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Biggest Bio Quiz Ever Made On Earth

Total questions: 194

Worksheet time: 3hrs 59mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following genotypes is homozygous recessive?
a)
RR
b)
Rr
c)
rr
d)
None of the Above
2.
Brown (B) is dominant over white (b). Which genotype is a purebred for brown fur?
a)
BB
b)
Bb
c)
bb
d)
All of the above
3.
Which of the following genotypes is homozygous recessive?
a)
RR
b)
Rr
c)
rr
d)
None of the Above
4.
Brown (B) is dominant over white (b). Which genotype is a purebred for brown fur?
a)
BB
b)
Bb
c)
bb
d)
All of the above
5.
Which of the following terms refers to the different possibilities of a gene?
a)
chromosome
b)
DNA
c)
Punnett Squares
d)
allele
6.
If something is heterozygous, it is also...
a)
purebred
b)
hybrid
c)
dominant
d)
recessive
7.
True/False: Different genotypes can code for the same phenotype.
a)
True
b)
False
8.
This image shows a...
a)
Punnett Square
b)
Phenotype
c)
Genotype
d)
Dominant allele
9.
What does a Punnett Square help you do?
a)
Determine the ratio of phenotypes
b)
Determine the ratio of genotypes
c)
Predict possible traits the offspring will have
d)
All of the above
10.
Purple is dominant to white. A heterozygous purple flower is crossed with a white flower. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?
a)
100% Pp (purple)
b)
50% Pp (purple); 50% pp (white)
c)
75% Pp (purple); 25% pp (white)
d)
25% PP, 50% Pp, 25% pp
75% purple, 25% white
11.
If a pea plant were homozygous recessive for height, how would its alleles be represented?
a)
TT
b)
Tt
c)
tt
d)
tT
12.
If green is dominant over purple, then what is the genotype for this individual?
a)
Purple
b)
Green
c)
GG
d)
gg
13.

Linkage on a single chromosome violates Mendel’s law of

a)

independent assortment.

b)

segregation.

c)

dominance.

d)

genetic determinism.

14.

The figure shows the inheritance pattern of red-green colorblindness in a family. The inheritance pattern is consistent with a(n) _______ allele. The phenotype of individual A’s _______ will be most informative in determining whether she is a carrier.

a)

autosomal dominant; sons

b)

autosomal dominant; daughters

c)

sex-linked; sons

d)

sex-linked; daughters

15.

Suppose a phenotype was due to a mutation in a mitochondrial gene. Which of the following patterns would you expect to see?

a)

The mutant phenotype would be more likely in males than in females.

b)

The mutant phenotype would be more likely in females than in males.

c)

Females that have the mutant phenotype would pass it on to their sons but not to their daughters.

d)

Affected individuals would all have affected mothers.

16.

A single gene has 3 or more alternative forms. These are called

a)

heterozygotes

b)

multiple alleles

c)

epistatic

d)

polygenic

17.
In mice, the homozygous mice are black and white. The heterozygous mice are gray. What pattern of inheritance is expressed in fur color in mice?
a)
complete dominance and recessiveness
b)
co-dominance
c)
incomplete dominance
d)
pleiotropy
18.
In humans, if a non-disjunction event leads to an individual that is XXY, they would
a)
be female because they have 2 X chromosomes
b)
be male because they have a Y chromosome
c)
not survive
d)
have both male and female characteristics
19.
If a female was a carrier for sex-linked color blindness, what percentage of her male children would also be color blind?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
20.
A man who has a sex-linked allele will pass it on to
a)
all his daughters
b)
all his sons
c)
1/2 of his daughters
d)
1/2 of his sons
21.
In a pedigree, what shape represents a male?
a)
circle
b)
square
c)
triangle
d)
diamond
22.
How many individuals are there in the 3rd generation?
a)
2
b)
3
c)
4
d)
6
23.
What type of heredity is shown in the pedigree?
(hint: check your notes - "modes of inheritance")
a)
Sex-Linked Dominant
b)
Sex-Linked Recessive
c)
Autosomal Dominant
d)
Autosomal Recessive 
24.
When a starfish grows a new body off a broken arm, what kind of reproduction is this?
a)
Sexual
b)
Differentiation
c)
Asexual 
d)
Specialization
25.
Where does an off spring get its traits in asexual reproduction?
a)
From both parents
b)
From only one parent
c)
From neither parent
d)
There are no traits handed down
26.
What percentage of chromosomes are handed down by a sperm cell?
a)
75%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
27.
Sexual reproduction requires _____ parents and asexual reproduction requires ___ parents
a)
1,1
b)
2,2
c)
2,1
d)
1,2 
28.
What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?
a)
Allows genetic variation
b)
Only needs one parent
c)
Happens very quickly
d)
Offspring are exact copies of parent
29.
What is one disadvantage of sexual reproduction?
a)
Only one parent needed
b)
Off spring are exact copies of parents
c)
Happens very quickly
d)
Needs two parents
30.
Which is a type of Asexual Reproduction
a)
Sexual 
b)
Binary fission
c)
Cells 
d)
organism 
31.

