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WorksheetsPopulation Issues & Challenges revision quiz
Total questions: 54
Worksheet time: 27mins
What country does this population pyramid represent?
Bangladesh
Japan
Australia
Nigeria
Refer to the population pyramid diagram. Bangladesh
Japan
Australia
Nigeria
Bangladesh
Bangladesh has a population of approximately how many people in 2025?
90 million
125 million
173 million
210 million
The issue of Rapid urbanisation in Bangladesh contributes to which challenge?
Increase in employment
Rural flooding
Increase in child marriage
Expansion of slums
What is Bangladesh’s TFR (approximately)?
3.7
2.1
1.9
1.3
What geographic feature increases Bangladesh’s vulnerability to floods and cyclones?
Its mountainous terrain
Its location on the floodplains of three rivers
Its desert landscape
Its tropical forests
What is “population momentum”?
The effect of migration balancing out birth and death rates
A continuing population increase due to a large base of young people, even if TFR is below replacement level
The rate of urbanisation in Dhaka
The balance between TFR and contraceptive use
How many people move to Dhaka daily, on average?
200
2,000
10,000
50,000
Dhaka’s population could reach how many by 2035?
15 million
20 million
25 million
30 million
What proportion of Dhaka’s slum dwellers fled environmental shocks?
20%
40%
50%
70%
Which of the following is a major economic pull factor for rural-urban migration in Bangladesh?
Cheap housing in Dhaka
Greater availability of jobs in informal sector
Better healthcare in cities
Eviction from slums
What is the name of Dhaka’s largest and oldest slum, with a population of over 100,000?
Banani
Gulshan
Korail
Chittagong
BRAC’s Ultra-Poor Graduation Initiative reached how many households between 2002–2018?
200,000
500,000
1.9 million
10 million
What percentage of married women (15–49) in Bangladesh use modern contraceptives in 2024?
30%
45%
59%
75%
Is the rural TFR in Bangladesh:
Higher than the urban TFR
Lower than the urban TFR
About the same
Which of the following shows the link between education and TFR globally?
Girls with 7 years of schooling marry later and have 2.2 fewer children
Boys’ education reduces TFR by half
Education raises TFR in developed countries
Education has no proven impact on TFR
What is the leading reason over 50% of girls in Bangladesh drop out of school before completing Year 10?
Poverty
Marriage-related reasons
Lack of teachers
Distance to schools
What is a key factor stopping many poor families investing in girls’ education in Bangladesh?
Lack of textbooks
Dowry payments upon marriage
High transportation costs
Fear of urban migration
What percentage of girls in Bangladesh are married by the age of 18?
24%
35%
51%
60%
Which group is most affected by child marriage in Bangladesh?
Urban boys
Rural girls
Rural boys
Urban girls
Which of the following is NOT an activity in BRAC adolescent clubs?
Self-defence and sports
Peer mentorship and safe spaces
Financial education
Free housing programs
MICS collects what type of specialised data?
Weather patterns
Sporting statistics
Geo-located household data
International trade figures
How does UNICEF use GIS data in relation to child marriage?
To broadcast advertisements on TV
To monitor rates and attitudes across different regions
To fund dowries in rural areas
To provide vocational training to boys
Which factor MOST contributes to the persistence of child marriage in Bangladesh?
Globalisation
Cultural and religious beliefs
Shortage of schools in Dhaka
Climate change
What defines a hyper-aged society?
More than 10% aged 65+
More than 14% aged 65+
More than 20% aged 65+
More than 50% aged 65+
What two factors primarily lead to an ageing population?
Migration & natural disasters
Falling fertility rates & increased life expectancy
Urbanisation & industrialisation
Poverty & poor healthcare
Why are ageing populations sometimes described as a human success story?
They represent high immigration
They result from better health, education, and economic growth
They show population decline is under control
They reduce dependency ratios
What does the age dependency ratio measure?
Ratio of men to women
Ratio of children + elderly to working-age population
Ratio of rural to urban populations
Ratio of married to unmarried people
In Japan, the old-age dependency ratio is projected to reach what by 2050?
1 dependent per 2 workers
1 dependent per worker
2 dependents per worker
1 dependent per 3 workers
What is the demographic dividend?
When more dependents exist than workers
When a high fertility rate creates growth
When working-age population share is larger, boosting economic growth
When migration boosts a population
Why does the demographic dividend not last forever?
Workers eventually age into dependency
Migration stops over time
Birth rates permanently increase
Governments restrict growth
Japan’s population peaked in:
1950
1970
2010
It hasn’t yet peaked
Which is NOT a factor that has contributed to Japan’s very high life expectancy?
Healthy diet including lots of fish and rice, low in sugar
Culture of active retirement, physically and in the community
High level of public health investment
Greater access to cutting edge gaming technology
Which is not a Challenge related to the issue of low immigration in Japan?
A history of resistance to immigration
Not enough jobs to satisfy foreign worker demand
High barriers in immigration policy
Unattractive choice for skilled foreign workers
What was the main challenge to the success of the response ‘womenomics?’
Not ambitious enough
Didn’t address cultural attitudes towards women in the workplace
Didn’t increase childcare places
No financial incentives for fathers to take leave
What is Japan’s current Total Fertility Rate (TFR) approximately?
2.1
1.2
1.7
0.9
Why do later marriages contribute to low fertility in Japan?
Reduces number of reproductive years
Increases education
Encourages immigration
Improves economy
What percentage of Japanese women stop working permanently after their first child?
20%
40%
70%
90%
“Karoshi” is a phenomenon in Japan. What does this refer to?
Death by overwork
Population decline
Retirement at 60
Birth outside marriage
What percentage of Japanese babies are born out of wedlock (to unmarried parents)?
2%
15%
34%
40%
What proportion of women 16–24 in Japan report being uninterested in or despising sexual contact?
10%
25%
45%
60%
What are “parasite singles”?
Elderly without pensions
Young adults living rent-free with parents into their 30s
Unemployed married couples
Foreign workers on short visas
How many hours per day do Japanese men spend on housework (average)?
10 minutes
23 minutes
1 hour
2 hours
What percentage of Japan’s population is ethnic Japanese?
65%
85%
98%
100%
How many foreign workers were in Japan in 2023?
1 million
2 million
5 million
10 million
Japan’s net migration rate (2024) was:
5 per 1000
2 per 1000
0.9 per 1000
10 per 1000
What is one consequence of shrinking rural cities?
More schools
More vacant houses
More young families
Expanding suburbs
What is a major challenge linked to hyper-ageing?
Wages decreasing
Not enough workers to fill jobs
Lower need for aged care
Rising fertility
What was the aim of the Plus One Policy (2009)?
Encourage families to grow by one child
Reduce retirement age
Increase by one foreign worker per Japanese person
Increase paid parental leave by one year
What was the Womenomics target for female leadership roles by 2020 (which was scaled back from a higher target originally)?
5%
10%
15%
30%
What percentage of elder-care institutions in Japan reported using robots, according to a 2019 study?
5%
10%
25%
50%
Why are robots considered limited in effectiveness in elderly care?
They are too fast
They cannot read emotions and body language effectively
They cannot be maintained
They may gain hyper-intelligence and turn against their masters
When is Japan’s census conducted, which collects detailed information on societal attitudes, age profiles, TFR and more?
Every year
Every 5 years
Every 10 years
Every 20 years
What mapping system does the Statistics Bureau of Japan use as a geospatial tech to assist with monitoring its ageing population?
Satellite images
GIS grid squares
Hand-drawn maps
GPS
