues and organs.
To produce hormones and enzymes.
To transport oxygen to the cells.
To provide structural support for the body.
Which type of connective tissue provides support and flexibility to various body parts?
skin
cartilage
bone
muscle
Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for voluntary movements?
Connective tissue
Skeletal muscle tissue
Cardiac muscle tissue
Smooth muscle tissue
What is the main function of nervous tissue?
Store and retrieve information
Produce and secrete hormones
Provide structural support
Transmit and process information
Which type of tissue covers the external surface of the body and lines internal organs and cavities?
connective tissue
muscle tissue
nervous tissue
epithelial tissue
Which tissue is found in the spinal cord?
nervous tissue
skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
Which of the following is connective tissue?
Bone
cartilage
blood
all of these
A group of cells that performs a specific function is organized as a _____.
organ
tissue
system
organelle
Identify this tissue.
bone
blood
cardiac muscle
Identify this muscle tissue.
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
Which shows the levels of organization in multicellular organisms from simplest to most complex?
Organ system, organ, tissue, specialized cell
specialized cell, tissue, organ, organ system
cell, molecule, tissue, organ system
organ system, tissue, cell, molecule
The human stomach makes and secretes specialized proteins to help break down food and move it farther along the digestive system. What types of tissues would you expect to make up this organ?
epithethial tissue only
epithethial & connective tissues only
epithethial, connective, & muscle tissues only
All four types of tissue are present like in most organs
Stem cells are ____________________.
cells that grow uncontrollably
undifferentiated cells that can turn into other types of cells
the first cells of a new living organism (fertilized egg)
specialized cells that do one job
During the process of differentiation
all sections of DNA are activated to determine the structure of a body cell
ONLY ONE section of DNA are deactivated to determine the structure of a body cell
only specific sections of DNA sequence are activated to determine the structure and functions of a body cell
Which cell is specialized by having lots of mitochondria for energy and protein fibers for movement?
skin cell
nerve cell
blood cell
muscle cell
What does it mean if the cell is in an isotonic solution?
The solute concentration outside the cell is equal to the solute concentration inside the cell
The concentration of solute outside the cell is higher than inside the cell.
The concentration of solute outside the cell is lower than inside the cell.
What will happen to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution solution?
Water will enter the cell
Water will leave the cell
Water will enter and leave the cell at the same rate
Based on the scenario, what kind of solution is the cell in?
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Based on the scenario, what kind of solution is the cell in?
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
What is the movement of particles with the concentration gradient using protein "helpers"?
diffusion
facilitated diffusion
active transport
enzymatic reactions
Diffusion is a form of __________ transport.
Passive
Active
Easy
Free
This picture is a representation of what type of transport?
Osmosis because it is diffusing through a protein from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
Facilitated diffusion because it is diffusing through a protein from an area of high concentration to low concentration (passive)
Facilitated diffusion because it is diffusing through a protein from an area of low concentration to high concentration (active)
Simple diffusion because it is diffusing through a protein from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
Which of the following statements is correct?
The chin is superior (cranial) to the navel.
The navel is medial to the chin
The navel is superior (cranial) to the chin.
The navel is lateral to the chin.
Which of the following statements is correct?
The heart is posterior (dorsal) to the spine.
The breastbone is posterior (dorsal) to the spine.
The breastbone is anterior (ventral) to the spine.
The heart is anterior (ventral) to the breastbone.
Active transport of solutes across the cell membrane requires (a) because molecules are moved against the (b) , meaning from (c) concentration . For example, when mangrove trees use salt (d) to secrete salt from their roots.
Match the following forms of active transport.
moving large materials into the cell from low to high
Endocytosis
moving large materials out the cell from low to high
Exocytosis
moving ions
across the cell membrane in opposite directions
Sodium/Potassium Pump
