WorksheetsPatho Unit 2
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 25mins
Stimulus is to _____ as response is to _____.
Stressor;morbidity
Chronic;acute
Event; change
Cells;Organs
Which stimulus is MOST likely a stressor?
intaking food
walking
listening to music
getting cold
Which condition is necessary for the process of adaptation?
recurring stimuli
environmental stability
resistance
pathogenesis
Which phrase BEST describes an example of a maladaptation?
A runner develops larger leg muscles after weeks of working out
a walker gets tired after walking five miles and twists their ankle
a snowboarder becomes hungry while practicing on the slopes
a student finds it easier to climb the stairs on campus after using them for a few weeks
A doctor sees a patient with an acute skin rash. After the doctor examines the patient and determines the rash’s severity, what else must they know before they can say whether the rash is “chronic”?
symptoms
duration
morbidity
pathogenesis
A public health official has prepared a report on mortality data. Which type of information would MOST likely be included in such a report?
prevalence of illness in the given population
percentage of tests for an illness that is positive
number of deaths per unit of population
total incidence of disease across all groups
Acute is to _____ as chronic is to _____.
disease;death
events;stressors
change;illness
short;long
Four students were asked about their science studies and the topics that interested them the most. Which student is MOST interested in pathophysiology?
"Understanding how disease forms in the body"
"Identifying how we respond to our environment"
"Explaining the relationship between health and DNA"
"Finding new mechanisms for health the body"
Which phrase BEST describes the phenomenon of exacerbation?
when an acute illness becomes a chronic disease
when a stressor reactivates a disease or condition in the body
when the rate of disease surpasses the rate of death in a population
when structures in the cell no longer perform their function
Which phrase BEST describes an example of a chronic, but not acute, illness?
a patient who had a neck injury experiencing pain
a patient hospitalized with appendicitis
a patient with COPD who has been a long-time smoker
a patient who had COVID and is experiencing symptoms for a few weeks.
Four students were asked the same question: how many cells are in the human body? Which student is the CLOSEST to correct?
We are built from more than 3 billion cells in the body
The human body consists of over a trillion individual cells
Our body consists of nearly 600 million cells, in a variety of types
In the human body we have over 30 trillion cells, roughly
By which mechanism does the human body manage water inside the cells?
phospholipids
ribosomal messaging
eukaryotic cell transfer
pathogenesis
Which structure results when multiple phospholipids join together?
nucleus
bilayer
chain
passageway
Which structure allows specific molecules to enter or exit a cell?
bilayer
phosphate
passageway
phospholipd
Which structure(s) inside the cell manages the entrance and exit of specific molecules?
cytoplasm
phosphates
nulceus
organelles
Which term describes a cell with a nucleus?
Organelle
eukaryotic
phospholipid
pathogenic
Which structure inside the cell manages the replication of protein from RNA?
bilayers
nucleus
ribosomes
vesicle
Which structure inside the cell manages the production of proteins?
bilayers
nucleus
phophates
lipids
Which phrase BEST describes the role of cholesterol in creating a cell’s structure?
copies DNA to RNA
transports ligands
binds membranes
creates protein
Which term is also used to describe the gate-like structures in our cells?
lipids
phosphates
nucleic acid
channels
A health official announced that the effects of a flu strain on the local community had only been exacerbated by the cold weather. In this example, what does exacerbated mean?
strengthened
mitigated
weakened
identified
Which type of receptor would be MOST likely to be affected by a cold room?
chemoreceptors
cheanoreceptors
thermoreceptors
nociceptors
Which type of receptor would be MOST likely to be affected by a bright light?
photoreceptors
mechanoreceptors
thermoreceptors
nociceptors
Which is necessary for the function of ligands?
ribosomes
chemical receptors
phospholipids
channels
Four students were asked to give an example of how a ligand might act on cells at the local level. Which answer is CLOSEST to correct?
Ligands at the local level may be responsible for mechanisms such as hormone regulation.”
“At a local cellular level, ligands provide self-regulation through blood-borne messengers.”
“Ligands may act at the local level to create new, adjacent cells of the same type.”
“Ligands may provide activation at the local level if no other method is available.”
Four students were asked to give an example of how a ligand might act on distant cells. Which answer is CLOSEST to correct?
“Ligands may act on distant cells by replicating themselves to create adjacent cellular structures.”
“Ligands may act on distant cells by instructing them to create new cells of the same type.”
“Ligands may provide activation on distant cells if no other method is available.”
“Ligands can provide self-regulation of distant cells through blood-borne messengers.”
Ligand is to a receptor as a _____ is to a _____.
response; stimulus
Key; lock
nucleus; cell
replica; original
Which type of receptor would be MOST likely to be affected by a serious cut?
Chemoreceptors
mechanoreceptors
thermoreceptors
nociceptors
Which type of receptor would be MOST likely to be affected by a piece of chocolate cake?
chemoreceptors
mechanoreceptors
thermoreceptors
nociceptors
Which phrase BEST describes the concept of maladaptive changes?
environmental stressors
changes to the receptors themselves
unhealthy challenges
damage due to cell aging
Which type of cellular product is considered to be the MOST versatile?
sugars
fats
carbohydrates
proteins
Cells are to _____ as tissues are to ____.
tissues; organs
proteins; phospholipids
ligands; messengers
thermoreceptors; nociceptors
Four students were asked the same question: how many types of cells are in the human body? Which answer is the CLOSEST to correct?
We are built from more than 8,000 types of cells
“In the human body, we have about 200 cell types, roughly.”
“The body consists of cells made from over a billion unique types.”
Humans are made of nearly 100 million cells of four types.”
Which phrase BEST describes the function of skeletal muscle?
carrying electricity to a target cell
enabling motion of various parts of the body
supporting vessels and tracts
transporting blood through the heart
Which phrase BEST describes the function of cardiac muscle?
carrying electricity to a target cell
enabling motion of various parts of the body
supporting vessels and tracts
transporting blood through the heart
Four students were asked the same question: What is the function of smooth muscles? Which student provides the BEST response?
Carrying electrical signals to a target cell.”
“Enabling motion in various parts of the body.”
“Supporting vessels and tracts.”
“Moving blood through the heart.”
Which phrase BEST describes the function of nervous tissue?
carrying electricity to a target cell
enabling motion of various parts of the body
supporting vessels and tracts
transporting blood through the heart
Which characteristic of epithelial tissue makes it particularly useful to the body?
its ability to produce proteins
its rapid rate of replication
its role in electrical signaling
its adaptability of cell type
Which cell type includes endocrine cells?
connective
cardiac
epithelial
muscle
Bone tissue and blood are examples of which type of tissue?
connective
cardiac
epithelial
muscle
In addition to protein fibers and ground substances, which is another component of connective tissue?
lipid bilayers
specialized cells
cholesterol
bone matter
In addition to ground substances and specialized cells, which is another component of connective tissue?
bone cells
cholesterol
protein fibers
lipid bilayers
Which step in the cell activation process occurs LAST?
nucleic acid response to the activated receptor
receptor activation by the ligand
ligand delivery to the cell
cellular expression of nucleic acid
Which step in the cell activation process occurs FIRST?
igand delivery to the cell
nucleic acid response to the activated receptor
receptor activation by the ligand
cellular expression of nucleic acid
Morbidity is to _____ as mortality is to _____.
causes; factors
disease; death
chronic; acute
stressor; stimulus
Not all stressors are bad.
true
false
Non-infectious diseases may be studied under the microscope.
true
false
Both DNA and RNA are involved in the function of cells.
True
false
Cells are not capable of making their own ligands
True
False
Epithelial cells do not allow substances to pass through them.
True
False