All of the offspring of an organism have the same genetic material, which is identical to the parent organism. From this, we can conclude that this organism -

a)

makes its own food

b)

is unicellular

c)

live in a marine habitat

d)

reproduces asexually

32.
When comparing the offspring of sexually and asexually reproducing organisms, we would expect the genetic material (DNA) of the sexually reproducing organism to -
a)
contain fewer mutations
b)
be lesser in quantity
c)
be simpler overall
d)
show more variation
33.
What are some of the facts about asexual reproduction?
a)
Takes only one mate to reproduce and takes a longer time to reproduce
b)
Takes a shorter amount of time to reproduce and it takes two mates to reproduce
c)
Reproduces diverse offspring and takes a longer time to reproduce
d)
Takes only one mate to reproduce and takes a shorter time to reproduce
34.

Sexual reproduction

a)

involves two parents

b)

fusion of two gametes

c)

promotes variation

d)

involves division of a single cell to create a copy

35.

Are chemical messengers

a)

enzymes

b)

hormones

c)

DNA

d)

protein

36.

Progesterones

a)

prevent pregnancy

b)

prevent abortion

c)

maintains pregnancy

d)

relax pelvic ligaments

37.

Gametes are

a)

cells

b)

haploid

c)

reproductive cells

d)

diploid

38.

Which hormone causes the corpus luteum to develop after ovulation & secrete progesterone?

a)

FSH

b)

Estrogen

c)

LH

d)

Oxytocin

39.

Describe the levels of progesterone & FSH during the first few days of the menstrual cycle.

a)

Progesterone remains and FSH are both low.

b)

Progesterone is low, and FSH begins to increase.

c)

Progesterone increases but FSH remains low.

d)

Progesterone and FSH both increase. Progesterone and FSH both increase.

40.

The placenta provides:

a)

Nutrients and oxygen

b)

Nutrients and warmth

c)

Oxygen and comfort

d)

Oxygen and growth

41.

Monotremes:

a)

Give birth to their young and nourish them with milk

b)

Lay soft shelled eggs and provide nourishment through milk

c)

Lay hard shelled eggs, their young are independent

d)

Lay hard shelled eggs and provide nourishment through milk

42.

Two advantages of internal fertilisation are:

a)

More protection against outside environments and predators and limited amount of offspring produced at one time

b)

Selection of mate, increased risk of sexually transmitted infections

c)

More protection against outside environments and predators and increase chance gametes meet

d)

Nutrients provided to offspring, more genetic variation

43.

The graph depicts changes in hormones throughout the menstrual cycle. Identify phase a,b & c correctly

a)

A is the Follicular phase, B is ovulation and C is Luteran phase

b)

A is the luteal phase, B is ovulation and C is follicular phase

c)

A is ovulation, B is luteal phase, C is follicular phase

d)

A is follicular phase, B is ovulation and C is luteal phase

44.

Which hormone causes the uterine lining to thicken?

a)

Oestrogen

b)

Progesterone

c)

Follicle stimulating hormone

d)

Lutenising hormone

45.

High levels of oestrogen stimulates a sudden spike in LH and FSH. What major events occur when LH and FSH spikes?

a)

Menstruation

b)

Conception

c)

Ovulation

d)

Corpus Lutuem

46.

Which two hormones control the development of the follicle and the corpus lumen and ovulation?

a)

FSH(follicle stimulating hormone) & LH (luteinizing hormone)

b)

Oestrogen and progesterone

c)

Oestrogen and FSH

d)

Progesterone and LH

47.

Two hormone released by the ovaries?

a)

Progesterone and LH

b)

Oestrogen and FSH

c)

FSH(follicle stimulating hormone) & LH (luteinizing hormone)

d)

Oestrogen and progesterone

48.

How many chromosomes do the sperm and ovum contribute to create the zygogte?

a)

33 each

b)

46 each

c)

23 each

d)

13 each

49.

Where does fertilization occur?

a)

Uterus

b)

Cervix

c)

Vanginal canal

d)

Fallopian tube

50.

A zygote is:

a)

The ovum

b)

A hormone involved in reproduction

c)

The cells which divide via mitosis

d)

The union of two gametes (the sperm cell and the egg cell)

51.

Identify the correct order of a woman's reproductive cycle :

a)

Progesterone and oestrogen stimulate follicle development, follicle secretes increasing amount of FSH, surge of LH causes ovulation, corpus luteum implants in uterine wall

b)

FSH and LH stimulate ovulation, follicle secretes increasing amount of oestrogen, surge of LH causes menstuaton, corpus luteum secretes progesterone and oestrogen

c)

FSH and LH stimulate follicle development, surge of LH causes ovulation, follicle secretes increasing amount of oestrogen, corpus luteum secretes progesterone and oestrogen

d)

FSH and LH stimulate follicle development, follicle secretes increasing amount of oestrogen, surge of LH causes ovulation, corpus luteum secretes progesterone and oestrogen

52.
In a population of bears, the frequency of q is 0.44. What is the frequency of p?
a)
0.1936
b)
0.44
c)
0.56
d)
0.22
53.
In a population of cats, short hair is dominant to long hair. If 16 percent of a breeder’s cats have long hair, what is the frequency of the recessive allele (q)?
a)
0.16
b)
0.84
c)
0.4
d)
0.8
54.
In a population of humans, the frequency of no dimples is 0.36. If having no dimples is the recessive phenotype, what is the frequency of the recessive allele?
a)
0.6
b)
0.36
c)
0.64
d)
0.18
55.
If the frequencies are as follows in a population with a total size of 150: f(BB)=0.16, f(Bb)=0.48, and f(bb)=0.36, determine the expected numbers of organisms with genotype BB. 
a)
24
b)
72
c)
54
d)
150
56.

In preparation for an electrophoresis procedure, enzymes are added to DNA in order to

a)

convert the DNA into gel

b)

cut the DNA into fragments

c)

change the color of the DNA

d)

produce longer sections of DNA

57.

Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments on the basis of which property?

a)

size

b)

color

c)

functions

d)

chromosomes

58.
Which DNA fragment bands move faster and farther in a gel electrophoresis? 
a)
there is no way to tell 
b)
the largest ones
c)
the smallest ones
d)
none of these
59.

Which suspect should be charged with the crime?

a)

Suspect 1

b)

Suspect 2

c)

Suspect 3

d)

None of these suspects

60.

A special protein that targets a specific base sequence and cuts DNA into smaller fragments is a(n)

a)

Gene

b)

DNA Probe

c)

Exon

d)

Restriction Enzyme

61.

A method of separating DNA fragments according to their size and charge using an electric current passed through a gel containing samples is called

a)

Chromosome

b)

DNA Probe

c)

Electrophoresis

d)

Restriction Enzyme

62.
Which male is the father of this child?
a)
Male 1
b)
Male 2
c)
Neither could be the father
d)
Either could be the father
63.

What enzyme is used to copy DNA

a)

Ligase

b)

Helicase

c)

Primase

d)

Polymerase

64.

A PCR reaction that continues for 30 cycles will produce approximately how many PCR products from a single template DNA molecule?

a)

64

b)

128,000

c)

around a million

d)

around a billion

65.

DNA has a _________ charge.

a)

positive

b)

opposite

c)

negative

d)

attractive

66.
This image is an example of which DNA Technology process?
a)
PCR
b)
Blotting
c)
Gel Electrophoresis
d)
Cloning
67.

A map that shows the positions of genes on a chromosome based on the frequency of crossing-over between the genes is called _______.

a)

Linkage Map

b)

Chromosomal map

c)

Non-Linkage map

d)

None of the above

68.

Due to _____, certain traits do not demonstrate independent assortment.

a)

Linkage

b)

Crossing-over

c)

Mutation

d)

None of the above

69.

Genes present on sex chromosomes are called:

a)

Sex linked genes

b)

Sex influenced genes

c)

Autosomal genes

d)

None of the above

70.

The genes for red hair and light skin are usually inherited together, meaning they are linked, and close together on the same ____________.

a)

Gene

b)

Chromosome

c)

pedigree

d)

none of the above

71.

Chromosomes are coiled structures made of DNA and proteins called

a)

nucleotides

b)

histones

c)

carogen

d)

chitin

72.

Which one is found in males only?

a)

Y chromosome

b)

X chromosome

c)

Both A and B

d)

None of the above

73.

What is/are the goal(s) of the Human Genome Project?

a)

To identify all of the genes within the human genome sequence.

b)

To identify the sequence of all of the DNA base pairs in the human chromosomes.

c)

Both A and B

d)

None of the above

74.

Due to hunting, the population of Northern elephant seals was reduced to 20 individuals at the end of the 19th century. Since then, their population has since rebounded to over 30,000.

What is the most likely long-term effect of hunting on the elephant seal population?

a)

The population has allele frequencies similar to those in the original population.

b)

The population is more likely to survive disease.

c)

The population contains high allelic diversity.

d)

Individuals are genetically similar to each other.

75.

What mechanism of evolution occurs when allele frequencies change over generations due to random chance?

a)

Genetic drift

b)

Mutation

c)

Natural selection

d)

Gene flow

76.

What is the only way to create brand new alleles in an isolated population?

a)

Mutation

b)

Natural selection

c)

Genetic drift

d)

Nonrandom mating

77.

A volcano explodes and destroys half of an island. Any creature that happened to be on the north part of the island is now dead. This has changed the allele frequencies randomly. This is probably...

a)

Genetic drift

b)

Gene flow

c)

Natural selection

d)

Volcanic mutation

78.
What mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Frameshift 
79.
Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?
a)
Insertions only
b)
Substitution only
c)
Deletion only
d)
Insertions and Deletions
80.
What type of chromosomal mutation has occurred?
a)
substitution
b)
insertion
c)
deletion
d)
nondisjunction
81.
What type of chromosomal mutation has occurred?
a)
substitution
b)
insertion
c)
deletion
d)
nondisjunction
82.

A mutation in which only one nucleotide is altered is called a:

a)

Frameshift Mutation

b)

Deletion Mutation

c)

Point Mutation

d)

Insertion Mutation

83.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
84.

A mutation is defined as:

a)

A change in the cell's structure

b)

Anything that changes in an embryo

c)

Any change in the physical features of a human

d)

A change in the DNA sequence

85.
What mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Frameshift 
86.
Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations so harmful?
a)
They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
b)
They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
c)
They often delete things that organisms need.
d)
Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.
87.
Identify the DELETION mutation form the following: 
ATG CCA AAT
a)
ATG TCA AAT
b)
ATG CCT AAA T
c)
ATC CA  AT
d)
ATG CCA AAT
88.
The survival of a species depends on its ability to adapt to changes in the environment. Which statement correctly describes a way that mutations increase the likelihood that a species will survive in a changing environment?
a)
Mutations are a source of variation in the species
b)
Mutations are the cause of disease in the species
c)
Mutations are not harmful when they occur in somatic cells
d)
Mutations are always passed on to subsequent generations
89.
Which mutation will cause translation to stop? 
a)
Mutations 1 and 3 only
b)
Mutation 1 only
c)
Mutation 2 only
d)
Muations 1, 2, 3
90.

