WorksheetsFixatives and Staining Techniques Quiz
Total questions: 49
Worksheet time: 25mins
Ideal amount of the fixative:
1 – 2X the volume of the specimen
5 – 10X the volume of the specimen
10 – 15X the volume of the specimen
10 – 20X the volume of the specimen
All of the following are microanatomical fixatives, EXCEPT:
10% Formalin
Zenker’s solution
Bouin’s solution
Flemming’s fluid
Best fixative for the nervous system:
Formalin fixative
Permanganate fixative
Lead fixative
Chromate fixative
Fixative of choice for the preservation of fats:
Helly’s fluid
Newcomer’s fluid
Newcomer’s fluid
Formalin
Helly’s fluid is exactly the same as in Zenker’s fixative, but instead of GLACIAL ACETIC ACID, what component is added:
Mercuric chloride
Potassium dichromate
Sodium sulfate
Formalin
Fixative recommended for fixing small pieces of liver, spleen, connective tissue fibers and nuclei:
Zenker’s fluid
Orth’s fluid
Heidenhain’s Susa solution
Regaud’s fluid
Excellent microanatomic fixative for pituitary gland, bone marrow and blood containing organs such as spleen and liver:
Bouin’s solution
Helly’s fluid
Carnoy’s fluid
Flemming’s solution
All mercurial fixing solutions lead to the formation in tissues of diffuse BLACK granules and these mercury deposits must be removed BEFORE STAINING. Removal of mercuric chloride deposit is accomplished by:
Saturated solution of iodine
Sodium thiosulfate
Distilled water
Saturated solution of picric acid
Considered to be the MOST RAPID fixative/ recommended for fixing chromosomes, lymph glands and urgent biopsies:
Gendre’s fixative
Carnoy’s fluid
Newcomer’s fluid
Flemming’s solution
Fixatives used mainly for acid mucopolysaccharides:
Lead fixatives
Mercurial fixatives
Chromate fixatives
Picric acid fixatives
Most widely used fixative for electron microscopy:
Acetone
Zenker’s fluid
Osmium tetroxide
Trichloroacetic acid
The process of decalcification is best performed:
Before fixation
After fixation
After impregnation
None of these
Most ideal and most reliable method of determining extent of decalcification:
Physical test
Chemical test
X-ray or radiological test
Adsorption test
The fastest chemical solution in decalcifying tissues is:
Trichloroacetic acid
Nitric acid
Formic acid
Versene
All of the following remove intracellular and extracellular water from the tissue following fixation, EXCEPT:
Alcohol
Chloroform
Tetrahydrofuran
Dioxane
A TOXIC dehydrating agent, primarily employed for blood and tissue films and for smear preparation:
Ethyl alcohol
Methyl alcohol
Butyl alcohol
Isopropyl alcohol
Function/s of tetrahydrofuran:
Dehyrating agent
Clearing agent
Both of these
None of these
Excessive exposure to this clearing agent may be extremely toxic to man and may become carcinogenic or it may damage the bone marrow resulting to APLASTIC ANEMIA:
Xylene
Benzene
Tetrahydrofuran
Toluene
Process whereby the clearing agent is completely removed from the tissue and replaced by a medium that will completely fill all the tissue cavities:
Embedding
Infiltration
Blocking
Casting
Simplest, most common and best embedding medium for routine tissue processing:
Paraffin wax
Ester wax
Celloidin
Carbowax
A semi-synthetic wax used for embedding the eyes:
Paraplast
Bioloid
Ester wax
Carbowax
The DRY celloidin embedding method is employed chiefly for the:
Bones and teeth
Large brain blocks
Whole organs
Eyes
All of the following are substitutes for paraffin wax, EXCEPT:
Paraplast
Embeddol
Malinol
Tissue Mat
Melting point of ester wax:
56-57oC
46-48oC
54-58oC
50-54oC
The last container through which tissue pass through in an automatic tissue processor contains:
Paraffin
Xylol
Formalin
Alcohol
Microtome knife recommended for frozen sections or for cutting extremely hard and tough specimens embedded in paraffin blocks, using a base-sledge type or sliding microtome:
Plane-concave knife
Plane-wedge knife
Biconcave knife
None of these
Removal of gross nicks on the knife edge:
Honing
Stropping
Both of these
None of these
Removal of “burr” or irregularities on the knife edge:
Honing
Stropping
Both of these
None of these
Angle formed between the cutting edge of the microtome knife (27o-32o):
Bevel angle
Clearance angle
Both of these
Neither of these
Angle formed between the surface of the block and the cutting edge of the knife (0o-15o):
Bevel angle
Clearance angle
Both of these
Neither of these
This type of microtome easily cuts large blocks and serial sections can be obtained with ease because larger knives can be used:
Sliding
Rotary
Rocking
Freezing
The cryostat is an apparatus used in fresh tissue microtomy. It consists of a microtome, kept inside a cold chamber which has been maintained at a temperature of:
20oC
-20oC
4oC
-4oC
A tissue exposed to short burst of CARBON DIOXIDE for a few minutes will:
Freeze
Harden
Dehydrate
Fix
Fat cells and enzymes are best demonstrated in:
Paraffin section
Plastic embedded section
Celloidin section
Frozen section
When trimming tissue block, they must be surrounded by at least __ of wax.
1 mm
2 mm
3 mm
4 mm
Thickness of paraffin sections for routine histologic procedures:
10-15 μ
4-6 μ
0.5 μ
5-10 μ
The following methods are done for drying sections on slide, EXCEPT:
On a hot plate at 45-55oC for 30-45 minutes
On a Bunsen flame
In an incubator at 37oC for 3 hours
In a wax oven at 56-60oC for 2 hours
Most probable cause when clearing agent turns milky as soon as the tissue is placed in it:
Incomplete fixation
Prolonged fixation
Incomplete dehydration
Prolonged dehydration
It is added to Mayer’s egg albumin to prevent the growth of molds:
Sodium chloride
Glycerol
Thymol crystals
Powdered starch
Adhesive added to the water in the floating-out bath – most convenient alternative to direct coating of slides:
Plasma
Gelatin
Starch paste
Dried albumin
To avoid distortion of the image, the refractive index of the mountant should be near as possible to that of the glass which is:
1. 581
1.185
1.518
1.155
Deparaffinization of tissue sections is accomplished by passing through:
Ammonia water
Acetone
Alcohol
Xylol
Coverslips from slides may be removed by immersion in:
Ammonia water
Acetone
Alcohol
Xylol
Process by which sections are stained with simple aqueous or alcoholic solutions of the dye:
Progressive staining
Regressive staining
Direct staining
Indirect staining
A tissue-mordant-dye complex is needed in:
Progressive staining
Regressive staining
Direct staining
Indirect staining
With this staining technique, the tissue is first overstained, and the excess stain is removed or decolorized from unwanted part of the tissue:
Progressive staining
Regressive staining
Direct staining
Indirect staining
The regressive staining method employs this procedure:
Deparaffinization
Clearing
Differentiation
Dehydration
Accelerate or hasten the speed of the staining power and selectivity of the dye:
Oxidizing agents
Acid differentiators
Accentuators
Mordants
Substances which aid in attaching a stain or dye to the tissue:
Oxidizing agents
Acid differentiators
Accentuators
Mordants
