Congress passes a law restricting free speech. A court invalidates it, stating that the Constitution has priority. What principle allows this?

Congress passes a bill, the President vetoes it, and the Supreme Court later rules it unconstitutional. What principle is at work?

Which part of the Constitution establishes the President’s powers to enforce the laws passed by Congress?

Why did the Framers give Congress power to regulate interstate commerce?

Congress regulates a local farmer’s crop production because, in the aggregate, it impacts national markets. What principle justifies this?

States regulate marriage and education because the Constitution doesn’t give those powers to Congress. What principle is this?

The Supreme Court applies equal protection principles to federal government actions through the Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause. What is this called?

Which amendment prevents the federal government from depriving a person of life, liberty, or property without due process?

Before firing a public employee, the government must give notice and a chance to be heard. What principle applies?

What doctrine allows courts to strike down unconstitutional actions of Congress or the President?

Congress makes laws, the President enforces them, and courts interpret them. What principle is this?

A court has the legal authority to hear a case and issue a binding ruling on the parties. What is this authority called?

A worker sues under the Americans with Disabilities Act. What gives the federal court authority to hear this case?

A citizen of Texas sues a citizen of Illinois in federal court for $200,000. Does diversity jurisdiction exist?

A citizen of Florida sues a citizen of Ohio in federal court for exactly $75,000. Does diversity jurisdiction exist?

SoftTech, Inc. is incorporated in Delaware and has its headquarters in Virginia. For diversity purposes, it is a citizen of which state(s)?

A company files a patent infringement suit. Which court system must hear it?

Two businesses in different states agree in their contract that all disputes must be litigated in Colorado. What is this type of provision?

What document notifies the defendant that they are being sued and tells them when to respond?

Delivering the summons and complaint to the defendant’s home is called what?

The complaint, the defendant’s answer, and sometimes the plaintiff’s reply are collectively called what?

A homeowner sues a contractor for poor workmanship. The contractor sues back in the same case for unpaid bills. What is this?

Before trial, a party argues that all facts are undisputed and the law clearly supports them. What motion should they file?

Before trial, a judge meets with attorneys to simplify issues and encourage settlement. What is this called?

A landlord and tenant are in conflict. A neutral third party helps them talk through issues, clarifies misunderstandings, and suggests compromises — but cannot make a binding decision. What ADR method is this?

Two businesses sign a contract requiring disputes to be decided by a neutral third party who issues a binding decision. What is this called?

Which of the following is an advantage of ADR compared to litigation?

During jury selection, attorneys question potential jurors to identify bias. What is this process called?

During voir dire, an attorney strikes a juror without giving a reason (subject to constitutional limits). What is this called?

Who can excuse jurors without explanation during a trial?

Who determines admissibility of evidence and what law applies at trial?

Each side can demand evidence from the other if it is relevant and not privileged. What is this process called?

A witness is questioned under oath by attorneys before trial, with a court reporter recording the answers. What is this called?

Emails and electronic files that are relevant and accessible may be obtained in what process?

After reviewing a trial court decision, what may an appellate court do?

When a court declares a government action unconstitutional, it is exercising what doctrine?

A court follows an earlier decision in a similar case because “like cases should be decided alike.” What doctrine is this?

Which principle is known for following precedents in legal cases?

A group of bystanders tries to sue over a car accident that injured a stranger. The court dismisses because they lack what?

Which amendment prevents the federal government from depriving “any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law”?

Before a public university expels a student for misconduct, it must give notice and a hearing. This is an example of:

A law banning all internet access for citizens would be challenged as violating:

The Fourteenth Amendment’s equal protection clause applies to federal government action through which doctrine?

A city passes a law banning only left-handed people from becoming police officers. Which constitutional principle would this most directly violate?

A nonprofit posts billboards encouraging recycling. What protection does this speech receive under the First Amendment?

A company advertises a product with misleading claims. Can this speech be restricted?

A local health department creates posters warning about vaping dangers. This speech is classified as: