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Fixatives and Staining Techniques Quiz

Total questions: 49

Worksheet time: 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Ideal amount of the fixative:

a)

1 – 2X the volume of the specimen

b)

5 – 10X the volume of the specimen

c)

10 – 15X the volume of the specimen

d)

10 – 20X the volume of the specimen

2.

All of the following are microanatomical fixatives, EXCEPT:

a)

10% Formalin

b)

Zenker’s solution

c)

Bouin’s solution

d)

Flemming’s fluid

3.

Best fixative for the nervous system:

a)

Formalin fixative

b)

Permanganate fixative

c)

Lead fixative

d)

Chromate fixative

4.

Fixative of choice for the preservation of fats:

a)

Helly’s fluid

b)

Newcomer’s fluid

c)

Newcomer’s fluid

d)

Formalin

5.

Helly’s fluid is exactly the same as in Zenker’s fixative, but instead of GLACIAL ACETIC ACID, what component is added:

a)

Mercuric chloride

b)

Potassium dichromate

c)

Sodium sulfate

d)

Formalin

6.

Fixative recommended for fixing small pieces of liver, spleen, connective tissue fibers and nuclei:

a)

Zenker’s fluid

b)

Orth’s fluid

c)

Heidenhain’s Susa solution

d)

Regaud’s fluid

7.

Excellent microanatomic fixative for pituitary gland, bone marrow and blood containing organs such as spleen and liver:

a)

Bouin’s solution

b)

Helly’s fluid

c)

Carnoy’s fluid

d)

Flemming’s solution

8.

All mercurial fixing solutions lead to the formation in tissues of diffuse BLACK granules and these mercury deposits must be removed BEFORE STAINING. Removal of mercuric chloride deposit is accomplished by:

a)

Saturated solution of iodine

b)

Sodium thiosulfate

c)

Distilled water

d)

Saturated solution of picric acid

9.

Considered to be the MOST RAPID fixative/ recommended for fixing chromosomes, lymph glands and urgent biopsies:

a)

Gendre’s fixative

b)

Carnoy’s fluid

c)

Newcomer’s fluid

d)

Flemming’s solution

10.

Fixatives used mainly for acid mucopolysaccharides:

a)

Lead fixatives

b)

Mercurial fixatives

c)

Chromate fixatives

d)

Picric acid fixatives

11.

Most widely used fixative for electron microscopy:

a)

Acetone

b)

Zenker’s fluid

c)

Osmium tetroxide

d)

Trichloroacetic acid

12.

The process of decalcification is best performed:

a)

Before fixation

b)

After fixation

c)

After impregnation

d)

None of these

13.

Most ideal and most reliable method of determining extent of decalcification:

a)

Physical test

b)

Chemical test

c)

X-ray or radiological test

d)

Adsorption test

14.

The fastest chemical solution in decalcifying tissues is:

a)

Trichloroacetic acid

b)

Nitric acid

c)

Formic acid

d)

Versene

15.

All of the following remove intracellular and extracellular water from the tissue following fixation, EXCEPT:

a)

Alcohol

b)

Chloroform

c)

Tetrahydrofuran

d)

Dioxane

16.

A TOXIC dehydrating agent, primarily employed for blood and tissue films and for smear preparation:

a)

Ethyl alcohol

b)

Methyl alcohol

c)

Butyl alcohol

d)

Isopropyl alcohol

17.

Function/s of tetrahydrofuran:

a)

Dehyrating agent

b)

Clearing agent

c)

Both of these

d)

None of these

18.

Excessive exposure to this clearing agent may be extremely toxic to man and may become carcinogenic or it may damage the bone marrow resulting to APLASTIC ANEMIA:

a)

Xylene

b)

Benzene

c)

Tetrahydrofuran

d)

Toluene

19.

Process whereby the clearing agent is completely removed from the tissue and replaced by a medium that will completely fill all the tissue cavities:

a)

Embedding

b)

Infiltration

c)

Blocking

d)

Casting

20.

Simplest, most common and best embedding medium for routine tissue processing:

a)

Paraffin wax

b)

Ester wax

c)

Celloidin

d)

Carbowax

21.

A semi-synthetic wax used for embedding the eyes:

a)

Paraplast

b)

Bioloid

c)

Ester wax

d)

Carbowax

22.

The DRY celloidin embedding method is employed chiefly for the:

a)

Bones and teeth

b)

Large brain blocks

c)

Whole organs

d)

Eyes

23.

All of the following are substitutes for paraffin wax, EXCEPT:

a)

Paraplast

b)

Embeddol

c)

Malinol

d)

Tissue Mat

24.

Melting point of ester wax:

a)

56-57oC

b)

46-48oC

c)

54-58oC

d)

50-54oC

25.

The last container through which tissue pass through in an automatic tissue processor contains:

a)

Paraffin

b)

Xylol

c)

Formalin

d)

Alcohol

26.

Microtome knife recommended for frozen sections or for cutting extremely hard and tough specimens embedded in paraffin blocks, using a base-sledge type or sliding microtome:

a)

Plane-concave knife

b)

Plane-wedge knife

c)

Biconcave knife

d)

None of these

27.

Removal of gross nicks on the knife edge:

a)

Honing

b)

Stropping

c)

Both of these

d)

None of these

28.

Removal of “burr” or irregularities on the knife edge:

a)

Honing

b)

Stropping

c)

Both of these

d)

None of these

29.

Angle formed between the cutting edge of the microtome knife (27o-32o):

a)

Bevel angle

b)

Clearance angle

c)

Both of these

d)

Neither of these

30.

Angle formed between the surface of the block and the cutting edge of the knife (0o-15o):

a)

Bevel angle

b)

Clearance angle

c)

Both of these

d)

Neither of these

31.

This type of microtome easily cuts large blocks and serial sections can be obtained with ease because larger knives can be used:

a)

Sliding

b)

Rotary

c)

Rocking

d)

Freezing

32.

The cryostat is an apparatus used in fresh tissue microtomy. It consists of a microtome, kept inside a cold chamber which has been maintained at a temperature of:

a)

20oC

b)

-20oC

c)

4oC

d)

-4oC

33.

A tissue exposed to short burst of CARBON DIOXIDE for a few minutes will:

a)

Freeze

b)

Harden

c)

Dehydrate

d)

Fix

34.

Fat cells and enzymes are best demonstrated in:

a)

Paraffin section

b)

Plastic embedded section

c)

Celloidin section

d)

Frozen section

35.

When trimming tissue block, they must be surrounded by at least __ of wax.

a)

1 mm

b)

2 mm

c)

3 mm

d)

4 mm

36.

Thickness of paraffin sections for routine histologic procedures:

a)

10-15 μ

b)

4-6 μ

c)

0.5 μ

d)

5-10 μ

37.

The following methods are done for drying sections on slide, EXCEPT:

a)

On a hot plate at 45-55oC for 30-45 minutes

b)

On a Bunsen flame

c)

In an incubator at 37oC for 3 hours

d)

In a wax oven at 56-60oC for 2 hours

38.

Most probable cause when clearing agent turns milky as soon as the tissue is placed in it:

a)

Incomplete fixation

b)

Prolonged fixation

c)

Incomplete dehydration

d)

Prolonged dehydration

39.

It is added to Mayer’s egg albumin to prevent the growth of molds:

a)

Sodium chloride

b)

Glycerol

c)

Thymol crystals

d)

Powdered starch

40.

Adhesive added to the water in the floating-out bath – most convenient alternative to direct coating of slides:

a)

Plasma

b)

Gelatin

c)

Starch paste

d)

Dried albumin

41.

To avoid distortion of the image, the refractive index of the mountant should be near as possible to that of the glass which is:

a)

1. 581

b)

1.185

c)

1.518

d)

1.155

42.

Deparaffinization of tissue sections is accomplished by passing through:

a)

Ammonia water

b)

Acetone

c)

Alcohol

d)

Xylol

43.

Coverslips from slides may be removed by immersion in:

a)

Ammonia water

b)

Acetone

c)

Alcohol

d)

Xylol

44.

Process by which sections are stained with simple aqueous or alcoholic solutions of the dye:

a)

Progressive staining

b)

Regressive staining

c)

Direct staining

d)

Indirect staining

45.

A tissue-mordant-dye complex is needed in:

a)

Progressive staining

b)

Regressive staining

c)

Direct staining

d)

Indirect staining

46.

With this staining technique, the tissue is first overstained, and the excess stain is removed or decolorized from unwanted part of the tissue:

a)

Progressive staining

b)

Regressive staining

c)

Direct staining

d)

Indirect staining

47.

The regressive staining method employs this procedure:

a)

Deparaffinization

b)

Clearing

c)

Differentiation

d)

Dehydration

48.

Accelerate or hasten the speed of the staining power and selectivity of the dye:

a)

Oxidizing agents

b)

Acid differentiators

c)

Accentuators

d)

Mordants

49.

Substances which aid in attaching a stain or dye to the tissue:

a)

Oxidizing agents

b)

Acid differentiators

c)

Accentuators

d)

Mordants