Genetic mutations can be...

a)

beneficial, harmful, or neutral

b)

beneficial only

c)

harmful only

d)

neutral only

91.

Would a mutation in the DNA of a skin cell be passed on to an organism's offspring?

a)

Yes, because any change to the DNA is passed on to the offspring

b)

Maybe. Sex cells only use half of the body's genetic code. It might get the copy of a gene that wasn't mutated.

c)

No. Only mutations that occur in the gametes (sex cells) are passed on to the offspring

d)

Without knowing the animal, it would be hard to tell whether or not the mutation would be passed on.

92.
How are mutations passed on to offspring?
a)
Any somatic mutation that an organism acquires in its life can be passed on to the offspring through its gametes (sex cells)
b)
Only germline mutations that occur in the gametes are passed on to the offspring
c)
Mutations are not usually passed on to the offspring. A mutation stays within the original organism.
d)
Mutations are not passed to offspring. They only occur within developing embryos.
93.
Cigarette smoke, toxic waste, Ultraviolet radiation, and other environmental agents that cause mutations, are called:
a)
Mutagenic ooze
b)
mutagens
c)
carcinoma
d)
flatulents
94.
Point mutations include silent, missense, and nonsense mutations. Which one of these is a mutated codon code for a different amino acid?
a)
Missense
b)
Silent
c)
Nonsense
d)
Zipper
95.
Are all mutations bad?
a)
Yes
b)
No
96.
occur in cells of the body, mutations may have little effect on the organism because they are confined to just one cell and its daughter cells, cannot be passed onto offspring.
a)
frameshift mutation
b)
somatic mutation
c)
mutagen
d)
chromosomal alteration
97.
Anything in the environment that can cause a mutation
a)
frameshift mutation
b)
chromosomal alteration
c)
mutation
d)
mutagen
98.
occur in gametes, can be transmitted to offspring and every cell in the offspring will have the mutation
a)
mutation
b)
germline mutation
c)
chromosomal alteration
d)
frameshift mutation
99.

Mutations that involve parts of or all of

a chromosome

a)

Replication

b)

Deletion Mutation

c)

Chromosomal Mutation

d)

Transcription

100.

Part of a chromosome

is deleted

a)

Deletion Mutation-Gene

b)

Translocation

c)

Deletion Mutation -Chromosomal

d)

Crossing Over

101.

Part of a chromosome

is deleted

a)

Deletion Mutation-Gene

b)

Translocation

c)

Deletion Mutation -Chromosomal

d)

Crossing Over

102.

Part of a chromosome is reversed.

a)

Inversion Mutation

b)

Deletion Mutation

c)

Translocation

d)

Point Mutation

103.

Part of one chromosome is transported and attached

to a non-homologous chromosome

a)

Inversion Mutation

b)

Translocation Mutation

c)

Duplication Mutation

d)

Point Mutation

104.

Failure of homologous chromosomes

to separate during meiosis.

Results in gametes with either one extra or one missing chromosome.

a)

Translocation

b)

Nondisjunction

c)

Replication

d)

Transcription

105.

Condition caused by nondisjunction at pair 21 during meiosis.

Individuals have an extra chromosome

at pair 21, or a total of 47 chromosomes.

Also called Trisomy 21.

a)

Cystic Fibrosis

b)

Translocation

c)

Hemophilia

d)

Down Syndrome

106.
A virus killed most of the seals in the North Sea (e.g. dropped the population from    8000 to 800).  In an effort to help preserve the species, scientists caught 20 of the   remaining seals and used them to start a new population in the northwest Pacific   Ocean.  Which of the following statements would accurately describe the new   population?  
a)
The new seal population is genetically less diverse than the original population 
b)
The new seal population is genetically more diverse than the original population
c)
There is equal genetic variety compared  to the original population 
d)
None of the answers
107.
Genetic drift is change in the allele frequency of a population due to...
a)
random chance
b)
natural selection
c)
non-random mating (sexual selection)
d)
artificial selection
108.
 Genetic Drift is more likely to happen in... 
a)
aquatic populations
b)
small populations
c)
terrestrial populations
d)
older populations
109.
This mechanism of evolution occurs when populations migrate.
a)
Extinction
b)
Gene flow
c)
Genetic drift
d)
Natural Selection
110.
Which of the following cannot introduce new alleles into a population's gene pool?
a)
Mutataion
b)
Natural selection
c)
Gene Flow
d)
All of the above introduce new alleles into the population
111.
The type of genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by a small group of individuals is called
a)
the Hardy-Weinberg principle
b)
the founder effect
c)
directional selection
d)
the bottleneck effect
112.
Which of the following is an example of the founder effect?
a)
Bald Eagles are hunted until near extinction, population recovers.
b)
Small group of iguanas floats to an island, starts a new population.
c)
Red fox pups are more likely to survive in a snowy environment if they are born white.
d)
Farmer chooses seeds from largest apples to plant next year.  This results in larger apples from year to year.
113.
Which of the following is an example of the bottle neck effect?
a)
Bald Eagles are hunted until near extinction, population recovers.
b)
Small group of iguanas floats to an island, starts a new population.
c)
Red fox pups are more likely to survive in a snowy environment if they are born white.
d)
Farmer chooses seeds from largest apples to plant next year.  This results in larger apples from year to year.
114.
Which of the following must occur for speciation to happen?
a)
gene flow
b)
reproductive isolation
c)
genetic drift
d)
bottleneck effect
115.
Genetic drift is change in the allele frequency of a population due to...
a)
random chance
b)
natural selection
c)
non-random mating (sexual selection)
d)
artificial selection
116.
The model below shows a how populations of organisms can change. Which of the   following concepts is best illustrated by this demonstration?                                          
a)
 Evolution of a predatory species
b)
Genetic drift 
c)
 Environmentally induced genetic mutations 
d)
Gene flow 
117.

