Effective measures employed by radiation workers to safeguard patients, personnel and the general public from unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation defines:

The degree to which the diagnostic study accurately reveals the presence or absence of disease in the patient defines which of the following terms?

Which of the following increases radiation exposure for both the patient and the radiographer?

To implement an effective radiation safety program in a facility that provides imaging services, the employer must provide all of the following except

Occupational and nonoccupational doses will remain well below maximum allowable levels when

When an imaging procedure is justified in terms of medical necessity, diagnostic efficacy is achieved when optimal radiographs revealing the presence or absence of disease are obtained with

Effective radiation protection measures take into consideration

Radio waves, microwaves, visible light and x-rays are forms of electromagnetic waves

When radiographers use their knowledge to answer a patient's questions about the risk of radiation exposure honestly, they can do much to alleviate the patient's apprehension during a routine radiologic exam.

Which of the following is a method that can be used to answer patient questions about the amount of radiation received from a radiographic procedure?

The term optimization for radiation protection (ORP) is synonymous with the term:

An effective radiation safety program requires a firm commitment to radiation safety by:

Ionizing radiation has both a beneficial and a destructive potential.

Healthy normal biologic tissue cannot be injured by ionizing radiation; therefore it is not necessary to protect humans against a significant and continuous exposure.

X-rays are a form of ionizing radiation; therefore, their use in medicine for the detection of disease and injury requires protective measures.

To safeguard patients, personnel and the general public, effective radiation protection measures should always be employed when performing diagnostic imaging procedures.

Radiation exposure should always be kept ALARA to minimize the probability of any potential biologic damage.

It is not necessary that referring physicians justify the need for every radiation procedure; nor is it their responsibility for the protection of the patient from ionizing radiation.

The benefits of exposing patients to ionizing radiation should far outweigh any slight risk of inducing radiogenic cancer or genetic effects after irradiation.

An equivalent dose as low as 0.25 Sv (25 rem) delivered to the whole body may cause which of the following within a few days?

Which of the following is a radiation quantity that attempts to take into account the variation in biologic harm that is produced by different types of radiation?

Which of the following is a naturally occurring process by which instability of the nucleus is relieved through various types of nuclear spontaneous emissions?

Ultraviolet radiation, visible light, infrared rays, microwaves and radio waves are considered nonionizing because they:

Gamma rays and xrays are considered ionizing because they:

The millisievert (mSv) is a subunit of the sievert, is equal to which of the following:

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom constitutes the atomic number or Z number.

The sievert (Sv) is the SI unit of EqD.

Particulate radiations do not vary in their ability to penetrate matter.

Efd enables the calculation of the EqD.

If emitted from a radioisotope deposited in the body (i.e. in the lungs), alpha particles cannot be absorbed in epithelial tissue and therefore are not damaging to that tissue.

Which form of particulate radiation is being demonstrated by the letter "A"?

Which form of particulate radiation is being demonstrated by the letter "B"?

Ionizing radiation produces energy/particles that can cause biologic damage on molecular, cellular and organic levels in humans.

Both occupational and nonoccupational dose limits are expressed as effective dose.

True or False: Sievert (Sv) and rem are the units of equivalent dose and effective dose.

Which of the following are natural sources of ionizing radiation?

Which of the following is the total average annual effective dose from manmade and natural radiation?

Humans are continuously exposed to sources of ionizing radiation.

The quantity of terrestrial radiation present in any area depends on the composition of the soil or rocks in that geographic area.

Medical radiation procedures account for:

Radon accounts for approximately what percentage of the gross common exposure to humans from natural background radiation?

Which of the following places humans in closer contact with extraterrestrial radiation?

What do airport surveillance systems; false porcelain teeth and luminous dial watches have in common?

Any radiation exposure that does not benefit a person in terms of diagnostic information obtained or does not enhance the quality of a radiologic examination is called:

Radioactive elements in the earth's crust and in the human body may be classified as:

Medical radiation exposure from the use of diagnostic x-ray machines and radiopharmaceuticals collectively accounts for approximately what amount of the average annual individual effective dose of ionizing radiation?

Which of the following commonly used building materials contain(s) radon?

Some people are exposed to a wide variety of sources of ionizing radiation; whereas others are exposed to a limited number.

Nonsmokers exposed to high radon levels have a higher risk of developing lung cancer than do smokers.

The solar contribution to the cosmic ray background decreases during periods of high sunspot activity.

________ in the soil and air add to the human radiation dose burden.

The intensity of cosmic rays varies with altitude relative to the earth's surface. The ________ intensity occurs at high altitudes, and the ________ intensity occurs at sea level.

The EPA considers ________ to be the second leading cause of ________ cancer in the U.S.

In total, the radon, cosmic ray radiations & terrestrial and internally deposited radionuclides that comprise the natural background radiation in the U.S. result in an estimated average annual individual equivalent dose of approximately 2.95mSv (295mrem).