Malaria is a disease in humans caused by a single-celled Plasmodium species. It is transmitted by female mosquitoes. Which of the following is true for malaria?

a)

Both Plasmodium and the mosquito are vectors

b)

Both Plasmodium and the mosquito are pathogens

c)

The mosquito is the vector and Plasmodium is the pathogen

d)

The mosquito is the pathogen and Plasmodium is the vector

118.

Citrus canker is a bacterial disease that originates in south-east Asia and affects citrus fruit. What would be the most effective way to prevent the disease from spreading into or across Australia?

a)

Monitor citrus trees and fruit continuously.

b)

Certify orchards before fruit is transported.

c)

Keep citrus trees and fruit entering Australia in quarantine stations until the incubation period has passed.

d)

Inspect citrus trees and fruit entering Australia in quarantine stations before transportation across Australia.

119.

What does the body produce in response to a vaccine?

a)

Antigens

b)

Antibiotics

c)

Antibodies

d)

Activated toxin

120.

Which of the following is part of the innate immune response?

a)

Antibodies

b)

Phagocytes

c)

Stomach acid

d)

B lymphocytes

121.

Two types of bacteria were isolated from a patient’s throat swab and grown in pure culture on separate agar plates. On each plate there were FOUR different antibiotic discs, W, X, Y and Z. The photograph shows the plates seven days later. Which antibiotic should be used to treat the patient?

a)

W

b)

X

c)

Y

d)

Z

122.

A group of islands are separated from each other by large stretches of water. Each island has its own policy on quarantine. A nearby country is experiencing an outbreak of an infectious disease in its cattle. An investigation is to be designed to find which of the quarantine policies operating on the islands is the most effective. Which of the following would be a suitable design feature of the investigation?

a)

The control is the smallest island.

b)

The control is the number of infected cattle.

c)

The independent variable is quarantine policy.

d)

The independent variable is the number of infected cattle.

123.

Howard Florey conducted a breakthrough experiment in the development and use of antibiotics. He infected eight mice with Streptococcus bacteria. Four mice were given penicillin and survived while the four untreated mice died. What conclusion could be drawn from the data obtained?

a)

The experiment should be repeated with more mice.

b)

The use of penicillin causes antibiotic resistance in mice.

c)

Penicillin may be used on humans safely to treat bacterial infections.

d)

Penicillin may have played a role in the survival of the four treated mice

124.

Streptomycin is an antibiotic that kills bacteria by interfering with the function of their ribosomes. The primary effect of the antibiotic is that it prevents the bacteria from producing

a)

tRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

amino acids.

d)

polypeptides

125.

The human PRNP gene codes for the prion protein. Misfolding of this protein may be the result of ingesting tissue that contains misfolded prion protein or a mutation. Accumulation of misfolded prion protein causes serious diseases such as Creutzfeldt– Jakob disease (CJD). Which of the following statements best classifies CJD?

a)

It is both a genetic disease and an infectious disease.

b)

It is a genetic disease only, since it is encoded by a gene.

c)

It is not an infectious disease because the prion is non-cellular.

d)

It is an infectious disease and the normal prion protein is the pathogen

126.

Scientists conducted an experiment to investigate the effectiveness of treating water from storage dams with UV radiation. The experiment was conducted more than three times. The results are shown in the table. What conclusion may be drawn from the data obtained?

a)

The control plates are contaminated.

b)

High doses of UV eliminate all pathogens.

c)

Exposure to UV inhibits reproduction of bacteria.

d)

The presence of bacteria reduces the amount of UV.

127.

Identify TWO features on the diagram below that would help to classify this pathogen as a bacterium.

a)

DNA

b)

Flagellum

c)

membrane bound organelles

d)

RNA

128.

Students designed and conducted an investigation to test for the presence of microbes in THREE different food samples. They inoculated agar plates with the samples and placed them in an incubator set to 25°C. Which row of the table represents a valid design for the investigation?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

129.

Which is a non-cellular pathogen?

a)

Virus

b)

Fungi

c)

Worm

d)

Bacteria

130.

A doctor prescribes antibiotics for a small child with the chickenpox virus. 

What is the expected effect?

a)

No change

b)

Improvement

c)

Decrease viral load

d)

Symptom alleviation

131.

Bacteria infected an open wound of a car crash survivor. 

What physical change might be expected?

a)

Cell lysis

b)

Chemotaxis

c)

Inflammation

d)

Opsonization

132.

In 1862, Louis Pasteur conducted an experiment to test whether a sealed nutrient broth could spontaneously generate microorganism growth. 

He used two types of swan-necked flasks, one open to the air and one sealed. 

What happened to the broth in the open flask?

a)

It spoiled

b)

It solidified 

c)

It evaporated

d)

Nothing obvious

133.

Pathogens are organisms that can produce disease or illness in another organism. Select the list that names types of pathogens only.

a)

Prions, bacteria, protozoa, fungi.

b)

Parasites, viruses, cancer, prokaryotes

c)

Macroparasites, prions, protozoa, pertussia

d)

Viroids, obesity, comycete, clones.

134.

A non-cellular pathogen that consists of protein particles and can replicate itself inside infected cells without DNA or RNA is called a:

a)

Virus

b)

Virion

c)

Viroid

d)

Prion

135.

Koch's postulates provide a scientific method of:

a)

Finding out how fast bacteria reproduce

b)

Identifying the causative organism of infectious diseases

c)

Identifying the causative organism of infectious diseases

d)

Preventing the spread of diseases

136.

Antibiotics:

a)

are produced by B lymphocytes

b)

trigger the immune response

c)

combat bacterial infections

d)

kill mainly viruses and bacteria

137.

Which of the following diseases has been eliminated by a global vaccination program?

a)

Smallpox

b)

Polio

c)

Measles

d)

Diptheria

138.

Media reports sometimes refer to large scale diseases as epidemics or pandemics. Identify the correct distinction between the two terms.

a)

The bubonic plague bacterium caused epidemics and pandemics throughout earlier, less hygienic times.

b)

Pandemic is a rapid and unusual spread of an infectious disease; epidemic is a pandemic that has become more global.

c)

Epidemic is a rapid and unusual spread of an infectious disease; pandemic is an epidemic that has become more global.

d)

Human movements around the globe tend to cause epidemics and pandemics, such as the SARS outbreak.

139.

The innate immune system has responses that include:

a)

cilia, macrophages and B cells

b)

phagocytosis, inflammation response and macrophages.

c)

macrophages, T cells and B cells.

d)

Inflammation response, immune response, antigens.

140.

Identify the statement that is not true for antibodies:

a)

They are large protein molecules called immunoglobulins.

b)

They have two identical arms that bind to specific antigens.

c)

They have an arm that interacts with other immune response cells, like mast cells.

d)

They are produced by neutrophils.

141.

Natural active immunity is achieved because of:

a)

Exposure to live or attenuated vaccines.

b)

Infection by particular bacteria or virus.

c)

The administration of antibodies or antitoxin specific to a particular microorganism.

d)

Adequate increase feeding in newborn infants.

142.

Natural active immunity is achieved because of:

a)

Exposure to live or attenuated vaccines.

b)

Infection by particular bacteria or virus.

c)

The administration of antibodies or antitoxin specific to a particular microorganism.

d)

Adequate increase feeding in newborn infants.

143.

The bodies immune system has

a)

3 lines of defense

b)

2 lines of defense

c)

1 line of defense

144.

The first line of defense helps to

a)

prevent pathogens from entering body

b)

fight pathogens once they have entered the body

c)

remember pathogens that have previously invaded

145.

The second line of defense helps to

a)

prevent pathogens from entering body

b)

fight all types pathogens once they have entered the body

c)

fight off specific pathogens, remember pathogens that have previously invaded,

146.

The third line of defense helps to

a)

prevent pathogens from entering body

b)

fight all types pathogens once they have entered the body

c)

fight off specific pathogens, and remember pathogens that have previously invaded

147.

Which is not part of the second line of defense

a)

Histamine

b)

Macrophages

c)

white blood cells

d)

t cells

148.

Which of the following are involved in the 3rd line of defence?

a)

B cells, T helper cells, Killer T cells, Antibodies

b)

B cells, T helper cells, Killer T cells, Antigens

c)

skin, hair, chemicals such as mucus, tears and saliva

d)

Histamines, and Phagocytic White blood cells (macrophages)

149.

Antigens

a)

Are chemical markers on pathogens

b)

Are a type of white blood cell

c)

Are part of the bodies 3rd line of defense against pathogens

150.

Antibodies are part of the 3rd line of defense they

a)

bind to antigens, preventing the spread of pathogens and promoting phagocytosis by white blood cells

b)

Are a type of white blood cell which eats pathogens

c)

Are a type of white blood cell which activates other white blood cells

151.

T helper cells are a type of white blood cell involved in the 3rd line of defense. T helper cells

a)

Help to activate other white blood cells such as killer T cells and B cells

b)

Produce antibodies

c)

Produce antigens

d)

Kill pathogenic cells

152.

B cells are a type of white blood cell involved in the 3rd line of defense. B cells

a)

Help to activate other white blood cells such as killer T cells and B cells

b)

Produce antibodies

c)

Produce antigens

d)

Kill pathogenic cells

153.

Killer T cells are a type of white blood cell involved in the 3rd line of defense. T cells

a)

Help to activate other white blood cells such as killer T cells and B cells

b)

Produce antibodies

c)

Produce antigens

d)

Kill specific pathogenic cells

154.

Identify the best description of homeostasis.

a)

Homeostasis is controlling pH and temperature within all the cells of the body.

b)

Homeostasis is keeping conditions within the body relatively stable and constant.

c)

Homeostasis is reducing metabolism when conditions are not ideal for functioning.

d)

Homeostasis is maintaining identical temperatures under different conditions.

155.

Feedback mechanisms are important in the homeostatic control of the body's internal conditions. In a feedback system of control, which of the following is true?

a)

The stimulus alters the original response

b)

The response alters the original stimulus

c)

The response reduces the effect of the original stimulus

d)

The response increases the effect of the original stimulus

156.

Which of the following describes paracrine signalling?

a)

The signalling molecule is carried to the target cell through the bloodstream

b)

The signalling molecule acts on the same cell that secretes the molecule

c)

The signalling molecule acts on target cells near the cell that secreted it

d)

The signalling molecule acts on target cells distant from the cell that produced it

157.

A person is swimming in water that has a temperature of 20oC. What actions happen to regulate that person's body temperature?

a)

Blood circulation = increased blood flow

Sweat glands = increased secretion

Skeletal muscle = decreased shivering

b)

Blood circulation = decreased blood flow

Sweat glands = decreased secretion

Skeletal muscle = increased shivering

c)

Blood circulation = decreased blood flow

Sweat glands = increased secretion

Skeletal muscle = increased shivering

d)

Blood circulation = increased blood flow

Sweat glands = decreased secretion

Skeletal muscle = increased shivering

158.

Four adaptations of the Australian red kangaroo for regulating their body temperature are:

i) a dense network of blood vessels close to the skin in the forelimbs

ii) licking the forelimbs in hot weather

iii) a powerful tail that acts as a counterbalance when hopping, allowing movement into and out of shade

iv) the blood vessels in the forelimbs widen (dilate) in hot weather

Which one of the following groups correctly classifies these four adaptations?

a)

i = physiological

ii = behavioural

iii = structural

iv = physiological

b)

i = structural

ii = behavioural

iii = structural

iv = physiological

c)

i = structural

ii = behavioural

iii = structural

iv = behavioural

d)

i = physiological

ii = behavioural

iii = physiological

iv = structural

159.

Which feature is common to endotherms found in cold climates?

a)

a small surface-area-to-volume ratio

b)

a large surface-area-to-volume ratio

c)

large external organs such as ears

d)

a large blood supply

160.

Plants growing in areas of water scarcity need adaptations to reduce water loss. Select the adaptation that conserves water:

a)

ability to close stomates during very hot conditions

b)

leaves with a thick, waxy cuticle

c)

hairs on leaves

d)

all of the above

161.

Select the list that contains only non-infectious diseases:

a)

lung cancer, diabetes, Down syndrome, asthma

b)

cystic fibrosis, anaemia, heart disease, hepatitis B

c)

rickets, warts, scurvy, cancer

d)

lead poisoning, heart disease, diphtheria, cancer of the cervix

162.

Identify the best summary description for control of the cell cycle.

a)

Tumour suppressor genes produce proteins that slow down cell growth and cell division

b)

Damaged or mutated genes are inactivated by special genes at set points in the cycle

c)

Proto-oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes repair any chromosomal damage throughout the cell cycle

d)

A balance of stimulation and suppression of cell divisions results in control of the cell cycle

163.

Cancer refers to a group of diseases caused by some common malfunctions at the cellular level. Identify the most accurate description of the processes that result in cancer.

a)

very rapid cell division and growth

b)

uncontrolled meiosis and growth of abnormal cells

c)

production of mutant cells that do not differentiate normally

d)

activation of oncogenes and tumour growth

164.

An expectant mother gave birth to a baby that was severely jaundiced and anaemic. The baby recovered after a blood transfusion, but concerned doctors tested the blood of both the baby and its mother. It was discovered that the baby and her older brother wee positive to the rhesus factor while their mother was rhesus negative. The baby's haemolytic disease occurred because:

a)

The mother's antigens recognised the baby's antibodies as foreign and attacked them

b)

The mother's antibodies to the rhesus factor developed in response to the blood of her first child, and then caused the immune response to the blood of her second child

c)

The baby developed antibodies in response to the mother's rhesus negative blood and this caused the second baby's haemolytic disease

d)

The rhesus antigen present on the mother's red blood cells caused an immune response to the baby's blood, which was free of the antigen

165.

Blood glucose levels rise after a meal is eaten, then fall again as the body uses the energy provided by the glucose, or stores the excess for later use. Diabetes is a condition that results in excess glucose in the blood. When compared to a 'normal' person, the blood glucose levels in a diabetic rise higher after eating a meal and fall at a slower rate. If the glucose levels do not fall, this would suggest the diabetic is suffering from:

a)

type 1 diabetes

b)

type 2 diabetes

c)

hyperglycaemia

d)

hypoglycaemia

166.

Identify the most accurate description of epidemiology.

a)

Epidemiology is the collection and statistical analysis of large volumes of data on health and health services.

b)

Epidemiology is the study of epidemics of infectious diseases in humans.

c)

Epidemiology is useful for identifying the causes of infectious and non-infectious diseases.

d)

Epidemiology studies the patterns and causes of diseases in groups of people.

167.

In 2006, residents of the mining town Mt Isa in Queensland expressed concern at rising rates of childhood learning disabilities and the possible link with exposure to environmental lead. Queensland health tested 400 children between Sept 2006 and Dec 2007 and the results are displayed in the graph. Levels of lead in the blood greater than 10 μg/dL are considered potentially dangerous.

Select the most accurate interpretation of this graph.

a)

Fewer than half the children tested had dangerous levels of lead in their blood.

b)

There is a causal relationship between lead exposure and learning disabilities.

c)

15% of indigenous children and 5% of non-indigenous children had levels >10 μg/dL.

d)

All Mt Isa children have some level of lead in their blood.

168.

Identify the correct set of labels for structures of the human ear.

a)

X = outer ear

Y = semicircular canals

Z = oval window

b)

X = middle ear

Y = auditory nerve

Z = ossicles

c)

X = tympanic membrane

Y = middle ear

Z = cochlea

d)

X = outer ear

Y = cochlea

Z = round window

169.

Hearing aids are particularly suitable for which of the following groups of people?

a)

people with sensorineural hearing loss

b)

all hearing-impaired individuals

c)

totally or profoundly hearing-impaired people

d)

people with poorly formed cochlea

170.

Select the correct way to complete the sentence.

Photoreceptors in the human eye:

a)

are located in the fovea

b)

include rods and cones

c)

only work in dim light

d)

control the amount of light entering the eyes

171.

Select the correct way to complete the sentence.

In myopia, light entering the eye is focused:

a)

before the retina

b)

on the retina

c)

behind the retina

d)

before the lens

172.

An athlete who has just completed a 20km run will have lost an excessive volume of water through sweating. To regulate water and salt balance, which of the following occurs?

a)

Dilute urine will be produced

b)

An increased volume of urine will be produced

c)

ADH will be released into the bloodstream, increasing the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts in the kidney

d)

Vasopressin will be released into the bloodstream, decreasing the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts in the kidney

173.

Dialysis treatment for chronic loss of kidney function requires:

a)

surgical removal of the diseased part of the kidney

b)

insertion of artificial replacement filters into the kidney

c)

a complete blood transfusion once a week

d)

lengthy treatment to cleanse the blood three to four times a week

174.

Sickled RBC

a)

A

b)

B

175.

This genetic disorder is caused by non-disjunction of the 21st chromosome. It is one of the most common chromosomal disorders.

a)

Turner syndrome

b)

Hunington Disease

c)

Down syndrome

d)

Myopia

176.

This genetic disorder causes red blood cells to exhibit an irregular shape. Symptoms of this disorder can include joint pain, poor circulation, and a shorter lifespan. It is highly prevalent in African and African American populations.

a)

Anemia

b)

Albinism

c)

Turner syndrome

d)

Sickle-cell Anemia

177.
What is NOT a key difference between kidney function and renal dialysis machine function?
a)
Kidneys continuously filter blood. Dialysis machines do not
b)
Dialysis is significantly more efficient at filtering blood
c)
Kidneys use active and passive processes;Dialysis is passive
d)
Kidneys rely on hormones for some functions. Dialysis doesnt
178.

What is the function of a nephron?

a)

Removes CO2 from the blood

b)

Removes wastes from the blood

c)

Collects urea from the cells where it is produced

d)

Removes urine from the blood

179.
The outer portion of the Kidney is called the.....
a)
Hilus
b)
Cortex
c)
Medulla
d)
Calyx
180.
Type of lens to correct for hyperopia
a)
Diverging
b)
Convex
c)
Converging
d)
Biconvex
181.

Which statement is INCORRECT about the pathway of sound through the human ear?

a)

Sound is transmitted through three bones.

b)

Sound travels through air in the outer ear.

c)

Sound is detected in the organ of Corti.

d)

Sound travels through liquid in the middle ear.

182.

Myopia is ????

a)

Nearsighted vision

b)

Farsighted vision

c)

Normal vision

d)

Age related vision

183.

The ciliary muscles are relaxed to see distant objects.

a)

True

b)

False

184.
Function of the vitreous humour?
a)
Protects the eye and maintains shape.
b)
Focuses light rays onto the retina.
c)
Regulates the amount of light entering the eye.
d)
Keeps the eye's shape and bends light rays.
185.

If in doubt about a question involving a case study of a non infectious disease always talk about:

a)

Malaria

b)

Lung cancer

c)

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria

d)

Smoking

186.

The image shows an unpowered version of which corrective technology?

a)

Hearing aid

b)

Cochlear implant

c)

Laser eye surgery

d)

Dialysis

e)

Bone conduction implant

187.

When in doubt on a plant question always go for the

a)

Eucalypt

b)

Most obscure thing you can think of

c)

A completely made up plant

d)

Grass - because it seems to grow everywhere?

188.
This picture shows a leaf with many water saving adaptations
a)
False
b)
True
189.
Negative feedback is good for us
a)
True
b)
False
c)
Depends how hard I have tried
d)
Only when the HSC is real far away
190.
Which of the following is NOT a feature of a good epidemiological study
a)
Large sample size
b)
Recording a range of different factors
c)
Using a diverse pool of subjects
d)
Investigating over a short period of time
191.
Which of the following is an example of genetically engineered disease prevention strategy
a)
Slip slop slap
b)
Kograh
c)
Quit for life
d)
Luxturna
192.
A person with hyperopia
a)
cannot see nearby objects well
b)
cannot see far away objects well
c)
cannot see colors
d)
has perfect vision
193.
Myopia or Hyperopia?
a)
Neither
b)
Both
c)
Myopia
d)
Hyperopia
194.

The cochlear implant works by stimulating the cochlea using:

a)

sound energy

b)

mechanical energy

c)

kinetic energy

d)

electrical energy